scholarly journals Lexical-semantic processing in the semantic priming paradigm in aphasic patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles ◽  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Maria Alice Mattos Pimenta Parente ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
Ana Inès Ansaldo
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

There is evidence that the explicit lexical-semantic processing deficits which characterize aphasia may be observed in the absence of implicit semantic impairment. The aim of this article was to critically review the international literature on lexical-semantic processing in aphasia, as tested through the semantic priming paradigm. Specifically, this review focused on aphasia and lexical-semantic processing, the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the semantic paradigms used, and recent evidence from neuroimaging studies on lexical-semantic processing. Furthermore, evidence on dissociations between implicit and explicit lexical-semantic processing reported in the literature will be discussed and interpreted by referring to functional neuroimaging evidence from healthy populations. There is evidence that semantic priming effects can be found both in fluent and in non-fluent aphasias, and that these effects are related to an extensive network which includes the temporal lobe, the pre-frontal cortex, the left frontal gyrus, the left temporal gyrus and the cingulated cortex.

scholarly journals Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex Activity Reflects Inhibitory Rather Than Facilitatory Priming

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1552-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen R. Cardillo ◽  
Jennifer Aydelott ◽  
Paul M. Matthews ◽  
Joseph T. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm

Functional neuroimaging has demonstrated reduced activation correlated with behavioral priming effects, a finding generally interpreted in terms of facilitated retrieval of target items in the context of related primes. Without a neutral prime, however, one cannot separate facilitatory effects of related primes from inhibitory effects of unrelated primes. Here we report an auditory semantic priming paradigm with congruent (“The boy bounced the ball”), neutral (“The next item is ball”), and incongruent (“Pasta is my favorite kind of ball”) sentence trials. As previously reported, reduced left inferior prefrontal cortex activation was observed for congruent relative to incongruent trials; however, the neutral condition allowed us to show that the effect arose from increased activation in the incongruent condition rather than reduced activation for congruent trials. Our results suggest that the left inferior prefrontal cortex inhibits interference from prepotent representations in order to select a task-appropriate target, and is consistent with its broader role in behavioral inhibition.

Combining the Post-Cue Task and the Perceptual Identification Task to Assess Parallel Activation and Mutual Facilitation of Related Primes and Targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Scherer ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Prime Target

Abstract. Recent theories assume a mutual facilitation in case of semantic overlap for concepts being activated simultaneously. We provide evidence for this claim using a semantic priming paradigm. To test for mutual facilitation of related concepts, a perceptual identification task was employed, presenting prime-target pairs briefly and masked, with an SOA of 0 ms (i.e., prime and target were presented concurrently, one above the other). Participants were instructed to identify the target. In Experiment 1, a cue defining the target was presented at stimulus onset, whereas in Experiment 2 the cue was not presented before the offset of stimuli. Accordingly, in Experiment 2, a post-cue task was merged with the perceptual identification task. We obtained significant semantic priming effects in both experiments. This result is compatible with the view that two concepts can both be activated in parallel and can mutually facilitate each other if they are related.

scholarly journals Semantic Processing Impairment in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda G. Jaimes-Bautista ◽  
Mario Rodríguez-Camacho ◽  
Iris E. Martínez-Juárez ◽  
Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

The impairment in episodic memory system is the best-known cognitive deficit in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Recent studies have shown evidence of semantic disorders, but they have been less studied than episodic memory. The semantic dysfunction in TLE has various cognitive manifestations, such as the presence of language disorders characterized by defects in naming, verbal fluency, or remote semantic information retrieval, which affects the ability of patients to interact with their surroundings. This paper is a review of recent research about the consequences of TLE on semantic processing, considering neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging findings, as well as the functional role of the hippocampus in semantic processing. The evidence from these studies shows disturbance of semantic memory in patients with TLE and supports the theory of declarative memory of the hippocampus. Functional neuroimaging studies show an inefficient compensatory functional reorganization of semantic networks and electrophysiological studies show a lack of N400 effect that could indicate that the deficit in semantic processing in patients with TLE could be due to a failure in the mechanisms of automatic access to lexicon.

scholarly journals Studies on semantic priming effects in right hemisphere stroke: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Juliana de Lima Müller ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT The role of the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) associated with semantic priming effects (SPEs) must be better understood, since the consequences of RH damage on SPE are not yet well established. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate studies analyzing SPEs in patients affected by stroke in the RH through a systematic review, verifying whether there are deficits in SPEs, and whether performance varies depending on the type of semantic processing evaluated or stimulus in the task. Methods: A search was conducted on the LILACS, PUBMED and PSYCINFO databases. Results: Out of the initial 27 studies identified, 11 remained in the review. Difficulties in SPEs were shown in five studies. Performance does not seem to vary depending on the type of processing, but on the type of stimulus used. Conclusion: This ability should be evaluated in individuals that have suffered a stroke in the RH in order to provide treatments that will contribute to their recovery.

scholarly journals Syntactic and Semantic Modulation of Neural Activity during Auditory Sentence Comprehension

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Humphries ◽  
Jeffrey R. Binder ◽  
David A. Medler ◽  
Einat Liebenthal
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Word Lists

In previous functional neuroimaging studies, left anterior temporal and temporal-parietal areas responded more strongly to sentences than to randomly ordered lists of words. The smaller response for word lists could be explained by either (1) less activation of syntactic processes due to the absence of syntactic structure in the random word lists or (2) less activation of semantic processes resulting from failure to combine the content words into a global meaning. To test these two explanations, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which word order and combinatorial word meaning were independently manipulated during auditory comprehension. Subjects heard six different stimuli: normal sentences, semantically incongruent sentences in which content words were randomly replaced with other content words, pseudoword sentences, and versions of these three sentence types in which word order was randomized to remove syntactic structure. Effects of syntactic structure (greater activation to sentences than to word lists) were observed in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus and left angular gyrus. Semantic effects (greater activation to semantically congruent stimuli than either incongruent or pseudoword stimuli) were seen in widespread, bilateral temporal lobe areas and the angular gyrus. Of the two regions that responded to syntactic structure, the angular gyrus showed a greater response to semantic structure, suggesting that reduced activation for word lists in this area is related to a disruption in semantic processing. The anterior temporal lobe, on the other hand, was relatively insensitive to manipulations of semantic structure, suggesting that syntactic information plays a greater role in driving activation in this area.

scholarly journals Similar and distinct neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming in the languages of the French–Spanish bilingual children

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUAH SIRRI ◽  
PIA RÄMÄ
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Old French ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Negativity ◽  
Target Words

Recent evidence demonstrates that lexical-semantic connections emerge over the second year of life for monolingual children. Yet, little is known about the developing lexical-semantic organization of children acquiring two languages simultaneously. Two- to 4 year-old French–Spanish bilingual children completed a within-language auditory semantic priming task in both of their languages, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The results revealed that bilingual children exhibited sensitivity to taxonomic relationships between words in each of their languages, but the pattern of brain activity varied across the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) languages. While the N2 occurred for both languages, the N400 appeared for target words in the DL only and the late anterior negativity for target words in the NDL only. These findings indicate that words are organized taxonomically in the bilinguals’ lexicons. However, the patterns of brain activity suggest that common and distinct neural resources underlie lexical-semantic processing in each language.

scholarly journals Lexical–semantic priming effects during infancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1536) ◽  
pp. 3633-3647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arias-Trejo ◽  
Kim Plunkett
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Picture Pair ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Prime Target

When and how do infants develop a semantic system of words that are related to each other? We investigated word–word associations in early lexical development using an adaptation of the inter-modal preferential looking task where word pairs (as opposed to single target words) were used to direct infants’ attention towards a target picture. Two words (prime and target) were presented in quick succession after which infants were presented with a picture pair (target and distracter). Prime–target word pairs were either semantically and associatively related or unrelated; the targets were either named or unnamed. Experiment 1 demonstrated a lexical–semantic priming effect for 21-month olds but not for 18-month olds: unrelated prime words interfered with linguistic target identification for 21-month olds. Follow-up experiments confirmed the interfering effects of unrelated prime words and identified the existence of repetition priming effects as young as 18 months of age. The results of these experiments indicate that infants have begun to develop semantic–associative links between lexical items as early as 21 months of age.

scholarly journals Semantic Processing and Orthographic Specificity in Hemispatial Neglect

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina McGlinchey-Berroth ◽  
William P. Milberg ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Laura Grande ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Priming Task

Two sets of experiments, each consisting of a semantic priming task and a discrimination task, investigated the proceedings of lexical information in the neglected visual field. In the semantic priming task, subjects made lexical decisions to target words preceded by lateralized word primes; in the discrimination task, they indicated which of two words corresponded to a target word presented to the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF). The first set of experiments indicated that although patients were unable to discriminate words presented in the LVF, they showed significant priming when LVF primes were followed by semantically related targets compared to unrelated targets. The second set of experiments further examined the nature of this priming effect by comparing priming in a condition in which primes were semantically related to the target word (e.g., TEA-CUP) and a condition in which primes were unrelated to the target word, but orthographically similar to a related prime (e.g., PEA-CUP). This experiment replicated the previously established semantic priming effects and demonstrated significant negative priming for targets preceded by LVF primes that were orthographically similar to a semantically related word. Again, patients performed at chance in the forced-choice discrimination task when targets were presented in the LVF These findings indicate that semantic processing of neglected lexical information is based on fully specified perceptual and orthographic information. A lateral inhibitory mechanism is proposed that maximizes the probability, albeit unsuccessfully, that neglected orthographic information will reach awareness.

Effects of neuroleptic medications on speech disorganization in schizophrenia: biasing associative networks towards meaning

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. GOLDBERG ◽  
M. DODGE ◽  
M. ALOIA ◽  
M. F. EGAN ◽  
D. R. WEINBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Associative Networks ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Disorganized Speech

Background. While some cognitive accounts of disorganized speech, or thought disorder, in schizophrenia have emphasized failures in working memory/discourse planning or selective attention, we have suggested that thought disorder resides in the semantic system. In this study we assessed the effect of neuroleptic medication on thought disorder and semantic processing.Methods. Seventeen patients with schizophrenia were assessed while receiving neuroleptic medications and in crossover fashion, placebo. A number of measures were obtained: clinically rated thought disorder (using the Thought, Language and Communication Scale); working memory (letter number span); lexical integrity (naming and receptive vocabulary); and, semantic priming of intracategorical word pairs.Results. Semantic priming measures improved with neuroleptic medication, as did clinically rated thought disorder. No other measure changed significantly. Priming selectively covaried with changes in thought disorder.Conclusion. Changes in spreading semantic activation, measured in a semantic priming paradigm and presumably brought about by neuroleptics' influence on dopaminergic neuromodulatory systems, might reflect changes in the biases of pre-existing associative networks that favour or increase the accessibility of representations related by shared features. This study also has implications for the architecture of normal language in that a dissociation between the lexical and semantic levels was observed, due to the selective compromise of tasks demanding semantic processing.

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