scholarly journals Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in a developing country

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silveira Pinho ◽  
Denise Aerts ◽  
Magda Lahorgue Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Visits

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether previously identified risk factors for sudden death syndrome have a significant impact in a developing country. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal case-control study carried out in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Cases (N=39) were infants born between 1996 and 2000 who died suddenly and unexpectedly at home during sleep and were diagnosed with sudden death syndrome. Controls (N=117) were infants matched by age and sex who died in hospitals due to other conditions. Data were collected from postmortem examination records and questionnaires answers. A conditional logistic model was used to identify factors associated with the outcome. RESULTS: Mean age at death of cases was 3.2 months. The frequencies of infants regarding gestational age, breastfeeding and regular medical visits were similar in both groups. Sleeping position for most cases and controls was the lateral one. Supine sleeping position was found for few infants in both groups. Maternal variables, age below 20 years (OR=2, 95% CI: 1.1; 5.1) and smoking of more than 10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy (OR=3, 95% CI: 1.3; 6.4), significantly increased the risk for the syndrome. Socioeconomic characteristics were similar in both groups and did not affect risk. CONCLUSIONS: Infant-maternal and socioeconomic profiles of cases in a developing country closely resembled the profile described in the literature, and risk factors were similar as well. However, individual characteristics were identified as risks in the population studied, such as smoking during pregnancy and maternal age below 20 years.

Sudden Unexpected Death of Two Infants in Baby Carriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Storz ◽  
Christof Dame ◽  
Anke Wendt ◽  
Alexander Gratopp ◽  
Christoph Bührer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Prone Sleeping Position

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), previously termed sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), is the second leading cause of death in infants beyond the neonatal period in Germany, and a major cause of infant mortality in economically well developed countries (OECD Health Statistics, 2019). The risk of SUDI peaks at the age of 2–4 months and then decreases continuously till the end of the first year. A complex multifactorial cause, rather than a single characteristic factor, may cause SUDI within a critical period of infant development (Guntheroth WG et al., Pediatrics 2002; 110: e64–e64). Risk factors include prematurity, male gender, bottle-feeding, prone sleeping position, overheating, as well as exposure to smoke amongst others (Carpenter RG et al., Lancet 2004; 363: 185–191). Thus, health professionals consistently advise and educate parents about avoidable risk factors of SUDI at routine well-baby examinations. Since the advent of SUDI prevention strategies in the 1980s, the incidence has decreased 10fold, from 1,55/1.000 live births in 1991 to 0,15/1000 in 2015. This number seems to have reached a steady state (Statistisches Bundesamt Germany, 2015).

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sleeping Practices in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Mee Ahn ◽  
Kyung-moo Yang ◽  
Hong Il Ha ◽  
Jung Ae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthy Infants

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Korea remains a poorly-understood subject for both professionals and the public. Recent reports have emphasized ethnic differences in SIDS rates, suggesting that making adjustments in child-rearing practices may contribute substantially to SIDS reduction. Two of the three major risk factors for SIDS-vulnerability of the infant and exogenous factors-need to be understood in particular depth due to their broad scope and sociocultural grounding. This paper presents substantial issues regarding preterm birth and male gender on infants’ vulnerability to SIDS in Korea. Practices of caring for healthy infants are addressed in the context of sleeping practices, including sleeping position, bedding arrangements, sleeping on the floor, the back-to-sleep position, high indoor temperatures and ondol floor heating, and swaddling. Professional and social awareness about how to reduce SIDS should be raised by promoting a better understanding of risk factors in the context of ethnic and cultural variations in child-rearing practices.

scholarly journals POSSIBLE NEUROGENIC MECHANISMS SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Kopylov
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
The Brain

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is an unexpected non-violent death of apparently healthy child aged 7 days to 1 year, in which the anamnesis and autopsy data do not allow to find out the cause of the fatal outcome. Researchers have not come to a consensus on the thanatological role of morphological changes in the brain. Aim. To determine pathomorphological changes in the brain in the case of sudden death syndrome in children. Material and methods. Forensic medical studies of 118 deaths of healthy children who died suddenly for the period 2008-2017 were carried out and analyzed on the territory of the Stavropol region. Autopsy material was divided into groups: the main group (1) consisted of 74 observations (62.8%), where SIDS was the main final sectional diagnosis. The comparison group (2) consisted of 44 (37.2%) observations; the children died suddenly at home as a result of viral-bacterial pneumonia. For control, the third group was formed (3), which included 45 observations, where the death of children occurred as a result of drowning and carbon monoxide poisoning. Results and its discussion. A histological examination of pieces of the brain in the case of sudden death syndrome revealed the foci of angiomatosis of the vessels of the pia mater and brain matter with the normal structure of the elastic membrane of the arteries, the effects of glial proliferation in the subependymal region of the lateral ventricles and subcortical formations. In the medulla oblongata, in a detailed study of the posterior (vegetative) nucleus of the vagus nerve, degenerative changes in neurons were detected in the form of chromatolysis and karyolysis, a glial reaction of the type of neuronophagy. Conclusion. Pathomorphological changes in the brain stem may be due to combined intrauterine hypoxic and intrapartum traumatic factors, which, potentiating each other, lead to dysregulation of the respiratory rhythm with the development of a fatal outcome during sleep.

scholarly journals Conversations with families about reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Anna Pease ◽  
Peter S Blair ◽  
Jenny Ingram ◽  
Peter Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Potential Impact

Inequalities in the burden of sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy make targeted action by health professionals a viable option for intervention. Most of the deaths that now occur have at least one known modifiable risk factor present, so the potential impact of supporting families with implementing safer sleep strategies is great and may bring about a further reduction in infant deaths. This article describes the latest evidence for action on three of the major risk factors for SIDS: sleeping position; smoking; and co-sleeping. It will go on to discuss how to translate this evidence into effective communication strategies for families, including giving information about why or how the messages increase safety for sleeping babies.

scholarly journals A Fresh Look at the History of SIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
The 1960S

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) became a named entity in 1969 and the term has been used to certify sudden unexpected infant deaths meeting certain demographic, epidemiologic, and pathologic criteria. Since it is a diagnosis of exclusion, there is inherent imprecision, and this has led the National Association of Medical Examiners to recommend that these deaths now be classified as “undetermined.” This historical review article briefly analyzes anecdotal instances of SIDS described centuries ago as overlying, smothering, infanticide, and suffocation by bedclothes followed by a more detailed review of “thymic” causes (i.e., thymic asthma and status thymicolymphaticus) popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Before the 1950s, such cases were also often categorized as accidental mechanical suffocation. In the 1940s and 1950s, forensic studies on infants dying unexpectedly revealed a typical pattern of autopsy findings strongly suggestive of natural causation and, after 1969, cases meeting the appropriate criteria were usually categorized as SIDS, a term embraced by the public and by advocacy groups. Research conducted after the 1960s identified important risk factors and generated many theories related to pathogenesis, such as prolonged sleep apnea. The incidence of SIDS deaths decreased sharply in the early 1990s after implementing public awareness programs addressing risk factors such as prone sleeping position and exposure to smoking. Deletion of cases in which death scene investigation suggested asphyxiation and cases where molecular autopsies revealed metabolic diseases further decreased the incidence. This historical essay lays the foundation for debate on the future of the SIDS entity.

TWO AMERICAN CASE REPORTS OF THE SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME: THE FIRST IN 1686 AND THE SECOND IN 1863

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Perfect Health ◽  
American Case

I believe the first recorded American case of the sudden infant death syndrome will be found in Samuel Sewall's diary for February 13, 1686.1 He wrote: Feb. 13, 1686. Mr. Eyre's little son dyed, well to bed: dyed by them [the parents] in the Bed. It seems there is no Symptom of Over-laying. In 1863 Dr. David W. Cheever of Boston wrote:2 March 9th; "Sudden Death of an Infant without Known Cause":— An infant, 10 weeks old, apparently in perfect health, suddenly died while sleeping, and after having been asleep one and a half hours.

Abstract 223: A Case for Hypoxia and Long QT Syndrome in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Neary ◽  
Timothy J Mohun ◽  
Ross A Breckenridge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Long Qt Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Qt Syndrome ◽  
Ecg Morphology

INTRODUCTION: Long QT syndrome is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Prolonged QTc intervals (c=corrected for heart rate) in SIDS are sometimes caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels. Other causes remain largely idiopathic. HYPOTHESIS: Risk factors for SIDS, including maternal bed sharing, head covering and high altitude, are associated with a reduced oxygen environment. Our studies investigate a link between hypoxia and long QT syndrome in the neonate. METHODS: We characterised, for the first time, changes in the murine neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) at: 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours (n=12) and 2, 6 and 10 days (n=25) after birth. We investigated whether birth into hypoxia 10% O2 (n=16) and genetically elevating cardiac hypoxic signalling in neonatal mice alters the course of changes in ECG morphology (n=14). We analysed the ECG for heart rate and parameters associated with dysrrhythmia and sudden death, including the QTc interval. RESULTS: In the hours and days following birth, we observed a steady increase in heart rate (p<0.0001) and decrease in QTc interval (p<0.05). When neonates were raised in hypoxia for 24 hours, the trends in heart rate (p<0.001) and QTc interval (p<0.0001) were abolished and risk of neonatal death was 52% (17 out of 33) over 24 hours. In transgenic neonatal mice with elevated cardiac hypoxic signalling, we observed a significant bradycardia (p<0.0001) and elongated QTc interval (p<0.0001) compared to controls at ten days after birth, with death occurring pre-weaning. >CONCLUSIONS: Following birth there are significant changes in ECG morphology, including an increase in heart rate and decrease in QTc interval. Hypoxia diminishes these changes resulting in bradycardia and elongated QTc intervals. We hypothesise that the increase in ambient oxygen concentration after birth drives the maturation of cardiac electrical conduction, failure of which predisposes to dysrhythmia and sudden death. This is consistent with known risk factors of SIDS and provides a link between neonatal hypoxia and ECG repolarisation abnormalities.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sleeping Position: Fig. 1.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 211.2-211
Author(s):  
Roberto Buzzetti ◽  
Roberto D'Amico ◽  
Alessandro Liberati
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position
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