scholarly journals Salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, Anopheles dirus B (Diptera: Culicidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narissara Jariyapan ◽  
Wej Choochote ◽  
Atchariya Jitpakdi ◽  
Thasaneeya Harnnoi ◽  
Padet Siriyasatein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Human Malaria

Salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, Anopheles dirus B were determined and analyzed. The amount of salivary gland proteins in mosquitoes aged between 3 - 10 days was approximately 1.08 ± 0.04 µg/female and 0.1 ± 0.05 µg/male. The salivary glands of both sexes displayed the same morphological organization as that of other anopheline mosquitoes. In females, apyrase accumulated in the distal regions, whereas alpha-glucosidase was found in the proximal region of the lateral lobes. This differential distribution of the analyzed enzymes reflects specialization of different regions for sugar and blood feeding. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that at least seven major proteins were found in the female salivary glands, of which each morphological region contained different major proteins. Similar electrophoretic protein profiles were detected comparing unfed and blood-fed mosquitoes, suggesting that there is no specific protein induced by blood. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis showed the most abundant salivary gland protein, with a molecular mass of approximately 35 kilodaltons and an isoelectric point of approximately 4.0. These results provide basic information that would lead to further study on the role of salivary proteins of An. dirus B in disease transmission and hematophagy.

scholarly journals Characterization of a vasodilator from the salivary glands of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Vasodilatory Activity ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

Salivary gland homogenates and oil-induced saliva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti dilate the rabbit aortic ring and contract the guinea pig ileum. The vasodilatory activity is endothelium-dependent, heat-stable, sensitive to both trypsin and chymotrypsin treatments, and both smooth muscle activities cross-desensitize to the tachykinin peptide substance P. Both bioactivities co-elute when salivary gland homogenates are fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. Molecular sieving chromatography indicates a relative molecular mass of 1400. A monoclonal antibody specific to the carboxy terminal region of tachykinins reacts with material in the posterior part of the central lobe of paraformaldehyde-fixed salivary glands. The presence of a vasodilatory peptide of the tachykinin family in the salivary glands of A. aegypti is proposed and its role in blood feeding is discussed.

Expression of three serine protease genes from the South East Asian malaria vector, Anopheles dirus, in relation to blood feeding and parasite infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patchara Sriwichai ◽  
Yupha Rongsriyam ◽  
Narissara Jariyapan ◽  
Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn ◽  
Jetsumon Sattabongkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
The South ◽  
Anopheles Dirus

scholarly journals The salivary catechol oxidase/peroxidase activities of the mosquito Anopheles albimanus

1993 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
J. M. Ribeiro ◽  
R. H. Nussenzveig
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Catechol Oxidase ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Tissue Destruction

Salivary gland homogenates from adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes relaxed aortic rings preconstricted with noradrenaline (NA). This relaxation is slow and is due to destruction of NA. Incubation of NA with the homogenate yielded a product with a spectrum consistent with the corresponding adrenochrome. Oxidation of NA was enhanced by a superoxide generation system and inhibited by the combined action of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Additionally, peroxidase activity on both synthetic (o-dianisidine) and biologically active (serotonin) substrates was also present in the salivary gland homogenates, this latter activity requiring hydrogen peroxide. Noradrenaline oxidation, serotonin and o-dianisidine peroxidation and vasodilation all co-elute with a heme protein of relative molecular mass 50,000, as determined by molecular sieving chromatography. Peroxidase activity was localized in the posterior (female-specific) lobes of salivary glands and was also detected in nitrocellulose membranes probed by hungry mosquitoes. Protein and peroxidase activities were significantly lower in salivary glands of mosquitoes after probing and feeding on blood. It is suggested that adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes contain a salivary heme peroxidase that functions during blood finding and blood feeding by destroying hemostatically active biogenic amines released by the vertebrate host during tissue destruction.

scholarly journals Identification of Salivary Gland Proteins Depleted after Blood Feeding in the Malaria Vector Anopheles campestris-like Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriwatapron Sor-suwan ◽  
Narissara Jariyapan ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Atchara Paemanee ◽  
Atchara Phumee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Blood Feeding

A Glycine- and Glutamate-Rich Protein Is Female Salivary Gland-Specific and Abundant in the Malaria Vector Anopheles dirus B (Diptera: Culicidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narissara Jariyapan ◽  
Wej Choochote ◽  
Atchariya Jitpakdi ◽  
Thasaneeya Harnnoi ◽  
Padet Siriyasatein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Dirus

scholarly journals De novo profiling of RNA viruses in Anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes from forest ecological zones in Senegal and Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeni Belda ◽  
Ferdinand Nanfack Minkeu ◽  
Karin Eiglmeier ◽  
Guillaume Carissimo ◽  
Inge Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Redundant Contigs

AbstractBackgroundMosquitoes are colonized by a large but mostly uncharacterized natural virome of RNA viruses. Anopheles mosquitoes are efficient vectors of human malaria, and the composition and distribution of the natural RNA virome may influence the biology and immunity of Anopheles malaria vector populations.ResultsAnopheles vectors of human malaria were sampled in forest village sites in Senegal and Cambodia, including Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae group sp., and Anopheles coustani in Senegal, and Anopheles hyrcanus group sp., Anopheles maculatus group sp., and Anopheles dirus in Cambodia. Small and long RNA sequences were depleted of mosquito host and de novo assembled to yield non-redundant contigs longer than 500 nucleotides. Analysis of the assemblies by sequence similarity to known virus families yielded 125 novel virus sequences, 39 from Senegal Anopheles and 86 from Cambodia. Important monophyletic virus clades in the Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales orders are found in these Anopheles from Africa and Asia. Small RNA size and abundance profiles were used to cluster non-host RNA assemblies that were unclassified by sequence similarity. 39 unclassified non-redundant contigs >500 nucleotides strongly matched a pattern of classic RNAi processing of viral replication intermediates, and 1566 unclassified contigs strongly matched a pattern consistent with piRNAs. Analysis of piRNA expression in Anopheles coluzzii after infection with O’nyong nyong virus (family Togaviridae) suggests that virus infection can specifically alter abundance of some piRNAs.ConclusionsRNA viruses ubiquitously colonize Anopheles vectors of human malaria worldwide. At least some members of the mosquito virome are monophyletic with other arthropod viruses. However, high levels of collinearity and similarity of Anopheles viruses at the peptide level is not necessarily matched by similarity at the nucleotide level, indicating that Anopheles from Africa and Asia are colonized by closely related but clearly diverged virome members. The interplay between small RNA pathways and the virome may represent an important part of the homeostatic mechanism maintaining virome members in a commensal or nonpathogenic state, and host-virome interactions could influence variation in malaria vector competence.

Salivary gland proteome of the human malaria vector, Anopheles campestris-like (Diptera: Culicidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriwatapron Sor-suwan ◽  
Narissara Jariyapan ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Atchara Paemanee ◽  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Human Malaria

scholarly journals Sub-lethal insecticide exposure affects host biting efficiency of Kdr-resistant Anopheles gambiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malal M Diop ◽  
Fabrice Chandre ◽  
Marie Rossignol ◽  
Angélique Porciani ◽  
Mathieu Chateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Biting Behaviour ◽  
Blood Meal Size

AbstractThe massive use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has drastically changed the environment for malaria vector mosquitoes, challenging their host-seeking behaviour and biting success. Here, we investigated the effect of a brief exposure to an ITN on the biting behaviour of Anopheles mambiae mosquitoes and the interaction between such behaviour and the kdr mutation that confers resistance to pyrethroids. To this aim, we developed a video assay to study the biting behaviour of mosquitoes with similar genetic background, but different kdr locus genotypes (SS i.e. homozygous susceptible, RS i.e. heterozygous and RR i.e. homozygous resistant), after a brief exposure to either control untreated nets or one of two types of pyrethroid-treated nets (deltamethrin or permethrin). In presence of untreated nets, the kdr mutation did not influence mosquito blood feeding success but caused differences in feeding and prediuresis durations and blood meal size. Exposure to deltamethrin ITN decreased the blood feeding success rate of RR and RS mosquitoes, whereas in presence of permethrin ITN, the kdr mutation increased the blood-feeding success of mosquitoes. Exposure to the two types of pyrethroid-treated nets reduced feeding duration, prediuresis duration and blood meal size of all three genotypes. Our study demonstrates a complex interaction between insecticide exposure and the kdr mutation on the biting behavior of mosquitoes, which may substantially impact malaria vector fitness and disease transmission.

scholarly journals Motility precedes egress of malaria parasites from oocysts

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Klug ◽  
Friedrich Frischknecht
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Anopheles Mosquito ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Vital Component

Malaria is transmitted when an infected Anopheles mosquito deposits Plasmodium sporozoites in the skin during a bite. Sporozoites are formed within oocysts at the mosquito midgut wall and are released into the hemolymph, from where they invade the salivary glands and are subsequently transmitted to the vertebrate host. We found that a thrombospondin-repeat containing sporozoite-specific protein named thrombospondin-releated protein 1 (TRP1) is important for oocyst egress and salivary gland invasion, and hence for the transmission of malaria. We imaged the release of sporozoites from oocysts in situ, which was preceded by active motility. Parasites lacking TRP1 failed to migrate within oocysts and did not egress, suggesting that TRP1 is a vital component of the events that precede intra-oocyst motility and subsequently sporozoite egress and salivary gland invasion.

Plasmodium vivax: gametocyte infectivity of naturally infected Thai adults

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetsumon Sattabongkot ◽  
Nongnuj Maneechai ◽  
Ronald Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Gametocyte Density ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mosquito Infection

SUMMARYUp to 200 laboratory rearedAnopheles dirusmosquitoes were fed on each of 496 symptomatic Thai men who had patent, naturally acquiredPlasmodium vivaxgametocytaemia. Mean gametocyte densities were 455/mm3(range: 0–3281), geometric mean oocyst number was 9 (0–142), mean frequency of infection was 43% (0–100%), and mean sporozoite number in salivary glands was 9525 (0–285 000). There was little relation between gametocyte density and either oocyst number or frequency of mosquito infection. There were, however, statistically strong positive correlations between oocyst numbers and frequency of infection, and between number of oocysts and number of salivary gland sporozoites. The data suggest that each oocyst contributed about 850 sporozoites to a gland infection.

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