Influence of Relative Molecular Mass of SBS on Low-Temperature Performance of Modified Asphalt

Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) is widely used in pavements because it significantly improves the performance of the modified asphalt. The dosage of SBS has an important effect on the low-temperature performance of the modified asphalt. The difference in relative molecular weight influences the magnitude of the change in low-temperature performance. In this paper, low temperature bending beams rheology test of five different relative molecular weight SBS modified asphalt is conducted at -12°C, -18°C and -24°C to evaluate the low-temperature properties of modified asphalt. Then, the experimental results are analysed. The results show that there is a certain correlation between the relative molecular mass of SBS and the low-temperature performance of modified asphalt. The creep stiffness and creep rate of the modified asphalt are influenced by the relative molecular mass of SBS and temperature. As the relative molecular mass increases, the low-temperature performance of the modified asphalt first rises and then decreases.

PLGA Coatings and PLGA Drug-Loading Coatings for Cardiac Stent Samples: Degradation Characteristics and Blood Compatibility

PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) and PLGA drug-loading coatings were prepared on 316 L stainless steel by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). The surface morphology, three-dimensional morphology, and crystal structures of the coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal properties, molecular weight, and coating composition were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and NMR. The degradation behaviors of the coatings were studied by mass changes, relative molecular mass and distributions, polymer compositions, thermal properties, and surface morphologies. The blood compatibilities of the coatings were investigated by platelet adhesion testing and dynamic coagulation times. SEM results indicated the drug-loading coating with 33% RAPA had the smoothest and most compact morphology. Addition of RAPA decreased the Tg of the PLGA coating, accompanied by partial crystallization that slowed the degradation rate of the drug-loaded coating. Microscopically, the morphology of the PLGA drug-loaded coating was coarser than the PLGA coating. The average surface roughness values of line and surface scannings were 16.232 nm and 39.538 nm, respectively. The surface of the drug-loading coating was micro uneven, and the macro smooth and micro multiphase separation structure helped improve its blood compatibility.

Study on the Synthesis Technology of High Molecular Weight Hydrophilic Polyether

KOH is used as a catalyst. The synthesis of a high molecular weight (relative molecular mass) hydrophilic polyether was carried out. One is to synthesize 1000 molecular weight (relative molecular mass) from the initiator, and then directly synthesize the product (original production process), and then carry out refining treatment by pipetting; the other is to synthesize 1000 molecular weight from the initiator. Molecular mass), further processing in the subsequent synthesis, when the molecular weight reaches 4000 (relative molecular mass), the curing degassing treatment is carried out, and after completion, the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is continuously continued to synthesize the product (new production process) ), the synthesis is finished, and after aging, the liquid is pipetted to be refined. The results show that the quality of the new process product is improved, the yield of hydrophilic polyether is improved, and the waterproof effect is improved to 25%; the molecular weight of the old process is not up to the designed molecular weight, and the yield of hydrophilic polyether is lower and the waterproof application effect is less than 25%.

A New Lectin from Auricularia auricula Inhibited the Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells and Improved Pulmonary Flora

Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. A. auricula contains many active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, melanin, flavonoids, adenosine, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenes. In this study, we expected to isolate and purify lectin from A. auricula, determine the glycoside bond type and sugar-specific protein of A. auricula lectin (AAL), and finally, determine its antitumor activities. We used ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to separate and purify lectin from A. auricula. The result was a 25 kDa AAL with a relative molecular mass of 18913.22. Protein identification results suggested that this lectin contained four peptide chains by comparing with the UniProt database. The FT-IR and β-elimination reaction demonstrated that the connection between the oligosaccharide and polypeptide of AAL was an N-glucoside bond. Analyses of its physical and chemical properties showed that AAL was a temperature-sensitive and acidic/alkaline-dependent glycoprotein. Additionally, the anticancer experiment manifested that AAL inhibited the proliferation of A549, and the I C 50 value was 28.19 ± 1.92 μ g / mL . RNA sequencing dataset analyses detected that AAL may regulate the expression of JUN, TLR4, and MYD88 to suppress tumor proliferation. Through the pulmonary flora analysis, the bacterial structure of each phylum in the lectin treatment group was more reasonable, and the colonization ability of the normal microflora was improved, indicating that lectin treatment could significantly improve the bacterial diversity characteristics.

Glycosaminoglycans: From Vascular Physiology to Tissue Engineering Applications

Cardiovascular diseases represent the number one cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis a major contributor. Despite the clinical need for functional arterial substitutes, success has been limited to arterial replacements of large-caliber vessels (diameter > 6 mm), leaving the bulk of demand unmet. In this respect, one of the most challenging goals in tissue engineering is to design a “bioactive” resorbable scaffold, analogous to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), able to guide the process of vascular tissue regeneration. Besides adequate mechanical properties to sustain the hemodynamic flow forces, scaffold’s properties should include biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability with non-toxic products, low inflammatory/thrombotic potential, porosity, and a specific combination of molecular signals allowing vascular cells to attach, proliferate and synthesize their own ECM. Different fabrication methods, such as phase separation, self-assembly and electrospinning are currently used to obtain nanofibrous scaffolds with a well-organized architecture and mechanical properties suitable for vascular tissue regeneration. However, several studies have shown that naked scaffolds, although fabricated with biocompatible polymers, represent a poor substrate to be populated by vascular cells. In this respect, surface functionalization with bioactive natural molecules, such as collagen, elastin, fibrinogen, silk fibroin, alginate, chitosan, dextran, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and growth factors has proven to be effective. GAGs are complex anionic unbranched heteropolysaccharides that represent major structural and functional ECM components of connective tissues. GAGs are very heterogeneous in terms of type of repeating disaccharide unit, relative molecular mass, charge density, degree and pattern of sulfation, degree of epimerization and physicochemical properties. These molecules participate in a number of vascular events such as the regulation of vascular permeability, lipid metabolism, hemostasis, and thrombosis, but also interact with vascular cells, growth factors, and cytokines to modulate cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The primary goal of this review is to perform a critical analysis of the last twenty-years of literature in which GAGs have been used as molecular cues, able to guide the processes leading to correct endothelialization and neo-artery formation, as well as to provide readers with an overall picture of their potential as functional molecules for small-diameter vascular regeneration.

Western Blot Analysis to Detect Cross-reaction in Toxocara vitulorum Protein with Anti-Mecistocirrus digitatus Serum

Worm infections are found in livestock and can be transmitted to humans. Toxocara vitulorum is a worm species which commonly infected people. Cross-reaction among worms can generate false positive to establish helminthiasis diagnosis through antibody inspection. This study aimed to determine specific proteins that caused cross-reaction between Toxocara vitulorum antigen and anti-M. digitatus serum by using the western blot technique. In the present study, the whole worms extracted of T. vitulorum and M. digitatus have been used to make polyclonal antibodies from M. digitatus with Wistar rats as hosts. The cross-reaction between whole worm extract of T. vitulorum protein and anti-M. digitatus serum obtained 12 protein bands that each relative molecular mass (Mr) valued of 176, 124, 92, 68, 59, 47, 31, 29, 26, 16, 12, and 10 kDa. Cross-reaction occurred between T. vitulorum protein and anti-M. digitatus.

Analysis of Main Components in Jujube and Mulberry Extracts by High-Sensitive HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS

In order to comprehensively reflect the cigarette quality, a method combining direct injection of diluted sample with high sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- electrospray (ESI)- quadrupole (Q)- time of flight (TOF)- tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for the identification of major components of cigarette essences (jujube and mulberry extracts). Based on the observed relative molecular mass, MS/MS fragmentation behavior, MS/MS database and related literatures, the components of the jujube extract and mulberry extract were identified. The result shows that the composition of jujube extract and mulberry extract has some similarity. They all mainly contain amino acids, free amino compounds and Maillard reaction products, which are the main constituents of a cigarette essence.

Characterization of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Roots and their effects on antioxidant activity and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells

This work presents an investigation on the composition and structure of polysaccharides from the roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THP) and its associated antioxidant activity. It further explores the protective effect of THP on RAW264.7 cells against cytotoxicity induced by H2O2. Ion chromatography (IC) revealed that THP contained glucose, arabinose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose and galacturonic acid, in different molar ratios. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS) was employed to deduce the relative molecular mass (Mw) of the polysaccharide, which was 177.1 ± 1.8 kDa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Congo red binding assay highlighted that the THP had a steady α-triple helix conformation. Similarly, assays of antioxidant activity disclosed that THP had reasonable concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities, peroxidation inhibition ability and ferrous ion chelating potency, in addition to a significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. Moreover, THP could protect RAW264.7 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing intracellular ROS levels, reducing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Data retrieved from the in vitro models explicitly established the antioxidant capability of polysaccharides from T. hemsleyanum root extracts.

Multi-omics Comparative Analysis of Streptomyces Mutants Obtained by Iterative Atmosphere and Room-Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis

Sponges, the most primitive multicellular animals, contain a large number of unique microbial communities. Sponge-associated microorganisms, particularly actinomyces, have the potential to produce diverse active natural products. However, a large number of silent secondary metabolic gene clusters have failed to be revived under laboratory culture conditions. In this study, iterative atmospheric room-temperature plasma. (ARTP) mutagenesis coupled with multi-omics conjoint analysis was adopted to activate the inactive wild Streptomyces strain. The desirable exposure time employed in this study was 75 s to obtain the appropriate lethality rate (94%) and mutation positive rate (40.94%). After three iterations of ARTP mutagenesis, the proportion of mutants exhibiting antibacterial activities significantly increased by 75%. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that the differential gene expression levels of encoding type I lasso peptide aborycin had a significant upward trend in active mutants compared with wild-type strains, which was confirmed by LC-MS results with a relative molecular mass of 1082.43 ([M + 2H]2+ at m/z = 2164.86). Moreover, metabolome comparative analysis of the mutant and wild-type strains showed that four spectra or mass peaks presented obvious differences in terms of the total ion count or extracting ion current profiles with each peak corresponding to a specific compound exhibiting moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive indicators. Taken together, our data suggest that the ARTP treatment method coupled with multi-omics profiling analysis could be used to estimate the valid active molecules of metabolites from microbial crudes without requiring a time-consuming isolation process.

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES-AAKASHMONI WILL BE THE BEST VACCINE AGAINST COVID-19: ENRICHING AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATION MECHANISM APPLICATION ISSUES!

Still now, no effective vaccine or treatment for the fifth endemic novel coronavirus COVID-19, forming endemic, is analogous to war, affecting our normal-, private- and professional- life, the planet economy, and also the communities. It is reported from the previous experiments, the homeopathic biomedicines; Aakashmoni or Acaciasides, or Acacia auriculiformis-extract, is being employed traditionally to beat various medical complications. Present pretreatment with ultra-high-diluted homeopathic biomedicine-Aakashmoni, prepared from the fruits of acacia A. Cunn, mixed with water at a particularly low dose, were applied by foliar spray once daily for 15 days @ 10 ml/plant, against present, root-knot-, leaf spot-, powdery mildew-, mosaic- and tukra- mulberry diseases, during a field trials and silkworms rearing. Pretreatment- investigations have confirmed that ultra-high-diluted homeopathic biomedicine Aakashmoni highly effective in ameliorating different mulberry diseases by inducing their natural defense-response against pathogens-infection and leaving no residual toxicity within the leaves to affect the expansion of silkworms also. Presently, no appropriate antiviral drugs are discovered to treat COVID-19. So, to concur matters, “Four Confirmed-Suggestions for Vaccine and Clinical Trials with Homeopathic Biomedicines-Aakashmoni at an especially low dose, Against COVID-19 at by Boosting system for the development of Science and Technology Communication Mechanism Application Issues” forming the ‘Best Vaccine’, which not only shows the clinical, physical, chemical, biological and physiological effects but also on relative molecular mass, explaining the confirmation of mechanism and action of the homeopathic medicines supported scientific experimentations and proofs, and also the future clinical-scientists develop all aspects of clinical-case-reports globally by publishing with the sincere hope that the crisis of human civilization will soon be over and also the whole world may retain in normal forms by fighting against the COVID-19 war.