USE OF LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR ASSOCIATED WITH ERGOTAMINE RESULTING IN FOOT AMPUTATION: BRIEF COMMUNICATION

A 32-year-old female, was diagnosed in 2004 with a C1 HIV1 infection, using zidovudine/lamivudine 300/150 mg BID and lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg BID, in addition to prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 800/160 mg QD, but no prophylaxis with macrolide antibiotics. The patient presented with a severe headache and was prescribed two capsules of the anti-migraine drug Ormigrein™, which contained ergotamine tartrate 1 mg, caffeine 100 mg, paracetamol 220 mg, hyoscyamine sulfate 87.5 mcg, and atropine sulfate 12.5 mcg. Afterwards she was prescribed one capsule of Ormigrein every 30 minutes for a total of six capsules a day. The patient took the medication as prescribed but developed a pain in her left ankle three days later, which evolved to the need for amputation.

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Chronic Laser Exposure Effects on Rabbit Retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093523 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

Burton B. Silver ◽

Theodore Lawwill

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Laser Light ◽

Broad Band ◽

Argon Laser ◽

Atropine Sulfate ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Laser Exposure ◽

Rabbit Retina ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Threshold Doses

Dutch-belted 1 to 2.5 kg anesthetized rabbits were exposed to either xenon or argon laser light administered in a broad band, designed to cover large areas of the retina. For laser exposure, the pupil was dilated with atropine sulfate 1% and pheny lephrine 10%. All of the laser generated power was within a band centered at 5145.0 Anstroms. Established threshold for 4 hour exposures to laser irradiation are in the order of 25-35 microwatts/cm2. Animals examined for ultrastructural changes received 4 hour threshold doses. These animals exhibited ERG, opthalmascopic, and histological changes consistent with threshold damage.One month following exposure the rabbits were killed with pentobarbitol. The eyes were immediately enucleated and dissected while bathed in 3% phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde.

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Pimozide (Orap) contraindicated with clarithromycin (Biaxin) and other macrolide antibiotics

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e339442004-003 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Macrolide Antibiotics

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Evidence for truncated somatostatin receptor 5 modulation of therapy response to somatostatin analogues in two patients with acromegaly and severe headache

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.35.p877 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Djordje Marina ◽

Pia Burman Burman ◽

Marianne Klose ◽

Olivera Casar-Borota ◽

Raul M Luque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatostatin Receptor ◽

Therapy Response ◽

Somatostatin Analogues ◽

Severe Headache

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A Review: Effects of Macrolides on CYP450 Enzymes

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200817113920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 928-937

Author(s):

Liyun Zhang ◽

Xiaoqing Xu ◽

Sara Badawy ◽

Awais Ihsan ◽

Zhenli Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Macrolide Antibiotic ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽

Rational Use ◽

Animal Origin Food ◽

Endogenous Substances ◽

Exogenous Substances

: As a kind of haemoglobin, cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) participate in the metabolism of many substances, including endogenous substances, exogenous substances and drugs. It is estimated that 60% of common prescription drugs require bioconversion through CYP450. The influence of macrolides on CYP450 contributes to the metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of macrolides. At present, most studies on the effects of macrolides on CYP450 are focused on CYP3A, but a few exist on other enzymes and drug combinations, such as telithromycin, which can decrease the activity of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A2. This article summarizes some published applications of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of macrolides caused by CYP450. And the article may subsequently guide the rational use of drugs in clinical trials. To a certain extent, poisoning caused by adverse drug interactions can be avoided. Unreasonable use of macrolide antibiotics may enable the presence of residue of macrolide antibiotics in animal-origin food. It is unhealthy for people to eat food with macrolide antibiotic residues. So it is of great significance to guarantee food safety and protect the health of consumers by the rational use of macrolides. This review gives a detailed description of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of macrolides caused by CYP450. Moreover, it offers a perspective for researchers to further explore in this area.

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Chemistry and Biology of the Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics

Bacteriological Reviews ◽

10.1128/mmbr.37.3.407-407.1973 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 407-407

Keyword(s):

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Polyene Macrolide ◽

Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics

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Considerations for and Mechanisms of Adjunct Therapy in COPD

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1225

Author(s):

Rachana Mandru ◽

Christine Y. Zhou ◽

Rachel Pauley ◽

Robert M. Burkes

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Review Article ◽

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Oral Corticosteroids ◽

Expert Recommendations

Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids, when indicated, form the backbone of COPD therapy. However, over the last decade there has been an emergence of adjunct therapies in oral or inhaled form that are now part of the therapeutic approach to COPD. While these therapies have shown to be beneficial when used in the appropriate instances, there are particular considerations that need to be minded when using these therapies. This review article discussed the mechanism of roflumilast, macrolide antibiotics, other chronic antibiotic regimens, vitamin D supplementation, oral corticosteroids, n-acetylcysteine, and nebulized hypertonic saline, the clinical data behind each of these therapies, adverse events associated with therapy, and the expert recommendations for their utilization. Our goal is to provide a brief but informative and clinically useful review of commonly encountered therapies used in advanced COPD.

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Context-specific action of macrolide antibiotics on the eukaryotic ribosome

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23068-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maxim S. Svetlov ◽

Timm O. Koller ◽

Sezen Meydan ◽

Vaishnavi Shankar ◽

Dorota Klepacki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Single Mutation ◽

Sequence Motifs ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Eukaryotic Ribosome ◽

Cellular Translation ◽

Distinct Sequence ◽

Exit Tunnel ◽

Context Specific

AbstractMacrolide antibiotics bind in the nascent peptide exit tunnel of the bacterial ribosome and prevent polymerization of specific amino acid sequences, selectively inhibiting translation of a subset of proteins. Because preventing translation of individual proteins could be beneficial for the treatment of human diseases, we asked whether macrolides, if bound to the eukaryotic ribosome, would retain their context- and protein-specific action. By introducing a single mutation in rRNA, we rendered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells sensitive to macrolides. Cryo-EM structural analysis showed that the macrolide telithromycin binds in the tunnel of the engineered eukaryotic ribosome. Genome-wide analysis of cellular translation and biochemical studies demonstrated that the drug inhibits eukaryotic translation by preferentially stalling ribosomes at distinct sequence motifs. Context-specific action markedly depends on the macrolide structure. Eliminating macrolide-arrest motifs from a protein renders its translation macrolide-tolerant. Our data illuminate the prospects of adapting macrolides for protein-selective translation inhibition in eukaryotic cells.

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