INFLUENZA VIRUS SURVEILLANCE BY THE INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ, INFLUENZA SEASON 2014: ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE

The influenza season 2008-9 started in week 49 of 2008 and is so far characterised by influenza virus type A subtype H3N2. Isolates of this subtype that were tested proved susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors, but resistant to M2 inhibitors. The circulating A(H3N2) viruses are antigenically similar to the component in the current northern hemisphere influenza vaccine.

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Influenza Virus Surveillance, Vaccine Strain Selection, and Manufacture

Methods in Molecular Biology - Influenza Virus ◽

10.1007/978-1-61779-621-0_9 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 147-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Klaus Stöhr ◽

Doris Bucher ◽

Tony Colgate ◽

John Wood

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Strain Selection ◽

Virus Surveillance

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The Geographic Variation of Surveillance and Zoonotic Spillover Potential of Influenza Viruses in Domestic Poultry and Swine

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathryn A Berger ◽

David M Pigott ◽

Francesca Tomlinson ◽

David Godding ◽

Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Geographic Variation ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Virus Surveillance ◽

Domestic Poultry ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Virus Emergence

Abstract Background Avian and swine influenza viruses circulate worldwide and pose threats to both animal and human health. The design of global surveillance strategies is hindered by information gaps on the geospatial variation in virus emergence potential and existing surveillance efforts. Methods We developed a spatial framework to quantify the geographic variation in outbreak emergence potential based on indices of potential for animal-to-human and secondary human-to-human transmission. We then compared our resultant raster model of variation in emergence potential with the global distribution of recent surveillance efforts from 359105 reports of surveillance activities. Results Our framework identified regions of Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, and sub-Saharan Africa with high potential for influenza virus spillover. In the last 15 years, however, we found that 78.43% and 49.01% of high-risk areas lacked evidence of influenza virus surveillance in swine and domestic poultry, respectively. Conclusions Our work highlights priority areas where improved surveillance and outbreak mitigation could enhance pandemic preparedness strategies.

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Risk factors for avian influenza virus contamination of live poultry markets in Zhejiang, China during the 2015–2016 human influenza season

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep42722 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiaoxiao Wang ◽

Qimei Wang ◽

Wei Cheng ◽

Zhao Yu ◽

Feng Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza Season ◽

Human Influenza ◽

Virus Contamination ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

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Presence of Influenza Virus on Touch Surfaces in Kindergartens and Primary Schools

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (8) ◽

pp. 1329-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Whui Fong ◽

Nancy H L Leung ◽

Jingyi Xiao ◽

Daniel K W Chu ◽

Samuel M S Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Potential Role ◽

Influenza Season ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Viral Rna ◽

Potential Risks

Abstract Backgrounds Influenza virus can survive on some surfaces, facilitating indirect person-to-person transmission. Methods We collected swab samples weekly from commonly touched surfaces in 7 kindergartens and primary schools during the 2017/2018 winter influenza season in Hong Kong. Results We detected influenza virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in 12 of 1352 samples (<1%) collected from 7 of 11 classrooms (5 to 2 × 106 RNA copies/mL). Viral RNA was more frequently recovered from communal items inside classrooms such as bookshelves and doorknobs. Conclusions Surface contamination indicates the potential role of fomites in influenza virus transmission in schools. Communal items inside classrooms may cause greater potential risks of transmission during influenza epidemics.

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Influenza Virus: Small Molecule Therapeutics and Mechanisms of Antiviral Resistance

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170920165926 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (38) ◽

pp. 5115-5127 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Julianna Han ◽

Jasmine Perez ◽

Adam Schafer ◽

Han Cheng ◽

Norton Peet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Small Molecule ◽

Virus Disease ◽

The Elderly ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Antiviral Resistance ◽

Novel Therapeutics ◽

Seasonal Epidemics ◽

Small Molecule Therapeutics

Background: Influenza viruses cause severe upper respiratory illness in children and the elderly during seasonal epidemics. Influenza viruses from zoonotic reservoirs can also cause pandemics with significant loss of life in all age groups. Although vaccination is one of the most effective methods to protect against seasonal epidemics, seasonal vaccines vary in efficacy, can be ineffective in the elderly population, and do not provide protection against novel strains. Small molecule therapeutics are a critical part of our antiviral strategies to control influenza virus epidemics and pandemics as well as to ameliorate disease in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Objective: This review aims to summarize the existing antiviral strategies for combating influenza viruses, the mechanisms of antiviral resistance for available drugs, and novel therapeutics currently in development. Methods: We systematically evaluated and synthesized the published scientific literature for mechanistic detail into therapeutic strategies against influenza viruses. Results: Current IAV strains have developed resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and nearly complete resistance to M2 ion channel inhibitors, exacerbated by sub-therapeutic dosing used for treatment and chemoprophylaxis. New tactics include novel therapeutics targeting host components and combination therapy, which show potential for fighting influenza virus disease while minimizing viral resistance. Conclusion: Antiviral drugs are crucial for controlling influenza virus disease burden, but their efficacy is limited by human misuse and the capacity of influenza viruses to circumvent antiviral barriers. To relieve the public health hardship of influenza virus, emerging therapies must be selected for their capacity to impede not only influenza virus disease, but also the development of antiviral resistance.

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