Transport of broilers: load microclimate during Brazilian summer

The objective of this study was to characterize the microclimatic profile of broiler transport trucks under commercial conditions, in the summer, by continuous monitoring of environmental variables (temperature and air relative humidity). Three loads were monitored from farm to slaughterhouse, considering factors such as distance and day periods (morning, afternoon, and night). To obtain the profile of the environmental variables during journey, data loggers, that determined the microclimate to which birds were submitted, were installed in the trucks; data loggers also allowed visualization of the Enthalpy Comfort Index (ECI) so that load regions could be classified according to heat comfort limits for 6-week old poultries. Temperature, relative humidity, and ECI in the truck were analyzed, using geostatistics, by the ordinary kriging method. The afternoon was the most critical period, and truck central and rear regions were most problematic for chickens, thus most susceptible to losses.

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An Automated Data Logger for Simultaneously Recording Amphibian Vocalizations with Weather Variables

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc100117 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. D. Meek

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Barometric Pressure ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Data Logger ◽

Weather Variables ◽

Multiple Factors ◽

Calling Behaviour ◽

Data Loggers

Understanding the environmental triggers for the calling behaviour of fauna is an important element of biological and ecological knowledge necessary for devising better monitoring and management strategies for wildlife. Amphibians calling is seasonal and in Australia, mostly limited to Spring-Summer (October-March). An investigation was instigated following numerous records of the Sphagnum Frog Philoria sphagnicola calling during periods outside (July) of the standard survey season (August-December). In response to this observation, a data logger was designed and programmed to detect only the calls of P. sphagnicola. At hourly intervals, the data logger recorded the number of frog calls, mean ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, water temperature and barometric pressure. This device differs from data loggers used in other anuran studies in its capacity to record only those calls of the species that it is programmed to detect. Furthermore, the data logger simultaneously records vital environmental variables that are important in trying to decipher the single or multiple factors that may stimulate calling behaviour.

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Prediction concentration of PM2.5 in Surabaya using ordinary Kriging method

10.1063/5.0042284 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Derbi W. Fitri ◽

Nurul Afifah ◽

Siti M. D. Anggarani ◽

Nur Chamidah

Keyword(s):

Ordinary Kriging ◽

Kriging Method

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Thermal comfort index in lactating cows in an adapted free-stall facility

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v11n420191371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

João Marcos de Carvalho Vasconcelos ◽

Sindynara Ferreira ◽

Elisa De Souza Junqueira Rezende ◽

José Luiz de Andrade Rezende Pereira

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Black And White ◽

Comfort Index ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Comfort Indices

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulation of Holstein cattle in an adapted free-stall facility at IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes, by measuring thermal comfort indices. The experimental period was from the end of December 2012 to the start of January 2013, in a total of 16 days. 12 multiparous, lactating, black-and-white Holstein cows were used in a free-stall system. Rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 3:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. The results demonstrate that despite the temporal variations that occurred throughout the evaluation days, the confined animals maintained their body temperature in balance.

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Spatial Interpolation on Rainfall Data over Peninsular Malaysia Using Ordinary Kriging

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v63.1912 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suhaila Jamaludin ◽

Hanisah Suhaimi

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Ordinary Kriging ◽

Spatial Interpolation ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Rainfall Data ◽

Kriging Method ◽

Intensity Index ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Two Indices

This study presents the spatial analysis of the rainfall data over Peninsular Malaysia. 70 rainfall stations were utilized in this study. Due to the limited number of rainfall stations, the Ordinary Kriging method which is one of the techniques in Spatial Interpolation was used to estimate the values of the rainfall data and to map their spatial distribution. This spatial analysis was analysed according to the two indices that describe the wet events and another two indices that characterize dry conditions. Large areas at the east experienced high rainfall intensity compared to the areas in the west, northwest and southwest. The small value that has been obtained in Aridity Intensity Index (AII) reflects that the high amount of rainfall in the eastern areas is not contributed by low-intensity events (less than 25th percentile). In terms of number of consecutive dry days, Northwestern areas in Peninsular Malaysia recorded the highest value. This finding explains the occurrence of a large number of floods and soil erosions in the eastern areas.

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Review of the Kriging Technique Applications to Groundwater Quality

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2021.12.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Hayat Azawi ◽

May Samir Saleh

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Quality Indicator ◽

Ordinary Kriging ◽

Indicator Kriging ◽

Disjunctive Kriging ◽

Kriging Method ◽

Lognormal Kriging ◽

Groundwater Contaminants ◽

Simple Kriging

Kriging, a geostatistical technique, has been used for many years to evaluate groundwater quality. The best estimation data for unsampled points were determined by using this method depending on measured variables for an area. The groundwater contaminants assessment worldwide was found through many kriging methods. The present paper shows a review of the most known methods of kriging that were used in estimating and mapping the groundwater quality. Indicator kriging, simple kriging, cokriging, ordinary kriging, disjunctive kriging and lognormal kriging are the most used techniques. In addition, the concept of the disjunctive kriging method was explained in this work to be easily understood.

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Hygrothermal Analysis of Masonry Wall with Reed Boards as Interior Insulation System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13205252 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 5252

Author(s):

Kadri Keskküla ◽

Tambet Aru ◽

Mihkel Kiviste ◽

Martti-Jaan Miljan

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Masonry Wall ◽

Insulation System ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Heating Cable ◽

First Case ◽

Data Loggers ◽

Insulation Systems ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

Hygrothermal Analysis

When the masonry walls of buildings under heritage protection need to be restored and thermally improved, the only option is to use an interior insulation system. This is also the riskiest method of insulating walls in cold climates. Capillary active interior insulation systems have been proven to be the most reliable, minimizing the risk of mold growth and decay caused by condensation. They have also been proven to be less risky in wind-driven rain. The building studied is situated in a heritage-conservation area in downtown Tartu, Estonia, and therefore cannot be insulated from the exterior. This paper compares the hygrothermal performance of four different interior insulation systems with and without a heating cable and vapor barrier. In the first case, Isover Vario KM Duplex UV was placed between reed panels. In the second case, reed panels were used without the vapor barrier. Data loggers were applied between the reed panels and the original wall and inside the room to measure temperature and relative humidity in one-hour intervals. Exterior temperature and relative humidity values were taken from the Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Technology weather service station. In addition to the measurements taken in the case study building, calculations were made using heat-air-moisture (HAM) Delphin software to simulate the situation. The use of a smart vapor retarder (Isover Vario KM Duplex UV) with reed panels in the interior insulation system reduced the relative humidity level inside the wall. The vapor retarder improved the drying-potential compared to the interior insulation system without the vapor barrier.

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