Application of Plant Growth Regulators to Stipa krylovii in the Xilin Gol Grassland

ABSTRACT: Plant growth regulators are an immense group of substances that have the ability to alter growth pattern of plants and can be used for improving plant growth and productivity. A study was conducted in the Xilin Gol grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, to ascertain the growth and biomass production of Stipa krylovii in response to exogenous application of different growth regulators at various concentrations viz. naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), brassinosteroid (BR), sodium nitrophenolate (SNP) and forchlorfenuron, and gibberellic acid (GA3). Application of growth regulators significantly enhanced the growth and biomass production of S. krylovii. The height of vegetative shoot was enhanced mostly by the application of 100 mg L-1 GA3, while, height of reproductive shoot was increased by 25 mg L-1 6-BA, 100 mg L-1 SNP + 5 mg L-1 forchlorfenuron and 50 mg L-1 SNP + 2.5 mg L-1 forchlorfenuron as compared to control. Fresh biomass was enhanced by the application of 0.02 mg L-1 BR, 10 mg L-1 SNP + 0.5 mg L-1 forchlorfenuron and 50 mg L-1 SNP + 2.5 mg L-1 forchlorfenuron. Application of 5 mg L-1 6-BA and 50 mg L-1 SNP + 2.5 mg L-1 forchlorfenuron proved to be more beneficial in improving dry biomass of S. krylovii, as compared to control. In conclusion, exogenous application of different growth regulators improved growth and biomass production of S. krylovii. Furthermore, application of SNP + forchlorfenuron and 6-BA was more effective.

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VERSATILE ROLE OF AUXIN AND ITS CROSSTALK WITH OTHER PLANT HORMONES TO REGULATE PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hammad Ishtiaq ◽

Savita Bhardwaj ◽

Aaliya Ashraf ◽

Dhriti Kapoor

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Plant Hormones ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Cellular Processes

Plant growth regulators are significant chemical compounds which are synthesized inside the plant cells and play vital role in plant growth and development. Such compounds are usually active at very low concentrations. These plant growth regulators act as a signalling molecule, which influences the growth of plants. Throughout the previous year’s remarkable investigation have been done for understanding the synthesis of auxin and its effect on various physiological progressions. Auxin is a plant hormone that is involved in various physiological activities, including basic cellular processes such as cell enlargement, regulation of the cell cycle and distinction progress. Plants and several other microorganisms together produce auxin in order to carry out their cell cycle. The chemically synthesized auxins like NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (Indole- butyric acid), also take part in various cellular processes. Against various types of biotic and abiotic stress conditions, these plant hormones significantly contribute in promoting acclimatization and adaptation in combination with other phytohormones. The present review highlights some of the important features of auxin role in regulation of plant growth either alone or in crosstalk with other plant hormones.

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Plant Growth Regulators Improve the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Two Rose Varieties

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8020035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Manjree Agarwal ◽

Jeong Oh Yang ◽

Muslim Abdulhussein ◽

Xin Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Three Phase ◽

Volatile Organic

The study focused on the influence of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) benzyladenine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the flowers of two modern rose varieties, Hybrid Tea and Floribunda. Thirty-six plants of Hybrid Tea and Floribunda were tested. Benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid were applied at 0, 100 and 200 mg/L to both rose varieties. Gas chromatography, coupled with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry, was used to analyze and identify the volatile organic compounds from the flowers. A three-phase fiber 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane was used to capture VOCs, at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, and 4 weeks was selected as it had the highest peak area. In total, 81 and 76 VOCs were detected after treatment of both rose varieties with BA and NAA, respectively. In addition, 20 compounds, which had significant differences between different treatments, were identified from both rose varieties. The majority of VOCs were extracted after the application of 200 mg (BA and NAA) /L of formulation, and four important compounds, cis-muurola-4(141)5-diene, y-candinene, y-muurolene and prenyl acetate, increased significantly compared to the controls. These compounds are commercially important aroma chemicals. This study used the rapid and solvent-free SPME method to show that BA and NAA treatments can result in significant VOC production in the flowers of two rose varieties, enhancing the aromatic value of the flowers. This method has the potential to be applied to other valuable aromatic floricultural plant species.

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Phytohormones Influence on the In-Vitro Regeneration of Saccharum Officinarum L. from Apical Meristem Culture

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v5i2.4885 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ejiroghene Felix Lawyer ◽

Z. O. Jamaleddine ◽

P. T. Lyam ◽

I. T. Borokini ◽

A. A. Adedeji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Root Induction ◽

Indole Butyric Acid

Growth regulators especially auxins and cytokinins are critical for plant in-vitro regeneration. The effect of these plant growth regulators on in-vitro propagation of Saccharum officinarum L (Sugarcane) was investigated. In vitro response of two different varieties of sugarcane (NCS 005 and NCS 008) to Plant Growth Regulators was obtained in this study. Formation of buds was obtained on shoot apical meristem when cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). After two weeks of initiation, regenerated meristem was inoculated into MS (Murashige and Skoog) fortified with different concentrations and combination of cytokinins. Shoot multiplication was optimal on 0.5mg/l BAP + 0.25 mg/l Kin(Kinetin) for NCS 005 variety while for NCS 008 variety, no significant (P≥0.05) difference was observed between 1.5mg/l BAP and 1.5mg/l BAP +0.5mg/l Kin. The best root induction for in vitro derived shoots was obtained on 1.0 mg/l NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) and 2.0 mg/l IBA( Indole butyric acid) for both varieties of sugarcane within ten days of culture transfer. Successfully established plantlets showed excellent growth response when weaned under regulated green house conditions.

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Hypoxis hemerocallidea cormlet production in response to corm cutting and exogenous application of plant growth regulators

Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s13580-020-00269-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 939-948

Author(s):

Motiki Meshack Mofokeng ◽

Hintsa Tesfamicael Araya ◽

Stephen Oluwaseun Amoo ◽

Christian Phillipus du Plooy ◽

Phatu William Mashela

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Hypoxis Hemerocallidea

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Impact of Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield Contributing Attributes of Summer Tomato

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2018/43935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Md. Elias Hossain ◽

Ruhul Amin ◽

Md. Nasir Hossain Sani ◽

Kamal Uddin Ahamed ◽

Md. Tofail Hosain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Exogenous Application

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Effect of the combination of NAA, kinetin and sucrose on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43861 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 170-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hernando Criollo ◽

Margarita Perea ◽

Mariano Toribio ◽

Johanna Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Plant Propagation ◽

Cotyledonary Leaf

Lulo is a species of great importance to the fruticulture of Colombia, but has significant phytosanitary problems that require an aggressive breeding program oriented toward the production of genotypes with tolerance to phytopathogens. These programs need to establish highly efficient mass plant propagation protocols, such as somatic embryogenesis. This study focused on research on the somatic embryogenesis of lulo using kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid-NAA (Plant Growth Regulators, PGRs), and different sucrose concentrations in a MS medium. Two lulo varieties, Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale and S. quitoense var. quitoense, and two explant types (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were used, incubated in dark conditions at 25±2°C. The highest production percentage of the embryos was obtained when 50 mM of NAA were added to the medium with sucrose (50.0 and 263.1 mM) for the two explant types used. In lulo with spines, the highest percentage of embryonic structures (50%) was observed with cotyledonary leaf explants and 50 mM of NAA ; while in the spineless lulo, the embryonic structures were observed in the same type of explant with 50 mM of NAA + 263.1 mM of sucrose (32%).

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Effects of plant growth regulators on transient expression of foreign gene in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves

Bioresources and Bioprocessing ◽

10.1186/s40643-021-00480-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Min Sun ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Yue-Jing Zhang ◽

Xiao-Wei Da ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Green Fluorescent Protein ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Transient Expression ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Green Fluorescent

Abstract Background In the last decades, replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus have been widely used for enhancing the efficiency of plant transient expression. By using the replicating expression vector derived from bean yellow dwarf virus and green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we investigated the effects of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine, as three common plant growth regulators, on the plant biomass and efficiency of transient expression during the process of transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves. Results With the increase of the concentration of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine (from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/L), the fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the seedlings increased first and then returned to the levels similar to the controls (without chemical treatment). The treatment with α-naphthalene acetic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.4 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and was increased about by 19%, compared to the controls. Gibberellins3 at 0.1–0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.2 mg/L gibberellins3 and was increased by 25%. However, the application of 6-benzyladenine led to decrease in the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein. Conclusions The appropriate plant growth regulators at moderate concentration could be beneficial to the expression of foreign genes from the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in plants. Thus, appropriate plant growth regulators could be considered as exogenous components that are applied for the production of recombinant protein by plant-based transient expression systems.

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Improvement of Seed Germination in Three Medicinal Plant Species by Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.51.7.887 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 887-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khalid M. Elhindi ◽

Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽

Abdul-Wasea Asrar ◽

Eslam Abdel-Salam ◽

Ahmed Sharaf El-Din ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Sweet Basil

Peppermint (Mentha piperita), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) are important medicinal plants in the pharmacological industry. These plants are produced in commercial scale but their seeds exhibit low germination percentages under favorable germination conditions. Enhancing seed germination is thus crucial for improving the production of these plants. The influence of gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indol-3-butyric acid (IBA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on seed germination of the three plants were investigated. The seeds were soaked in each plant growth regulator at 50, 100, and 150 mg·L−1 for 24 hours at 25 ± 2 °C. Seed germination was checked daily for 20 days and germination parameters including final germination percentage (FGP), corrected germination rate (CGRI), and number of days lapsed to reach 50% of FGP (GT50) were recorded. The phosphorus and protein contents were determined in germinated seedlings on day 21 of culture. All plant growth regulators enhanced seed germination as compared with control. However, GA3 improved seed germination more than IAA, IBA, and NAA. GA3 at 100 mg·L−1 significantly increased the FGP from 22.3% and 33.3% (control) to 74% and 65.6% for peppermint and sweet basil, respectively. Low concentration of GA3 at 50 mg·L−1 increased the FGP for coriander from 27% to 52.3%. GA3 also increased CGRI, GT50, phosphorus, and protein contents in germinated seedlings as compared with control. Seeds of peppermint, sweet basil, and coriander possess a physiological dormancy that could be elevated by GA3 presowing treatment. This study established a successful methodology for optimizing seed germination to satisfy the demand for the medicinal parts of these plants in the pharmacological industry.

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In vitro: Influence of Various Concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators (BAP & NAA) and Sucrose on Regeneration of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Plant

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2020/v9i430095 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Fayza R. Al Gethami ◽

Hameda El Sayed Ahmed El Sayed

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Cotyledonary Nodes ◽

Half Strength ◽

The Media

In vitro: regeneration of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. was achieved from cotyledonary nodes explants. In this study, used 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) of plant growth regulators with different concentrations individually as well as in combination and used different concentrations of sugar (sucrose) with different concentrations. For was rooting, used half strength (½MS), full-strength MS and ½ MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/l of NAA. The results mentioned, explant responding (%) to multiplication was about 73% for all BAP treatments compared with control and average numbers of shoot increased with increased BAP concentration except 5 mg/l of BAP. The highest explant responding (%) was in media supplemented BAP without NAA compared other treatments noted that the media with combination of BAP and NAA gives formation of callus in bases of the plantlets. Also, the result inducted the combinations between (BAP–NAA) was highly significantly (P≤ 0.001) and less effective on number of shoots where the highest number of shoot was 3.40 in media with 3 mg/l BAP compared other treatments. The highest of explant responding 93.33% was in media supplement with 10 g/l sucrose and (10 g/l sucrose + 3 mg/l BAP), but sucrose level for good greening and developed shoots (4 shoots) was in medium supplement with 10 g/l sucrose. The shoots rooted well on half-strength MS medium with 60% percentage of root. The rooted shoots were acclimatized and transferred to green house to follow their development.

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Micropropagation of Livingstone Potato (Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br)

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2020/8364153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

G. T. Kujeke ◽

T. C. Chitendera ◽

R. T. Masekesa ◽

U. Mazarura ◽

E. Ngadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Media ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Explant Type ◽

Planting Material ◽

Two Factors

Livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br) is an underutilised indigenous root vegetable grown by communal farmers in the eastern provinces of Zimbabwe. It is vegetatively propagated using unimproved retained tubers from the previous season. The risk of disease carryover is therefore high, leading to poor yields. The objective of the study was to exploit the tissue culture technique of micropropagation to produce a mass supply of healthy planting material for improved productivity. Two experiments were conducted: firstly, to determine the best explant type and secondly, to determine the best landrace and plant growth regulators for the growth of plantlets. The landraces, namely, Ndurwe, Musande, Chibanda, and Chizambezi, were sourced from communal farmers in the stated production areas. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) were the auxin and cytokinin used, respectively. The first experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors: landrace and explant type (shoot tips, nodes, and leaves). After culturing the explants on a plain Murashige Skoog (MS) medium for ten weeks, the best explant was the node with regards to the number of nodes, shoots, and roots of the plantlets which were significant (P<0.05). The second experiment was laid out as a RCBD with two factors: landraces and the plant growth regulator combinations. The nodes were subcultured on an MS medium supplemented with the 16 combinations of plant growth regulators (0 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, and 2 mg/l BAP concentrations: 0 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, and 1 mg/l NAA concentrations), respectively. Chizambezi performed best and is, therefore, highly recommended for the rapid multiplication of Livingstone potato. Results from this study have clearly demonstrated that the addition of NAA: BAP at varying concentrations was significant and is essential for optimizing the growth media for micropropagation of Livingstone potato in Zimbabwe. Commercial production of plantlets can, therefore, be carried out to provide healthy planting material for the communal farmers for improved productivity while preserving the germplasm of the underutilised crop at the same time.

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