Weed Emergence in a Soil with Cover Crops in an Agroecological No-Tillage System

ABSTRACT: The cultivation and deposition of cover crops residues on the soil surface can reduce weed emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of weeds, in a greenhouse, on a soil with cover crops in an agroecological no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with soil samples from an experiment installed in Ituporanga (Santa Catarina state). On April 2010 and 2011, the following field treatments were implemented: weed vegetation (VE), Hordeum vulgare (2010)/Avena strigosa (2011) (CV/AV), Secale cereale (CE), Raphanus sativus (NF), Secale cereale + Raphanus sativus (NF+CE) and Hordeum vulgare/Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus (NF+AV). After the rotation of the species, the soil samples were collected in July. The identification of the species and the emergence assessment occurred 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the beginning of the experiment. The species with the highest incidence were: Amaranthus lividus, Oxalis spp., Cyperus spp., Stachys arvensis, Cynodon spp. and Rumex obtusifolius. Residues from single species of Secale cereale, Avena strigosa and Hordeum vulgare have shown the greatest ability to suppress weeds during the first 45 evaluation days; this corresponds to the beginning of the critical period in the onion development.

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Phenolic Compounds with Allelopathic Potential of Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. Grown Under an Agroecological No-Tillage System

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

M. SOUZA ◽

J.J. COMIN ◽

C. KURTZ ◽

P.E. LOVATO ◽

A.P. LIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

No Tillage ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The identification of compounds with allelopathic potential produced by cover crops can assist in selecting species for weed management purposes in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to identify the main phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops, as well as evaluate whether the cultivation system and phenological stage may influence secondary metabolite production and weed emergence. Samples of the shoot of these cover crops were collected at 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and 15 and 30 days after lodging (DAL) under field conditions. Weed emergence was evaluated at 45, 75, and 100 DAL of cover crops. The main compounds in rye were 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) under monocropping and intercropping, while flavonoid quercetin was found in oilseed radish at all evaluated times. During the growing cycle, the highest contents of phenolic compounds were found at the elongation stage (60 DAS) of rye under monocropping and intercropping systems (9.33 and 8.22 mg g-1 DM, respectively) and at grain filling stage (100 DAS) for oilseed radish intercropped with rye and black oat (3.24 and 3.83 mg g-1 DM, respectively). No differences were found in the contents of the main compounds when the species was grown under monocropping or intercropping systems. A reduction in the contents of MBOA, BOA, and quercetin was observed after lodging. Weed dry matter production was lower at 45 DAL in all treatments with rye and oilseed radish residues when compared to the control. The intercropping of rye with oilseed radish is an alternative management for weed control in agroecological systems due to the physical barrier created by these species and the presence of phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential.

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p439-449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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Cover crops and herbicide timing management on soybean yield under no-tillage system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2012000200006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Tillage System ◽

Herbicide Timing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and timing of pre-emergence herbicide applications on soybean yield under no-tillage system. The experiment consisted of four cover crops (Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet) and fallow, in addition to four herbicide timings (30, 20, 10, and 0 days before soybean sowing), under no-tillage system (NTS), and of two control treatments under conventional tillage system (CTS). The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Soybean under fallow, P. maximum, U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet in the NTS and soybean under U. brizantha in the CTS did not differ significantly regarding yield. Soybean under fallow in the CTS significantly reduced yield when compared to the other treatments. The amount of straw on soil surface did not significantly affect soybean yield. Chemical management of P. maximum and U. brizantha near the soybean sowing date causes significant damage in soybean yield. However, herbicide timing in fallow, U. ruziziensis, and pearl millet does not affect soybean yield.

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo,dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dosresíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema deplantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento deblocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram osresíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalariajuncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus eUrochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N)em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, oque foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. Demodo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelasplantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg paracada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade emrelação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, doseused and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residuesand nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experimentwas arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with fourreplications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis,Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetumglaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which wasmainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomiccharacteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. Theaverage gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensisand Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardlessnitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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Evolution of soil cover and dry shoot phytomass accumulation of autumn/winter cover crops and its effect on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e3310413797

Author(s):

Guilherme Semião Gimenez ◽

João Henrique Vieira de Almeida Junior ◽

Vinicius Cesar Sambatti ◽

Vagner do Nascimento ◽

Giliardi Dalazen

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

The cultivation of cover crops under no-tillage systems can promote positive improvements in soil attributes and promote increases in grain yield of successor crops, such as soybeans. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of soil cover and accumulation of dry shoot phytomass of autumn/winter cover crops and their impact on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession. Black oats (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale) and turnip (Raphanus sativus) were used as cover species in single crops, dual and triple intercropping, in addition to the fallow and weeded controls. The percentage of soil cover (%) and the accumulation of dry shoot phytomass were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). In soybean crop, plant height, number of productive nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, mass of a thousand grains and grain yield were evaluated. The cultivation of turnip single provided the fastest soil coverage, with 90.0% at 45 DAS. The intercropping between rye + turnip provided the largest accumulations of dry shoot phytomass, greater than 7.0 Mg ha-1 at 105 DAS. The highest soybean yields were obtained in succession to the cultivation of black oat and rye in single, yielding approximately 3,300 kg ha-1, 50% higher compared to fallow and weeded treatments.

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Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.530 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. E. Baird ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

A. B. Peery ◽

M. L. Lang

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Fungal Species ◽

No Tillage ◽

Cercospora Kikuchii ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mesh Bags ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

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Chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil after nine years of pig slurry application

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2012001200013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1766-1773 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Milton da Veiga ◽

Carla Maria Pandolfo ◽

Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽

Evandro Spagnollo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Reaction ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

No Tillage ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Continuous Application ◽

Tillage System ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

High Doses ◽

Cu And Zn

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pig slurry application effects on chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil managed under no-tillage system. Treatments consisted of 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 per year of pig slurry application, and a control with replacement of P and K exported through harvested grains. Attributes related to soil chemical reaction, exchange complex, and nutrient contents were determined in soil samples collected in the ninth year of experimentation from 0 - 0.025, 0.025 - 0.05, 0.05 - 0.10, 0.10 - 0.20, 0.20 - 0.40 and 0.40 - 0.60 m soil depths. The continuous application of high doses of pig slurry on the Oxisol surface under no-tillage acidifies the soil and increases Al, P, Cu, and Zn contents down to 0.2-m depth, and K levels down to 0.6-m depth.

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