scholarly journals Growth and development of lettuce plants at high NH4+:NO3- ratios in the nutrient solution

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo L Andriolo ◽  
Rodrigo dos S Godoi ◽  
Clarissa M Cogo ◽  
Orcial C Bortolotto ◽  
Gean L da Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Polynomial Models

Lettuce plants, cv. Vera, were grown at five NH4+:NO3- ratios in the nutrient solution in a 0.15 m deep sand growing bed. A standard nutrient solution was used, with the composition of, in mmol L-1, 11.0 NO3-; 1.5 H2PO4-; 6.5 SO4--; 7.5 Ca++; 10.0 K+ and 1.5 Mg++, and, in mg L-1, 0.42 Mn; 0.26 Zn; 0.05 Cu; 0.50 B; 0.04 Mo, and 4.82 chelate Fe. Ammonium nitrate was used to supply NH4+ concentrations of 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 mmol L-1, reaching NH4+:NO3- ratios of 0:11 (T1); 2.5:13.5 (T2); 5:16 (T3); 7.5:18.5 (T4) and 10:21 mmol L-1 (T5) as treatments. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications and 20 plants per plot. Four plants of each plot were harvested at 25 days after planting, to determine shoot and root dry mass, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves per plant. Number of leaves, shoot fresh and shoot and root dry mass decreased 25.5%; 52.5% and 68.5% from T1 to T5, respectively, following polynomial models. Root dry mass was 1.7 g/plant for T1 and T2, and 0.82 g/plant for T3, T4 and T5, decreasing in a proportion of 51.8%. For lettuce crop production in hydroponical facilities, the NH4+ threshold limit of about 9-12% of the total N should be retained.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of lettuce plants under salinity

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo L. Andriolo ◽  
Gean L. da Luz ◽  
Maiquel H. Witter ◽  
Rodrigo dos S. Godoi ◽  
Gisele T. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect

Lettuce plants, cv. Vera, were grown under five salinity levels in a hydroponical experimental set-up using a 0.15 m deep sand growing bed. A standard nutrient solution was used, with the following composition, in mmol L-1: 16.9 NO3-; 2.0 H2PO4-; 1.0 SO4- 4.0 Ca++; 10.9 K+ e 1.0 Mg++, and, in mg L-1, 0.42 Mn; 0.26 Zn; 0,05 Cu; 0,50 B; 0,04 Mo, and 4.82 chelated Fe. The five salinity levels compared as treatments were obtained by varying the concentration of the standard nutrient solution, reaching average electrical conductivities (EC) of 0.80; 1.93; 2.81; 3.73 and 4.72 dS m-1, for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The nutrient solution at each salinity level was supplied from a reservoir by means of a flooded-type electrical pump, for 15 minutes, at intervals of 90 minutes during the day and 420 minutes during the night. A completely randomised experimental design was used with four replications and 20 plants per plot. Four plants of each plot were harvested at 32 days after planting, to determine shoot and root dry mass, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and number of leaves per plant. Number of leaves was 18 per plant and was not affected by treatments. Dry mass of leaves increased 24,4% from T1 to T3. No relationships were found on data from stem and root dry mass. A positive effect of EC was recorded on shoot fresh mass, which increased 28.5% from T1 to T2, and decreased 16.5% from T2 to T5. Maximum LAI estimated value was 4.3 m² m-2 for an EC of 2.6 dS m-1. Salinity levels above 2.0 and 2.6 dS m-1 reduce fresh yield and plant growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Polpa de banana e sacarose no desenvolvimento in vitro de orquídeas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Eliane Lima de = Aquino ◽  
◽  
Tarcísio Rangel do Couto ◽  
João Sebastião de Paula Araújo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Weight Number

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding two types of banana pulp, combined with varying concentrations of sacarose on the growth of Cattleya sp. plantlets. Hybrid LCTV-01 seedlings (Cattleya labiata rubra x Cattleya labiata semi alba) made to germinate in vitro were inoculated in an MS culture medium with half the concentration of nutrients and supplemented with 60 g.L-1 'maçã' or 'terra' banana pulp in addition to different concentrations of sacarose (10, 20 and 30 g.L-1. The entirely randomized experimental design was chosen, implemented in seven treatments, ten repetitions and eight seedlings per repetition. After 160 days of in vitro cultivation, variables of fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots and length of the longest root were evaluated. It was found that the addition of banana pulp of any of the analyzed cultivars promoted better seedling growth. Additionally, the 20 g.L-1 sacarose concentration yielded better results for the analyzed variables.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation to Enhance the Performance of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patience Seyram Akakpo ◽  
Moosa Mahmood Sedibe ◽  
Bello Zaid ◽  
Zenzile P. Khetsha ◽  
Mokgaputsiwa P. Theka-Kutumela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient in plant metabolism, ionic balance, and stress resistance. In this study, the effects of K on agronomic attributes and on mineral and primary metabolite content in African potato were determined. K was administered hydroponically at four concentrations (4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 meq·L−1) using Steiner’s universal nutrient solution. Chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf area (LA), fresh corm mass (FCM), number of roots (NR), root fresh weight (RFM), and root dry mass (RDM) were measured 18, 32, and 40 weeks after transplanting. Mineral analysis data were collected at 18 weeks, and primary metabolite data were collected at 32 weeks. Significant effects of K were observed after 18 weeks, and all test concentrations had a positive effect on yield. Calcium and boron significantly accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K. Alanine and malic acid were the only metabolites affected by K concentrations. More minerals accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K, whereas at 10.00 meq·L−1 K, more minerals clustered in the leaf. K applied at 4.00 meq·L−1 is recommended when growing African potato using a nutrient solution to improve corm mineral and metabolite accumulation.

scholarly journals In vitro growth and development of Dendrobium hybrid orchid

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Khatun ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MS Biswas ◽  
MR Kabir ◽  
M Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

The experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effect of different plant growth regulators and charcoal supplementation in MS medium on growth and development of plantlets regenerated from protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid orchid. The combination of BAP + NAA, BAP + IAA, BAP + IBA, and IAA + IBA at different concentrations with charcoal supplementation was studied. The result revealed that the use of different growth regulators had significant effect on different parameters studied. The maximum weight of PLBs (5.123 g) was obtained from the combination of BAP + IBA at 1.0 mg/l each. The highest shoot height (3.239 cm) and maximum number of rooted plantlets (4.473) was obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + NAA combination. The maximum number of leaves (3.490) and the maximum length of leaves (1.946 cm) were obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + IBA and the highest leaf width (1.166 cm) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l BAP +1.0 mg/l IBA combination. The highest root length was obtained from 0.5 mg/l each of BAP + IAA and the maximum number of regenerated plantlets (20) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l IAA + 1.0 mg/l IBA combination. However, the maximum fresh weight of single shoot (0.219 g) and the maximum number of roots per plantlet (6.300) was obtained from 1.0 mg/I each of IAA + IBA combination. Keywords: Dedrobium; orchid; hybrid; In vitro growth. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6457Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 507-514

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY AND LEAF DETACHMENT ON CHRYSANTHEMUM GROWN IN TWO TYPES OF PLASTIC HOUSE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budiarto ◽  
Y. Sulyo ◽  
E. Dwi S.N. ◽  
R.H.M. Maaswinkel
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Flower Quality

Chrysanthemum is one of important ornamentals in Indonesia and it ranks in the first quantity of cut flower marketed every year. In most cases, the low productivity is still a constraint for the traditional growers to make production process profitable. Several problems revealed in chrysanthemum production were investigated. The study dealt with the effect of two types of plastic house constructions, irrigation frequency, and leaf detachment on the growth and development of chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Segunung, Indonesian Ornamental Plants Research Institute during the dry season of 2005. A nested design with six replications was used. The results showed that plants grown in wood-constructed plastic house had better growth performance and flower quality than those under bamboo plastic house. Longer stem and higher plant fresh weight with more flowers and longer life span were also observed on chrysanthemum irrigated four times per week than those irrigated twice per week. Leaf removal often practiced by the growers is no longer recommended, since the number of leaves on the plant influenced all parameters observed. The more leaves were detached, the more negative impacts on plant growth were found.

scholarly journals Cytokinin induces the development of gabirobeira root cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasara Kamila Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar ◽  
Francielly Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Laísse Danielle Pereira ◽  
Diego Ismael Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Shoots

ABSTRACT: The gabirobeira is a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado with potential for use in cropping systems. This study evaluated the effect of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on root cuttings of gabirobeira (Campomanesia adamantium). The plant material was obtained from gabirobeira progenies of one and two-years-old. The cuttings were segmented in 5 cm length and 1.90 to 3.22 mm diameter, immersed in the following BAP concentrations: 0.0; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 for 15 seconds and planted in trays containing the substrate Bioplant®. A complete randomized experimental design was adopted in a factorial scheme 2x4, (cuttings age x BAP concentrations) with fifteen replicates per treatment. After 140 days the number of cuttings with shoots, number of shoots, number of leaves, and diameter of the main root were evaluated. The better development of the cuttings was observed on progenies of two-years-old. The lowest cytokinin concentrations promoted the better emission and number of shoots of the progenies from both ages.

scholarly journals SELETIVIDADE DE MISTURAS DE HERBICIDAS E INSETICIDAS EM TANQUE APLICADAS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
CLEBER DANIEL DE GOES MACIEL ◽  
ANDRÉ AUGUSTO PAZINATO DA SILVA ◽  
ENELISE OSCO HELVIG ◽  
ANTÔNIO MENDES DE OLIVEIRA NETO ◽  
NAIARA GUERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

 RESUMO - A associação de herbicidas e inseticidas é uma prática comum entre os agricultores, entretanto, muitas vezes pode provocar injúrias à cultura do milho. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas em mistura em tanque com inseticidas de diferentes grupos químicos, no crescimento inicial de hibridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos separadamente em estufa plástica com dois híbridos de milho (30F35 e 2B-710), utilizando como unidades experimentais vasos com duas plantas nos estádios fenológicos V3 e V6. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados 31 tratamentos, representados pela aplicação de seis herbicidas (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone e 2,4-D, nas doses de 2000; 37,5; 36+2,4; 144; 10 e 1000 g ha-1, respectivamente) isolados e em mistura com quatro inseticidas (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl e novarulon, nas doses de 26,9; 64,5; 240 e 15 g ha-1, respectivamente) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas aos 7 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA), o teor de clorofila das folhas, número médio de folhas por planta, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes aos 14 DAA. Os resultados foram variáveis em função do híbrido e estádio fenológico na aplicação, sendo as misturas menos prejudiciais ao milho quando aplicadas em V3. Os tratamentos com atrazine foram os que menos afetaram o crescimento inicial dos híbridos. As misturas nicosulfuron + chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione + chlorpyrifos ethyl e 2,4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl foram as que mais prejudicaram o híbrido 30F35. Por outro lado, a mistura carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl foi a que mais afetou o crescimento inicial do híbrido 2B-710.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, antagonismo, estádio de desenvolvimento, Zea mays. SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES TANK MIXTURES APPLIED IN MAIZE HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT - The association of herbicides and insecticides despite often cause damage to the corn crop is a common practice among farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the initial selectivity of herbicides in tank mixture with insecticides from different chemical groups in maize. Two experiments were carried out in plastic greenhouse, using as experimental units pots with two maize hybrids (30F35 and 2B-710) in V3 and V6 phenological stages. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five replications. Thirty-one treatments were represented by applying six herbicides (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone and 2.4- D) isolated and in combination with the four insecticides (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl and novarulon) and a check without application. The phytointoxication was evaluated at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), the chlorophyll content in leaves, total number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part and roots at 14 DAA. The results were dependent of hybrid and corn stage in the application, and mixtures were less harmful when applied in V3 stage. The treatments with atrazine affected less the initial growth of the two hybrids. The mixtures of nicosulfuron+chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione+chlorpyrifos ethyl and 2.4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl were the most prejudicial to the hybrid 30F35. In addition, the carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl mixture was the most harmful to the initial growth of the hybrid 2B-710.Keywords: phytointoxication, antagonism, development stage, Zea mays.

scholarly journals Quality of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings grown on substrates with decomposed babassu palm stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romário Martins Costa ◽  
Marcos Renan Lima Leite ◽  
Sâmia dos Santos Matos ◽  
Rayssa Carolinne Mouzinho de Sousa ◽  
Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva-Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Babassu Palm ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation of sugarcane crops not only reduces the establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser requirement of propagules (stems) and greater phytosanitary control of the seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are also expensive and their use increases the cost of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings grown on substrates with different proportions of decomposed babassu palm stem (DBPS), as well as to recommend the substrate formulation that provides the most favorable environment for the growth and development of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. For preparation of the substrate (S), DBPS and soil were used in the following proportions: S1: 0 % of DBPS + 100 % of soil; S2: 20 % of DBPS + 80 % of soil; S3: 40 % of DBPS + 60 % of soil; S4: 60 % of DBPS + 40 % of soil; S5: 80 % of DBPS + 20 % of soil; S6: 100 % of DBPS + 0 % of soil. The use of S2 and S3 considerably improved the seedling quality parameters, such as sprout diameter and length, number of leaves and total, shoot and root dry mass. However, from an economic point of view, S2 is recommended for use.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition Of Ipomoea quamoclit

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
S. Bianco ◽  
R.A. Pitelli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse experiment was carried out from November 2006 to April 2007 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry mass production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Ipomoea quamoclit, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, daily irrigated with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed in function of dry mass production and macronutrient content. I. quamoclit had a small dry mass and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 146, 143, 140, 149, 142, 153, and 124 DAE, for dry mass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the macronutrients most accumulated by I. quamoclit plants.

scholarly journals Rocket plants in response to nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique S Silva ◽  
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho ◽  
Isaias dos S Reis ◽  
Carolina S Nascimento ◽  
Camila S Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the second most accumulated nutrient in rocket. This nutrient greatly affects growth, productivity and quality of the vegetable. Rocket is the second most widely grown leafy vegetable in hydroponic system; however, no studies on how N concentration in nutrient solution affects this crop can be found in literature. We studied four concentrations (79.2; 118.8; 158.4 and 237.6 mg L-1 of N) in a randomized block design with five replicates. Maximum number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass and productivity of rocket cv. ‘Folha larga’ were obtained with the highest N concentration. The rocket quality, evaluated by the nitrate content, was maximum with 210.2 mg L-1 of N and its value in the concentration which maximized productivity is in the acceptable range for vegetables; so, it is recommended to grow rocket with 237.6 mg L-1 of N in the nutrient solution.

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