scholarly journals Genetic resources of vegetable crops: a survey in the Brazilian germplasm collections pictured through papers published in the journals of the Brazilian Society for Horticultural Science

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia P Sudré ◽  
Eduardo Leonardecz ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues ◽  
Antônio T do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Maria da CL Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
State University ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Multivariate Procedures

The research on plant genetic resources is essential for the conservation of genetic diversity and accessions' divergence studies, as a basis for plant breeding. Aiming to know the state of art in this subject, a historical survey was carried out in Revista de Olericultura and in Horticultura Brasileira, from 1961 to 2006, searching for papers dealing with vegetable crops genetic resources. In each of the papers, the species studied, first author institution, publication year, applied software, number of accessions and descriptors, and the multivariate techniques used were registered. Based on these characteristics, papers were grouped using multivariate analysis. Sixty-one papers dealt somehow with genetic resources in the time covered by the survey, from which 91.8% were published after 1990 (60.7% from 2001 to 2005). The use of multivariate analysis was reported in 57.3% of the papers, with an average of 2.3 and maximum of 6 multivariate procedures per paper. The Tocher Method, reported in 34% of the papers, was the most frequently used multivariate analysis. Twenty-five species were studied. Capsicum was the most frequently studied genus, either considering number of papers (seven) or accessions (664). Research institutions located in the Southeast region concentrated the highest number of papers. UFV (Federal University of Viçosa), UENF (North Fluminense State University Darcy Ribeiro), Embrapa Vegetables, and UNESP (São Paulo State University) Campus of Jaboticabal responded for 45% of the papers. There was an improvement in the adequacy of the statistical techniques used along time, due mainly to the development of free-access software. The software Genes was the most frequently reported in the papers surveyed. Nevertheless, almost 50% of the authors did not mention the software used for data analysis. Quantitative morphoagronomic and evaluation descriptors were the most often used. The multivariate analysis allowed grouping the papers in nine clusters.

scholarly journals Wheat genetic resources – how to exploit?

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S43-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Börner ◽  
K. Neumann ◽  
B. Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Trait Loci

It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.

Patents and the CGIAR system of International Agricultural Research Centres' germplasm collections under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
International Agricultural Research ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Research Centres

A key controversy in negotiating the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the likely long-term effectiveness of the agreement, is the way in which the intellectual property provisions are interpreted and applied to the key genetic resources forming the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system of International Agricultural Research Centres' (IARC) collections. This paper reviews the intellectual property provisions in the treaty and examines the likely consequences from patenting under the Patents Act 1990 over materials derived from these collections. The consequence is argued to be significant and, over time, these practices are likely to deplete the usefulness of these collections and undermine the relevance of the treaty. The paper concludes that Australia's interests might best be served by arguing that access to these collections, and the other materials under the treaty, be subject to a non-exclusive, royalty free licence for any use of the derived materials to develop useful new plant varieties.

scholarly journals Inventorying and Collecting Local Genetic Resources from Vegetable Crops for Their Conservation and Targeted Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Liliya Krasteva ◽  
Stefan Neykov ◽  
Nikolaya Velcheva ◽  
Petar Chavdarov ◽  
Zhan Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
National Register ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Gps System

Inventory and collection of local plant genetic resources from Bulgarian and Chinese flora was carried out by implementing the bilateral research project between Bulgaria and China, with the focus on their preservation and targeted use. During the years 2011 and 2012 several expeditions in rural areas of South Bulgaria were conducted. The inventory of the areas was performed using a GPS system. The National collection was enriched with 134 local vegetable accessions and 98 valuable genotypes originating from China. Collected materials are listed in the National Register PHYTO'2000, according to international descriptors of FAO, ECP/GR and Biodiversity International. The accessions are included in the survey and stored in the National Genebank.

Intellectual Property Rights and the Politics of Food

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Ravi Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Nation States

The legal status of plant genetic resources has been subject to numerous international agreements and laws over the centuries. The “common heritage of mankind” approach enabled free access but proved unworkable because of conflicts over intellectual property rights. The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) recognized sovereign rights of nations over genetic resources within their territory. The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement under auspices of the World Trade Organization mandated intellectual property protection for plant varieties, but synchronizing such rights has proved problematic. Many developing countries have enacted sui generis regimes to comply with TRIPS requirements. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention provides models that have changed over time. With the advent of agricultural biotechnology and availability of intellectual property rights for plant components, patents relating to plant genetic resources have increased. As plant genetic resources are subject to many overlapping treaties, the regime governing them is becoming more complex, resulting in inconsistencies and disputes. While the rights of plant breeders and the private seed industry are well protected in formal agreements, the rights of farmers, who have nurtured diversity in plant genetic resources, developed varieties of crops with different traits, and contributed to exchange and conservation of plant genetic resources, are left to the discretion of nation-states. Farmers’ rights are mentioned in many international legal instruments, but no binding treaty or convention mandates protecting and promoting the rights of working farmers.

Trends in Research using Plant Genetic Resources from Germplasm Collections: From 1996 to 2006

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Dulloo ◽  
I. Thormann ◽  
E. Fiorino ◽  
S. De Felice ◽  
V. R. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collections

Genomics of plant genetic resources: past, present and future

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyujung Van ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Hee Shin ◽  
Suk-Ha Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Plant genetic resources (PGR) include cultivars, landraces, wild species closely related to cultivated varieties, breeder's elite lines and mutants. The loss of genetic diversity caused by the practice of agriculture and the availability of genetic information has resulted in a great effort dedicated to the collection of PGR. Prior to the advent of molecular profiling, accessions in germplasm collections were examined based on morphology. The development of molecular techniques now allows a more accurate analysis of large collections. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) with de novo assembly and resequencing has already provided a substantial amount of information, which warrants the coordination of existing databases and their integration into genebanks. Thus, the integration and coordination of genomic data into genebanks is very important and requires an international effort. From the determination of phenotypic traits to the application of NGS to whole genomes, every aspect of genomics will have a great impact not only on PGR conservation, but also on plant breeding programmes.

scholarly journals The importance of legume genetic resources for breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Jegor Miladinović ◽  
Vojislav Mihailović ◽  
Vuk Đorđević ◽  
Sanja Vasiljević ◽  
Snežana Katanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Republic

This paper presents the plant genetic resources maintained by the Center of Excellence for Legumes of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia. The genetic resources of legumes (soybean, alfalfa, red clover, pea and vetch) are an invaluable source material and a rich source of genetic divergence for the development of varieties adapted to specific agricultural and environmental conditions. Soybean is the most important of all cultivated legumes and occupies the largest area under cultivation. The alfalfa collection consists of over 800 genotypes with different agronomic traits and dormancy values. The novel alfalfa breeding concept - breeding for yield per se, based on natural heterosis in the development of half hybrids - was introduced in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Center of Excellence for Legumes has 757 soybean genotypes, 655 red clover genotypes, about 730 pea genotypes and 495 vetch genotypes. The development of the winter pea variety for grain (NS Mraz), the first of its kind in South-Eastern Europe, was significant for science.

scholarly journals Recursos Genéticos Vegetais da Caatinga para o Desenvolvimento do Semiárido Brasileiro (Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Abílio de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Very High

O Semiárido brasileiro, caracterizado por uma precipitação abaixo de 800 mm por ano, grande taxa de evaporação e elevado risco de seca, tem uma extensão aproximada de um milhão de quilômetros quadrados, que encerra 1.133 municípios de nove Estados e onde se insere o bioma caatinga. É uma região que apresenta grande variação ambiental e dentro dos recursos naturais, a cobertura vegetal aliada ao conhecimento e inovação é a que apresenta maior chance de manejo com vistas a criar potencialidades para serem integradas nas estratégias de desenvolvimento. O bioma caatinga vem sendo estudado e mais de duas mil espécies foram identificadas, porém, umas 130 espécies endêmicas, consideradas prioritárias, podem apresentar vários usos como forrageiras, madeireiras, ornamentais, frutíferas, apícolas, plantas produtoras de fibra, ceras, óleos e taninos além de plantas medicinais, embora uma grande quantidade de espécies sejam de usos múltiplos. No entanto, a quase totalidade dos estudos considera as espécies como se todos os indivíduos fossem iguais, deixando de considerar a variação infraespecífica, onde se inserem os recursos genéticos vegetais e que podem ser usados para os diversos fins. Algumas espécies, contudo, foram consideradas no que tange aos recursos genéticos, porém, a grande maioria delas não tem coleções estabelecidas, e muito menos, estudadas. Dentro das diversas espécies da caatinga, os mutantes sem espinhos poderão ser atrativos para diferentes usos. A caatinga também pode ser objeto de estudo dos mecanismos de economia de uso de água e de nutrientes de fontes não convencionais e os micro-organismos poderão ajudar nessa tarefa. Palavras - chave: plantas da caatinga, cobertura vegetal, usos da vegetação.  Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid  ABSTRACTThe Brazilian Semiarid, characterized by 800 mm or less of rainfall, very high evaporation and drought risk, comprises one million square kilometers which encloses 1.133 counties, where the biome caatinga is inserted. It is a region that presents great environmental variation but among its natural resources, the vegetation along with knowledge and innovation presents the major potential to be managed as to generate potentialities and be integrated in development strategies. The plants of this biome are currently being studied and more than two thousand species were identified, but, only 130 endemic species are considered of priority for different uses as fodder, timber, ornamentals, fruit trees, honeybee and medicinal plants and, also, plants for production of fibers, wax, oil, tannins, although many species are of multiple uses. However, the large majority of the studies on plants of caatinga consider the species as if all plants of a species were similar, without consideration to the infraspecific variation, and this is where the plant genetic resources of caatinga are and can be used for different purposes. Some species, however, were considered as far as the plant genetic resources is concerned, but, the great majority of species do not have germplasm collections, and even more, have not been studied yet. Among several plant species of caatinga, the spineless mutants may have different uses. The plants of caatinga can also be used to study the mechanisms of water economy, the nutrient supply from nonconventional sources and the soil microorganisms can help in this task.   Keywords: plants of caatinga, plant cover, plant uses.

PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES OF LEGUMES AND UNDERUTILIZED VEGETABLE CROPS IN INDIA

2007 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rai ◽  
S. Pandey ◽  
D. Ram ◽  
N. Rai ◽  
A.K. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Vegetable Crops
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