The importance of legume genetic resources for breeding

This paper presents the plant genetic resources maintained by the Center of Excellence for Legumes of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia. The genetic resources of legumes (soybean, alfalfa, red clover, pea and vetch) are an invaluable source material and a rich source of genetic divergence for the development of varieties adapted to specific agricultural and environmental conditions. Soybean is the most important of all cultivated legumes and occupies the largest area under cultivation. The alfalfa collection consists of over 800 genotypes with different agronomic traits and dormancy values. The novel alfalfa breeding concept - breeding for yield per se, based on natural heterosis in the development of half hybrids - was introduced in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Center of Excellence for Legumes has 757 soybean genotypes, 655 red clover genotypes, about 730 pea genotypes and 495 vetch genotypes. The development of the winter pea variety for grain (NS Mraz), the first of its kind in South-Eastern Europe, was significant for science.

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Wheat genetic resources – how to exploit?

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3253-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S43-S48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Börner ◽

K. Neumann ◽

B. Kobiljski

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Trait Loci

It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.

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Implementation of the Programme for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in the Republic of Srpska from 2009 to 2012

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1204563d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gordana Đurić ◽

Marina Radun ◽

Vida Todorović ◽

Danijela Kondić ◽

Dragana Pećanac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

The Republic

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Drawing up queries, forms and reports of the information system on plant genetic resources

Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources) ◽

10.36814/pgr.2020.27.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

F.Kh. Abdullaev

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Gene ◽

Exchange Of Information ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Component ◽

National Information ◽

Research Institute

Aim. To develop the National Plant Gene Pool Information System for the effective exchange of information and targeted use of this information in different research programs as well as for cooperation with regional and international organizations on the basis of intellectual property rights. Results and Discussion. This study was aimed at solving a set of interrelated objectives to compile a computer database of characteristics of the Global Collection of Agricultural Genetic Resources. The platform for this database was harmonized and systematized crop descriptors, which are the main component of the National Information System. As a part of these studies, the PGR Documentation Unit at the National Genebank of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources worked at constructing data queries for presentation in the Information System forms. The tool part of the CAC-DB information system, where one can generate any query at one’s discretion by selecting data using the Query tools, served as a basis for this work. Seventeen types of queries for general use and 4 types of report templates were designed. The National Information System on Plant Genetic Resources, which is being developed at the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, will make it possible to increase the efficiency of its storage, documentation, management and use through the exchange of information and germplasm, and will ensure the transition of genetic and breeding studies to a new technological level, increasing its effectiveness. Conclusions. The developed National Information System is unique and selective. It will concentrate comprehensive information on the plant gene pool of the Republic, as it is specific for Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, having no analogues in the world.

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Safeguarding and using global banana diversity: a holistic approach

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s43170-020-00015-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ines Van den houwe ◽

Rachel Chase ◽

Julie Sardos ◽

Max Ruas ◽

Els Kempenaers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Research Activities ◽

Genebank Management

AbstractThe CGIAR genebank International Musa Germplasm Transit Centre (ITC) currently holds 1617 banana accessions from 38 countries as an in vitro collection, backed-up by a cryopreserved collection to safeguard global Musa diversity in perpetuity. The ITC also serves as a vital safety backup and transit centre for national banana genebanks and ensures that germplasm is clean of pests and diseases and freely available under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In more than 35 years of activity, the ITC has distributed over 18,000 banana accession samples to researchers and farmers in 113 countries. Ex situ conservation of vegetatively-propagated crops such as banana poses very particular challenges. Maintaining the ITC genebank is labor intense and costly. Efficiencies are sought through research and development of techniques on detecting viruses, the genetic integrity of accessions, and on innovative means of safeguarding banana diversity, such as conserving populations of wild species by seed banking. Although the conservation of global banana diversity is the main objective of the ITC, significant value comes from its holistic approach to better understand and promote its germplasm through numerous research activities and resources. Techniques for morphological and molecular characterization serve to identify and describe the collection, while also determining what gaps should be filled by collecting missions with national partners. The evaluation of desirable agronomic traits inherent in Musa spp. are investigated by a high-throughput phenotyping platform, which helps breeding programs to select cultivars resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomic and bioinformatic studies of several banana wild relatives greatly enhance our understanding of Musa genetic diversity, links to important phenotypic traits and bring new methods for management of the collection. Collectively, these research activities produce enormous amounts of data that require curation and dissemination to the public. The two information systems at the ITC, Musa Genebank Management System and the Musa Germplasm Information System, serve to manage the genebank activities and to make public germplasm-related data for over 30 banana collections worldwide, respectively. By implementing the 10-year workplan set out in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Musa Genetic Resources, the network MusaNet supports Musa researchers and stakeholders, including the ITC, and most importantly, links to the world’s banana-producing countries via three regional banana networks.

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Genetic resources of vegetable crops: a survey in the Brazilian germplasm collections pictured through papers published in the journals of the Brazilian Society for Horticultural Science

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362007000400002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 496-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cláudia P Sudré ◽

Eduardo Leonardecz ◽

Rosana Rodrigues ◽

Antônio T do Amaral Júnior ◽

Maria da CL Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Free Access ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

State University ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Applied Software ◽

Multivariate Procedures

The research on plant genetic resources is essential for the conservation of genetic diversity and accessions' divergence studies, as a basis for plant breeding. Aiming to know the state of art in this subject, a historical survey was carried out in Revista de Olericultura and in Horticultura Brasileira, from 1961 to 2006, searching for papers dealing with vegetable crops genetic resources. In each of the papers, the species studied, first author institution, publication year, applied software, number of accessions and descriptors, and the multivariate techniques used were registered. Based on these characteristics, papers were grouped using multivariate analysis. Sixty-one papers dealt somehow with genetic resources in the time covered by the survey, from which 91.8% were published after 1990 (60.7% from 2001 to 2005). The use of multivariate analysis was reported in 57.3% of the papers, with an average of 2.3 and maximum of 6 multivariate procedures per paper. The Tocher Method, reported in 34% of the papers, was the most frequently used multivariate analysis. Twenty-five species were studied. Capsicum was the most frequently studied genus, either considering number of papers (seven) or accessions (664). Research institutions located in the Southeast region concentrated the highest number of papers. UFV (Federal University of Viçosa), UENF (North Fluminense State University Darcy Ribeiro), Embrapa Vegetables, and UNESP (São Paulo State University) Campus of Jaboticabal responded for 45% of the papers. There was an improvement in the adequacy of the statistical techniques used along time, due mainly to the development of free-access software. The software Genes was the most frequently reported in the papers surveyed. Nevertheless, almost 50% of the authors did not mention the software used for data analysis. Quantitative morphoagronomic and evaluation descriptors were the most often used. The multivariate analysis allowed grouping the papers in nine clusters.

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Variation for selected morphological and quality-related traits among 178 faba bean landraces collected from Turkey

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262113000208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tolga Karaköy ◽

Faheem Shehzad Baloch ◽

Faruk Toklu ◽

Hakan Özkan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

A Priori ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Mini Core Collection ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Breeding Programmes

Faba bean is cultivated worldwide and widely used in Mediterranean countries, Asia and Europe. However, only a few faba bean breeders are active in cultivar development. As a result, a limited number of varieties are available for growers. Plant genetic resources or germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate more efficient use of plant genetic resources. A mini-core collection of faba bean germplasm (178 landraces and four cultivars), from diverse geographic regions of Turkey, was assessed for agro-morphological performance and some quality traits. There were substantial variations for the investigated morphological and quality characteristics. The analysis of variance revealed that the differences among 182 accessions were significant for all the studied characters. Some accessions showed very good agronomic performance for some traits. Positive and negative correlations existed among different morphological and agronomic traits. Landraces have been classified into four different groups using a cluster analysis. These results suggest that an a priori classification of accessions according to the growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of landraces, however, it has been possible to identify ‘superior’ accessions of some traits. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern faba bean breeding programmes.

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LANDRACES OF VEGETABLES AND CUCURBITS FROM KAZAKHSTAN INTO VIR COLLECTION AS INITIAL MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2018-3-60-66 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

A. M. Artemyeva ◽

T. M. Piskunova ◽

I. V. Gashkova ◽

T. V. Khmelinskaya ◽

I. A. Khrapalova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Scientific Cooperation ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Local Varieties ◽

The Republic

The article gives a historical overview of expeditionary surveys of the Republic of Kazakhstan territory by the VIR employees with the aim of collecting local vegetable and melon crops from the first expedition in 1925 and to present days. A total of 13 expeditions of VIR were carried out across Kazakhstan, including cooperative surveys with employees of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing. The role of Vavilov and his associates in the formation of the Institute's collections, the continuity of ideas and traditions in the scientific work with plant genetic resources are emphasized. The analysis of the dynamics of receipt of expeditionary samples in the collection of VIR is given. The current state and significance of local vegetable resources of vegetable and melon crops of Kazakhstan for breeding use in the Russian Federation is shown. The botanical status of the collected seed material is reflected and the results of long-term comprehensive ecological and geographical study of the collection at VIR stations are presented. Genetic sources of valuable traits are identified in various directions of breeding in cabbage, tomato, carrot, radish, radish, watermelon, melon and pumpkin for use in breeding programs. It is emphasized that the creation of highly productive varieties and plant hybrids that combine high quality with resistance to a complex of biotic and abiotic factors can be successful in breeding with the wide use of wild species, semi-cultural and primitive forms and local varieties with a high degree of adaptation . Taking into account the exclusion of local varieties from production by highly productive varieties, the role of preserving their variability in gene banks is growing. Long-term international scientific cooperation contributes to the solution of the tasks of mobilizing plant resources by conducting expedition collections, conservation and rational use of plant genetic resources.

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Inventorying and Collecting Local Genetic Resources from Vegetable Crops for Their Conservation and Targeted Use

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1301097k ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Liliya Krasteva ◽

Stefan Neykov ◽

Nikolaya Velcheva ◽

Petar Chavdarov ◽

Zhan Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

National Register ◽

Research Project ◽

Local Plant ◽

Gps System

Inventory and collection of local plant genetic resources from Bulgarian and Chinese flora was carried out by implementing the bilateral research project between Bulgaria and China, with the focus on their preservation and targeted use. During the years 2011 and 2012 several expeditions in rural areas of South Bulgaria were conducted. The inventory of the areas was performed using a GPS system. The National collection was enriched with 134 local vegetable accessions and 98 valuable genotypes originating from China. Collected materials are listed in the National Register PHYTO'2000, according to international descriptors of FAO, ECP/GR and Biodiversity International. The accessions are included in the survey and stored in the National Genebank.

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Mobilization of plant genetic resources from the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

A. B. Kurina ◽

L. M. Kalashnikova ◽

A. Yu. Paritov ◽

G. Kh. Kirzhinov ◽

A. M. Artemyeva

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Long Time ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Republic ◽

Collecting Mission

Background. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is one of the floristically unique territories in the Russian Federation. Its vegetation, especially in the mountainous and foothill areas, is very rich due to, inter alia, the extremely complex and diverse relief. Over 50% of the entire Caucasian flora is present in the republic, representing all main groups of plant formations, except subtropical and tropical ones. It seems relevant to search for and collect crop wild relatives as well as landraces of vegetables and cucurbits cultivated for a long time in the surveyed territory and adapted to local environmental conditions in order to add new genetic resources of these crops to the VIR collection.Methods. The expedition route included explorations of the foothill and highland areas of Kabardino-Balkaria, and familiarization with the seed assortment available at the markets and agricultural stores in Nalchik and Prokhladny. The target areas were surveyed from August 18 through 26, 2019, by one- or two-day trips starting from Nalchik. The length of the itinerary was about 600 km.Results. The collecting mission examined local farms and homesteads, explored the mountains, and collected 256 local and commercial cultivars of vegetable and cucurbit crops, 69 seed and vegetative samples of vegetable crop wild relatives, plus a number of fodder plant samples. Russian and foreign breeding companies whose cultivars are popular in Kabar dino-Balkaria were identified.

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Replenishment and rationalization of seed collections of pumpkin, vegetable marrow and summer squash for ex situ conservation and use for breeding in Armenia

Genetic Resources ◽

10.46265/genresj.2020.1.49-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

Alvina Avagyan ◽

Gayane Sargsyan ◽

Raya Balayan ◽

Laura Tadevosyan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Genetic Enhancement ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Summer Squash ◽

Base Broadening ◽

Vegetable Marrow ◽

The Republic ◽

Seed Collections

The conservation and sustainable use of crop genetic resources are crucial for food security and economic development, and diverse genetic resources are a critical input in the agricultural production process. To conserve the gene pool of vegetable crops of Armenia, the Scientiﬁc Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia carried out activities to upgrade storage facilities and optimize the existing seed collections. Newly created long-term and medium-term seed collections of pumpkin, vegetable marrow and summer squash reliably conserve genetic resources of these crops and create a base for undertaking genetic enhancement and base-broadening efforts. A database and application of barcodes and QR-code labels facilitate the search of required accessions, making the stored genetic materials more accessible for users and promoting their wider use in breeding.

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