scholarly journals Multicentric lymphoma with metastasis in the central nervous system in a dog

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Aptekmann ◽  
C.E. Okamoto ◽  
K.C.H. Campos ◽  
R.K. Takahira
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Immunohistochemical Examination ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neoplastic Lymphocytes ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Multicentric Lymphoma

Multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed in a two-year-old dog with respiratory distress, dysorexia, abdominal enlargement and generalized lymphadenopathy. Immunohistochemical examination showed T-cell origin with CD3+ e CD79- expression. After five weeks, progressive neurological deficits and neoplastic lymphocytes were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic cell invasion in the spleen, lymph nodes, cerebrum and cerebellum.

Acute bilateral trigeminal neuropathy associated with nervous system lymphosarcoma in a dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Pfaff ◽  
PA March ◽  
C Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Spinal Root ◽  
Trigeminal Neuropathy ◽  
Neoplastic Lymphocytes ◽  
Multicentric Lymphoma ◽  
Masseter Muscles

A nine-year-old dog presented with clinical signs consistent with bilateral trigeminal neuropathy. Multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed, and neoplastic lymphocytes were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. Electromyography revealed spontaneous activity in temporal and masseter muscles. Histopathological examination demonstrated neoplastic cell invasion of temporal and masseter myofibers and of multiple peripheral nerves, including the trigeminal nerve. Central nervous system pathology consisted primarily of spinal root and leptomeningeal lymphoid cell infiltration with relative sparing of spinal cord and brain parenchyma.

Amiloride Alleviates Neurological Deficits Following Transient Global Ischemia and Engagement of Central IL-6 and TNF-α Signal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Li Pang ◽  
Shouqin Ji ◽  
Jihong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Transient Global Ischemia

Background: Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in neurological deficits after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The present study was to examine if blocking acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) using amiloride in the Central Nervous System can alleviate neurological deficits after the induction of CA and further examine the participation of PIC signal in the hippocampus for the effects of amiloride. Methods: CA was induced by asphyxia and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in rats. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine the protein expression of ASIC subunit ASIC1 in the hippocampus, and the levels of PICs. As noted, it is unlikely that this procedure is clinically used although amiloride and other pharmacological agents were given into the brain in this study. Results: CA increased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of rats in comparison with control animals. This was associated with the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α together with Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The administration of amiloride into the lateral ventricle attenuated the upregulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9 and this further alleviated neurological severity score and brain edema. Inhibition of central IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of CA rats. Conclusion: Transient global ischemia induced by CA amplifies ASIC1a in the hippocampus likely via PIC signal. Amiloride administered into the Central Nervous System plays a neuroprotective role in the process of global ischemia. Thus, targeting ASICs (i.e., ASIC1a) is suggested for the treatment and improvement of CA-evoked global cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Infections, Vascular Events and Drug Toxicities Affecting the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Manoja Vinnakota ◽  
Robert Zeiser
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Graft

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. Acute Graft versus host diseases (GVHD) is a major immune mediated side effect of allo-HCT that can affect the central nervous system (CNS) in addition to post-allo-HCT vascular events, drug toxicity or infections. Here we summarize and discuss recent preclinical data on the CNS as a target of acute GVHD and the known mechanisms contributing to neurotoxicity with a focus on microglia and T cells. We also discuss open questions in the field and place the findings made in mouse models in a clinical context. While in mice the neurological deficits can be assessed in a controlled fashion, in patients the etiology of the CNS damage is difficult to attribute to acute GVHD versus infections, vascular events, and drug-induced toxicity. Ultimately, we discuss novel therapies for GVHD of the CNS. Our understanding of the biological mechanisms that lead to neurotoxicity after allo-HCT increased over the last decade. This review provides insights into CNS manifestations of GVHD versus other etiologies of CNS damage in mice and patients.

scholarly journals Disseminated inflammation of the central nervous system associated with acute hepatitis E: a case report

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rahmig ◽  
Arne Grey ◽  
Marco Berning ◽  
Jochen Schaefer ◽  
Martin Lesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Off Label ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E

Abstract Background Hepatitis E infection affects over 20 million people worldwide. Reports of neurological manifestations are largely limited to the peripheral nervous system. We report a middle-aged genotype 3c male patient with acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and severe neurological deficits with evidence of multiple disseminated inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Case presentation A 42-year-old male patient presented to our emergency department with musculoskeletal weakness, bladder and bowel retention, blurred vision and ascending hypoesthesia up to the level of T8. Serology showed elevated liver enzymes and positive IgM-titers of hepatitis E. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed mild pleocytosis and normal levels of glucose, lactate and protein. HEV-RNA-copies were detected in the CSF and stool. Within 3 days after admission the patient became paraplegic, had complete visual loss and absent pupillary reflexes. MRI showed inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve sheaths, multiple subcortical brain regions and the spinal cord. Electrophysiology revealed axonal damage of the peroneal nerve on both sides with absent F-waves. Treatment was performed with methylprednisolone, two cycles of plasma exchange (PLEX), one cycle of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and ribavirin which was used off-label. Liver enzymes normalized after 1 week and serology was negative for HEV-RNA after 3 weeks. Follow-up MRI showed progressive demyelination and new leptomeningeal enhancement at the thoracic spine and cauda equina 4 weeks after admission. Four months later, after rehabilitation was completed, repeated MRI showed gliotic transformation of the spinal cord without signs of an active inflammation. Treatment with rituximab was initiated. The patient remained paraplegic and hypoesthesia had ascended up to T5. Nevertheless, he regained full vision. Conclusions Our case indicates a possible association of acute HEV infection with widespread disseminated central nervous system inflammation. Up to now, no specific drugs have been approved for the treatment of acute HEV infection. We treated our patient off-label with ribavirin and escalated immunomodulatory therapy considering clinical progression and the possibility of an autoimmune response targeting nerve cell structures. While response to treatment was rather limited in our case, detection of HEV in patients with acute neurological deficits might help optimize individual treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Upregulation and coexpression of adhesion molecules correlate with relapsing autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cannella ◽  
A H Cross ◽  
C S Raine
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Murine Homologue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Demyelination

The expression of adhesion molecules on central nervous system (CNS) vessels was examined during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the SJL mouse. Two molecules associated with cell adhesion were studied: MECA-325, a murine lymph node high endothelial venule marker; and MALA-2, the murine homologue of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. During initial disease, upregulated coexpression of these two molecules occurred in the CNS. This correlated with inflammatory cell invasion. During remission, expression was downregulated, and each subsequent relapse was accompanied by corresponding upregulation. Thus, up- and downregulation of adhesion molecules in the target organ appeared to form an integral part of the inflammatory process in this autoimmune condition and support a role for receptor-mediated inflammatory cell invasion of relevance to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Spinal Hemangiopericytoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Antônio Santos De Araújo Júnior ◽  
Arnaldo Salvestrini Júnior ◽  
Pedro Alberto Arlani ◽  
Orlando Parisi ◽  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Firm Mass

Introduction: Most hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are located in the musculoskeletal system and the skin, while the location in the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. Objective and Methods: We describe a patient suffering from a spinal extradural huge HPC, with marked spinal cord compression, extending from C6 to T3 level, who was elected to surgery. Results: Patient was submitted to surgery, via a posterior approach, indentifying a huge red-brown firm mass, highly vascular, that was softly dissected from surrounding tissues. Total gross removal was accomplished, with “in-block” resection, preserving neurological function, as shown by somatosensitive evoked potential. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry essay were performed confirming the diagnosis of Hemangiopericytoma. Conclusion: Spinal HPCs respond to approximately 8% of all HPC, tend to occur isolated and attached to spinal duramater, and usually present a good surgical cleavage between the tumor and the dura.

Myeloid cells: The Trojan horse for T cell invasion into the brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (520) ◽  
pp. eaaz9757
Author(s):  
Gilbert Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

C-type lectin receptors on myeloid cells regulate the activation and infiltration of T cells into the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

scholarly journals Migration of Self-Introduced Acupuncture Needle into the Brainstem

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-436
Author(s):  
Shadi El-Wahsh ◽  
Johnny Efendy ◽  
Mark Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Acupuncture Needle ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Operative Assessment

ABSTRACTAcupuncture-related injuries to the central nervous system are a rare but well-documented occurrence. This report describes the case of a self-introduced acupuncture needle migrating into the brainstem following an initial failed attempt at surgical extraction. The patient displayed no neurological deficits, and the needle was eventually successfully removed under direct vision intraoperatively. We discuss the role of various imaging modalities in pre- and post-operative assessment of penetrating foreign bodies in the brainstem. We also discuss the options available for the management of such foreign bodies, including possible approaches for operative intervention, and the risks involved with both surgical and conservative management.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Spontaneous Remission and Relapse of a Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ramos ◽  
João Soares Fernandes ◽  
Marta Almeida ◽  
Rui Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Primary central nervous system lymphoma remission after steroid treatment is a well-known phenomenon, but remission without any type of treatment is extremely rare. We present a rare case of spontaneous remission of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system as well as its subsequent reappearance in another location. The atypical presentation misled the neurosurgeons and neurologists, delaying diagnosis and treatment. The patient underwent brain biopsy after the relapse and started radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cytarabine + methotrexate + rituximab. As of 32 months after the diagnosis, the patient remained asymptomatic, with no focal neurological deficits and the disease in complete remission. A PubMed search of the literature up to June 2017 regarding spontaneous remission central nervous system lymphoma was also carried out.

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