scholarly journals Downward surface flux computations in a vertically inhomogeneous grey planetary atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Marcos Pimenta de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Planetary Atmosphere ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Computational Scheme ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Nodal Method ◽  
Efficient Scheme

We describe an efficient computational scheme for downward surface flux computations in a vertically inhomogeneous grey planetary atmosphere for different values of solar zenith angle. We start with the basic equations of a recently developed discrete ordinates spectral nodal method, and we derive suitable bidirectional functions whose diffuse components do not depend on the solar zenith angle. We then make use of these bidirectional functions to construct an efficient scheme for computing the downward surface fluxes in a given model atmosphere for a number of solar zenith angles. We illustrate the merit of the computational scheme described here with downward surface flux computations in a three-layer grey model atmosphere for four values of solar zenith angle, and we conclude this article with general remarks and directions for future work.

Effect of solar zenith angle on satellite cloud retrievals based on O2–O2 absorption band

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 4224-4240
Author(s):  
Gyuyeon Kim ◽  
Yong-Sang Choi ◽  
Sang Seo Park ◽  
Jhoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle

Sun-induced production of vitamin D3 throughout 1 year in tropical and subtropical regions: relationship with latitude, cloudiness, UV-B exposure and solar zenith angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Angela C. G. B. Leal ◽  
Marcelo P. Corrêa ◽  
Michael F. Holick ◽  
Enaldo V. Melo ◽  
Marise Lazaretti-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle

scholarly journals Effects of Diurnal Variations on Tropical Equilibrium States: A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouting Gao ◽  
Yushu Zhou ◽  
Xiaofan Li
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract Effects of diurnal variations on tropical heat and water vapor equilibrium states are investigated based on hourly data from two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations. The model is integrated for 40 days and the simulations reach equilibrium states in all experiments. The simulation with a time-invariant solar zenith angle produces a colder and drier equilibrium state than does the simulation with a diurnally varied solar zenith angle. The simulation with a diurnally varied sea surface temperature generates a colder equilibrium state than does the simulation with a time-invariant sea surface temperature. Mass-weighted mean temperature and precipitable water budgets are analyzed to explain the thermodynamic differences. The simulation with the time-invariant solar zenith angle produces less solar heating, more condensation, and consumes more moisture than the simulation with the diurnally varied solar zenith angle. The simulation with the diurnally varied sea surface temperature produces a colder temperature through less latent heating and more IR cooling than the simulation with the time-invariant sea surface temperature.

Cold Pools and Their Influence on the Tropical Marine Boundary Layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. de Szoeke ◽  
Eric D. Skyllingstad ◽  
Paquita Zuidema ◽  
Arunchandra S. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Cold Pools ◽  
Central Indian Ocean

Abstract Cold pools dominate the surface temperature variability observed over the central Indian Ocean (0°, 80°E) for 2 months of research cruise observations in the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) experiment in October–December 2011. Cold pool fronts are identified by a rapid drop of temperature. Air in cold pools is slightly drier than the boundary layer (BL). Consistent with previous studies, cold pools attain wet-bulb potential temperatures representative of saturated downdrafts originating from the lower midtroposphere. Wind and surface fluxes increase, and rain is most likely within the ~20-min cold pool front. Greatest integrated water vapor and liquid follow the front. Temperature and velocity fluctuations shorter than 6 min achieve 90% of the surface latent and sensible heat flux in cold pools. The temperature of the cold pools recovers in about 20 min, chiefly by mixing at the top of the shallow cold wake layer, rather than by surface flux. Analysis of conserved variables shows mean BL air is composed of 51% air entrained from the BL top (800 m), 22% saturated downdrafts, and 27% air at equilibrium with the ocean surface. The number of cold pools, and their contribution to the BL heat and moisture, nearly doubles in the convectively active phase compared to the suppressed phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation.

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