scholarly journals Entrenching the Problem? International Organizations and Their Engagement in Latin America to Address Violence: The Case of the European Union in the Northern Triangle

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-379
Author(s):  
Kai Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Central America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Human System ◽  
The World

Abstract Latin America is the most violent region in the world. Yet, decades of political and financial investment by the international community have not had the desired results. Using the work of the European Union in the Northern Triangle of Central America as a case study, this article asks what explains this failure. Utilizing the conceptual framework of Complexity and Human System Dynamics, it argues that current policies actually entrench the pattern of conditions which lead to, and sustain, violence. It shows how, by reconceptualizing this problem using the concepts of Complexity, policies could be made more effective and sustainable.

Digital Agriculture Strategy

2022 ◽  
pp. 283-314
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Trends

The aim of this chapter is to examine strategies for digitalizing agriculture. The first part of the chapter examines strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Africa. This part begins with an analysis of the role of agriculture in Africa, and it attempts to answer the question of whether African can feed itself and the world through its own agriculture. The first part will also consider strategies for innovating and computerizing Africa's agriculture. The second part of the chapter will examine agricultural trends and strategies in the European Union. This part will focus specifically on the trends of digital-oriented and smart farm developments. The final part of the chapter will consider strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Latin America and Asia.

scholarly journals Culture Clashes At Mehta Investment Group: A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Kamlesh T. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Group A ◽  
Investment Firm

The case study is about a small multinational financial investment firm located in England with over $43 millions in net profit and employs over 500 people. Thirteen employees of the firm have complained about the display of a Swastika by co-workers in the workplace. The company is faced with the challenges associated with diverse workforce with different nationalities, cultural values, and religious beliefs, and legal complications in the European Union.

4. Liberalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Russett
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World

This chapter examines the expansion of three central phenomena associated with liberalism and its emphasis on the potentially peace-promoting effects of domestic and transnational institutions: the spread of democracy throughout most of the world; globalization; and the proliferation of intergovernmental organizations, especially those composed primarily of democratic governments. Each of these assumptions supports and extends the other in a powerful feedback system envisioned by Immanuel Kant. The chapter first considers four major changes in the world over the last century and particularly over recent decade before discussing the ‘epidemiology’ of international conflict. It then explores constraints on war from the perspective of realism vs. liberal institutionalism, whether democracies are peaceful in general, and how order is nurtured within anarchy. It also presents a case study of the European Union and concludes with some reflections on power, hegemony, and liberalism.

scholarly journals Legitimacy and the Cognitive Sources of International Institutional Change: The Case of Regional Parliamentarization

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Lenz ◽  
Alexandr Burilkov ◽  
Lora Anne Viola
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Causal Mechanisms

Abstract How and under what conditions does legitimacy affect processes of international institutional change? This article specifies and evaluates three causal mechanisms by which variation in legitimacy induces institutional change in international organizations (IOs) and argues that an important, yet hitherto neglected, source of legitimacy-based change is cognitive in nature. Using survival analysis, we evaluate these mechanisms with a novel dataset on the establishment of parliamentary institutions in thirty-six regional organizations between 1950 and 2010. We find that the empowerment of supranational secretariats, engagement with the European Union, and parliamentarization in an organization's neighborhood increase the likelihood of regional parliamentarization. This suggests that legitimacy judgments that draw on cognitive referents provide an important source of international institutional change. We illustrate the underlying cognitive emulation mechanism with a case study of parliamentarization in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

scholarly journals Global Journey to Post-Pandemic Normalcy and Revival

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Spring/Summer) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

After a year of COVID-19, countries, societies, and individuals are longing for normalcy and beginning to consider what life will be like post-pandemic. Efforts and experiences of countries in the European Union, Asia, Asia-Pacific, Australia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States are examined as they face challenges to end the pandemic and prepare for the post-pandemic reality. What will be the post-pandemic "new normalcy"? What changes caused by the pandemic are permanent in societies and the world? What are the necessary reforms that have to take place as part of normalcy? Reflections on the impacts of vaccinations, herd immunity, societal improvements and reorganizations, trends, and actions in the post-COVID-19 world are discussed.

scholarly journals Impacto del covid-19 en las exportaciones de banano, camarón y flores durante el 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5615-5630
Author(s):  
Pauleth Estefanny Peñaloza Veintimilla ◽  
Andrea del Cisne Vega Granda ◽  
Víctor Javier Garzón Montealegre ◽  
Eveligh Prado-Carpio ◽  
Jessica Maribel Quezada Campoverde
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Impact

Debido a la aparición del nuevo virus llamado covid-19 que se originó en Wuhan-China y que rápidamente se propagó alrededor del mundo, el mismo ocasionó graves problemas en todos los sectores, por lo que los gobiernos decidieron realizar un confinamiento en los primeros meses del 2020, con ello el cierre de los puertos, aeropuertos y fronteras, así como también, la reducción de horas de trabajo, paralización del transporte, entre otros. Las regiones más afectadas por la pandemia fueron América Latina y El Caribe. Los sectores más dinámicos en la economía en Ecuador son: el bananero, camaronero y de las flores, los mismos que en los últimos años han aumentado su contribución al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el impacto del covid-19 en las exportaciones de banano, camarón y flores tomando en cuenta los factores preponderantes que han hecho que estos sectores se vean afectados durante el periodo 2020. Se realizó mediante un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, para la sección de resultados se tomó la información de páginas oficiales y seguidamente su análisis de los tres sectores. Se concluye que para el 2020, las exportaciones ecuatorianas fueron positivas, debido a que tuvieron un crecimiento en los productos de banano y camarón; mientras que, las flores fue el sector más perjudicado. Los mercados más importantes para las exportaciones del país son EEUU, la Unión Europea y China.   Due to the appearance of the new virus called covid-19 that originated in Wuhan-China and that quickly spread around the world, it caused serious problems in all sectors, so the governments decided to carry out a lockdown in the first months of 2020, with this the closure of ports, airports and borders, as well as the reduction of working hours, paralysis of transport, among others. The regions most affected by the pandemic were Latin America and the Caribbean. The most dynamic sectors in the economy in Ecuador are: the banana, shrimp and flower sectors, the same ones that in recent years have increased their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of covid-19 on banana, shrimp and flower exports, taking into account the preponderant factors that have caused these sectors to be affected during the 2020 period. It was carried out using a non-experimental design, descriptive, for the results section the information from official pages was taken and then its analysis of the three sectors. It is concluded that for 2020, Ecuadorian exports were positive, due to the growth in banana and shrimp products; while flowers were the most affected sector. The most important markets for the country's exports are the US, the European Union and China.  

scholarly journals GOVERNMENT LEGAL RESPONSE IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY OF SLOVENIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Intihar Marulc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Response ◽  
The World

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a disruptive occurrence that has impacted our economies and lives with many restrictions. Countries around the world suffered comparable problems, and many were caught by surprise or unprepared. Each took a slightly different approach. This paper examines a case study of a member of the European Union, Slovenia, how it tried to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic with the implementation of eight new legal acts and helped its economy. Speed proved as one of the crucial factors in legal response while battling the COVID-19 pandemic and trying to help the most affected areas by the disease and various restrictions.

Judicial Review of Administrative Action: Europe and Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 316-325
Author(s):  
Mario P. Chiti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
General Part

This chapter provides a comparison of the discipline of judicial review of administrative action in Latin America and in Europe. In terms of judicial review in Latin America, international organizations did not exercise an 'integrative influence' as the Council of Europe and the European Union did in Europe. It may be said that the relative homogeneity of the systems of judicial review in Latin America is mainly the result of the cultural polity formed by many states resulting from the disintegration of the Spanish and Portuguese domains. The chapter then considers the main points of the general part of Professor Brewer-Carias's report on the discipline of judicial review of administrative action in Latin America, which shows a situation very similar to the European one. These include the nature of judicial review; administrative procedure and judicial review; procedural infringements; administrative appeals; monism and dualism; and judicial proceedings.

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