scholarly journals Morphology of glandular stomach (Ventriculus glandularis) and muscular stomach (Ventriculus muscularis) of the partrigde Rhynchotus rufescens

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Regina Rossi ◽  
Silvana Martinez Baraldi-Artoni ◽  
Daniela Oliveira ◽  
Claudinei da Cruz ◽  
Vanessa Sobue Franzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Glandular Stomach ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Morphologic Study ◽  
Simple Cubic ◽  
Columnar Cells

Twenty adult partridges Rhynchotus rufescens were used for morphologic and histological study. The materials destined to the morphologic study were collected and the lengths of the glandular stomach and of the muscular stomach were measured. For the histological study, fragments of the glandular stomach (gastric proventriculus, Ventriculus glandularis) and of the muscular stomach (gastric ventriculus, Ventriculus muscularis) were stained routinely with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome stain. Glandular stomach is prolonged, with a fusiform format toward craniocaudalis and for the left. It presents a mean length of 3.20cm in the females and 3.65cm in the males. Gastric proventriculus is composed by several lobes and glands. The mucosa is formed by a simple cubic epithelium, which is much folded. Muscular stomach has the format of a biconvex lens, with 4.30cm and 4.35cm of mean length for the females and male, respectively. The mucosa is formed by folds lined by columnar cells and the mucus that forms the cuticula. There are crypts in the base of the folds. Closely, there is a lamina propria and a thick smooth muscle layer, which is placed according to the format of the organ. A dense portion of connective tissue constitutes the serosa, mixed by some smooth muscle cells.

scholarly journals A comparative histological study of ceca and rectum in common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) according to their food type

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Iman Mousa Khaleal
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Falco Tinnunculus ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Muscularis Externa

     The present study is designed to investigate the histological structure of large intestine of two species of Iraqi birds which belong to two different orders which vary in their kinds of food. Adult birds common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) that belong to carnivorous and white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) which belongs to omnivorous. This study was carried on 10 birds (5 common kestrel and 5 white-eared bulbul) used for histological study of the ceca and rectum in the two species of birds that include the determination of ceca and rectum, measurements of height columnar cells, villus height, and the thickness of wall tunics. Different types of stains were used including Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as special stains including Periodic Acid Schiff, Alcian blue- Periodic Acid Schiff and Van Gieson. The present result revealed   that the ceca was lymphoid type and the wall of the ceca consisted of mucosa, muscularis externa and serosa whereas the submucosa was absent in the two studied birds. The mucosa in ceca was formed by along villi, with different shapes at the proximal part of the ceca while in the middle parte it changed into folds or mounds like which were flat mucosa in the proximal part of the ceca in the two studied birds. The mucosa of ceca was lined by simple columnar cells with brush border and goblet cells; this epithelium extended to line the crypts of lieberkuhn in the bases of villi and folds. While the rectum appeared as muscular tube which consist of four basic of the digestive tract tunics; tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The mucosa was covered by simple columnar cells with brush border and numerous goblet cells that continue to line the crypts of lieberkuhn located between the villi and that which occupied the lamina propria.

HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 3-TRIFLUORMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL (TFM) ON LARVAL LAMPREY AND TROUT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Christie ◽  
Helen I. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Red Coloration

Larvae of the lamprey, Entosphenus lamottei (Le Sueur), and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, were exposed to the sodium salt of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in concentrations of 0.75 p.p.m., 3.00 p.p.m., and 6.00 p.p.m. Microscopic examination of changes induced in the gills, liver, cloacal region, and musculature were made on 7-micron sections stained with Harris' haematoxylin and Bowie's eosin, and in the gill region with periodic acid Schiff reagent. A comparison of the degree of the effects in the two species was made by planimetry of the vascular, cellular, and edematous areas from enlarged drawings of sections.Upon exposure to lethal concentrations of TFM, the body of the larval lamprey becomes distended at the pharyngeal level and heavy cords of mucus emerge from the external gill clefts. A deep red coloration is evident in the pharyngeal region consequent upon vasodilatation of the arterioles and capillaries of the gill filaments. Trout exhibit a similar vasodilatation of the gills together with increased mucous secretion. Edema in the connective tissue between the respiratory epithelium and the vascular endothelium is induced in both species. After prolonged exposure to TFM, the mucous cells in the lining of the branchial chamber and covering the tips of the gill filaments are actively discharging their secretions or completely spent.Certain effects induced by TFM in the larval lamprey are not evident in the trout. The cloacal region takes on a deep red coloration due to dilatation of the venous sinuses and the liver becomes reddish because of sinusoidal dilatation. Extensive edema of the fibrous connective tissue of the skeletal musculature is characteristically present. A slightly increased secretory activity of mucous-secreting cells may occur in the epidermis.With the techniques employed in this study, there was no evidence in either species of cytological or histological changes in the nervous tissue, cardiac musculature, notochord, alimentary canal (including the haemopoietic typhlosole of the lamprey), or mesonephros.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Lung Lesions in Aging Laboratory Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Cooper ◽  
J. W. Griffith ◽  
Z. C. Chroneos ◽  
J. M. Izer ◽  
L. B. Willing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Heterotopic Bone ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Age Related

Spontaneous age-related lesions of laboratory rabbits are not well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. A retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies of 36 rabbits >2 years of age found a number of common lung lesions. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia affected medium and to a lesser extent large pulmonary arteries and was present to a variable extent in all 36 rabbits >2 years of age. The lesions were characterized by fragmentation and/or reduplication of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), proliferation of smoothelin+/alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+/vimentin− smooth muscle cells and fewer smoothelin−/α-SMA+/vimentin+ myofibroblasts, and intimal deposition of collagen without thrombosis, embolism, or evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary emphysema, present in 30/36 rabbits, was characterized by the loss of alveolar septa; most affected rabbits did not have clinical signs of respiratory disease. In 8/13 rabbits of the inbred EIII/JC audiogenic strain, we identified a unique syndrome of granulomatous pneumonia containing hyaline brown to gray, globular to ring-like acellular material that was Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. The material was immunoreactive for surfactant protein-A and had the ultrastructural appearance of multilamellar vesicles, suggesting a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism. Additionally, we found small benign primary lung tumors (fibropapillomas, 5 rabbits) not previously described. Other findings included heterotopic bone (5 rabbits), subacute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyogranulomatous pneumonia with plant material, and pulmonary artifacts from barbiturate euthanasia solution.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES OF HEART TISSUE

1961 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Kaplan ◽  
Frederick D. Dallenbach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Using fluorescent antibody methods, deposits of bound gamma globulin, as determined in unfixed washed sections of auricular appendages from rheumatic hearts, were noted in a significant number (18 per cent) of 100 specimens studied. Such deposits were observed in myofibers, sarcolemma, interstitial connective tissue, and vessel walls. Albumin and fibrin were generally found absent from these sites. Control hearts from normal and pathologic material, including postmortem and biopsied specimens, in general, did not reveal such deposits. These various tissue sites which contained bound gamma globulin frequently exhibited evidence of alteration as indicated both by enhanced affinity for eosin and by strongly positive reaction with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and appeared comparable in some cases to "fibrinoid." Bound gamma globulin was not observed in cellular or stromal components of Aschoff lesions, nor was the occurrence of Aschoff lesions correlated with presence of bound gamma globulin. It is suggested that deposition of gamma globulin and the eosinophilic alteration associated with such deposition are related to certain of the pathologic changes of rheumatic heart disease. The nature of such deposits of gamma globulin was considered from immune and non-immune points of view.

scholarly journals Pathology of idiopathic megarectum and megacolon

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Gattuso ◽  
M A Kamm ◽  
I C Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Muscle Fibrosis ◽  
Idiopathic Megacolon ◽  
Resected Tissue ◽  
Idiopathic Megarectum

Background—The aetiology and pathology of both idiopathic megarectum and idiopathic megacolon are unknown. In particular, it is unknown whether there are abnormalities involving enteric nerves or smooth muscle.Methods—Resected tissue was examined from 24 patients who underwent surgery for idiopathic megarectum, from six patients who had tissue resected for idiopathic megacolon, and 17 control patients who had surgery for non-obstructing large bowel cancer. Qualitative and quantitative histological examination was performed after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Martius scarlet blue (MSB), and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH). Neural and glial tissue were examined after immunostaining with S100 and PGP9.5.Results—Compared with controls, patients with idiopathic megarectum had significant thickening of their muscularis mucosae (median 78 v 33 μm, p<0.005), circular muscle (1000 v 633 μm, p<0.005), and longitudinal muscle (1083v 303 μm, p<0.005), despite rectal dilatation. This thickening was relatively greater in the longitudinal than in the circular muscle. Fibrosis of the longitudinal muscle was seen, using MSB staining, in 58%, of circular muscle in 38%, and of muscularis mucosae in 29% of patients. The relation between muscle thickening and fibrosis was variable. The density of neural tissue in the longitudinal muscle seemed to be reduced in patients with idiopathic megarectum. There was no thickening of enteric muscle or alteration in the density of innervation in patients with idiopathic megacolon.Conclusion—There is notable thickening of the enteric smooth muscle in patients with idiopathic megarectum, but the architecture of the enteric innervation seems to be intact. Functional abnormalities of the latter remain a possible cause of the smooth muscle hypertrophy.

scholarly journals The Potential of Light Microscopic Features of the Oral Mucosa in Predicting Post-mortem Interval

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. e34-41
Author(s):  
Jagganath Patro ◽  
Swagatika Panda ◽  
Neeta Mohanty ◽  
Uma S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Microscopic Features

Objectives: The post-mortem interval (PMI) refers to the amount of time elapsed between death and discovery of the body. This study aimed to evaluate light microscopic cellular changes in the oral mucosa and identify the potential of this method for predicting PMI. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July 2016 and January 2018 at the Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India. A total of 150 post-mortem (including 75 gingival and 75 buccal mucosa samples) and 40 ante-mortem (including 20 gingival and 20 buccal mucosa samples) tissue samples were compared using haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and van Gieson stains. Microscopic changes in the epithelium and connective tissue were categorised according to PMI stage as early (<12.5 hours since death), intermediate (12.5–20.5 hours since death) or late (>20.5 hours since death). Results: Most epithelial cellular changes occurred early, except for arc-shaped nuclei and epithelial shredding which were intermediate and late changes, respectively. However, microscopic changes in the connective tissue were only observable at ≥12.5 hours. There was a progressive decrease in intensity in van Gieson stains and an increase in intensity in PAS stains as PMI increased. Several microscopic features were found to be significant predictors of PMI including epithelial homogenisation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear degeneration, arc-shaped nuclei, chromatin clumping, red blood cell clumping and lysis, melanin incontinency, myofibril degeneration, salivary gland acini degeneration and epithelial connective tissue separation (P <0.050 each). Conclusion: These findings indicate that microscopic evaluation of the oral mucosa may be helpful for PMI prediction.   KEYWORDS Post-mortem Changes; Light Microscopy; Oral Mucosa; Epithelial Cells; Lamina Propria; Salivary Glands; Histocytochemistry; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; India.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Mariarita Romanucci ◽  
Paolo E. Crisi ◽  
Maria Veronica Giordano ◽  
Morena Di Tommaso ◽  
Francesco Simeoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Lumen

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.

Trophoblast ultrastructure in murine interspecies pregnancy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
M. Crepeau ◽  
S. Yamashiro ◽  
T. Bast ◽  
B.A. Croy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Mus Caroli ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Time Point

Mus caroli blastocysts transferred to the uterus of pseudopregnant Mus musculus implant but do not survive past midgestation. Blastocyst microsurgery has been used to show that trophoblast is the tissue responsible for pregnancy failure but the nature of the failure remains undefined. Therefore a histological study, was undertaken to compare development of M. caroli embryos in M. musculus and M. caroli uteri at a time point just prior to development of grossly observable lesions.Seven transferred M. caroli embryos and six transferred M. musculus embryos were recovered from three M. musculus recipients on day 8.5 of gestation. Four M. caroli embryos recovered from a M. caroli uterus on day 7.5 of gestation were used as stage-matched controls. For light microscopy, 2 μm thick, glycol methacrylate embedded (3), sections of implantation sites were stained with H & E or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). For electron microscopy, small pieces of the tissues were fixed and processed routinely.

The presence of LPS in OVA inhalations affects airway inflammation and AHR but not remodeling in a rodent model of asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. L54-L63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimitake Tsuchiya ◽  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Paul-André Risse ◽  
Nobuaki Hirota ◽  
James G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Ifn Γ

Ovalbumin (OVA) is the most frequently used allergen in animal models of asthma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminating commercial OVA may modulate the evoked airway inflammatory response to OVA. However, the effect of LPS in OVA on airway remodeling, especially airway smooth muscle (ASM) has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that LPS in commercial OVA may enhance allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Brown Norway rats were sensitized with OVA on day 0. PBS, OVA, or endotoxin-free OVA (Ef-OVA) was instilled intratracheally on days 14, 19, 24. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung, and intrathoracic lymph node tissues were collected 48 h after the last challenge. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin, Periodic-Acid-Schiff staining, and real-time qPCR were performed. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was also measured. BAL fluid macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were increased in OVA-challenged animals, and macrophages and neutrophils were significantly lower in Ef-OVA-challenged animals. The ASM area in larger airways was significantly increased in both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS-challenged animals. The mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-13 in lung tissues and IL-4 in lymph nodes was significantly increased by both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS and were not significantly different between OVA and Ef-OVA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in BAL fluid and AHR were significantly increased in OVA but not in Ef-OVA. LPS contamination in OVA contributes to the influx of macrophages and MCP-1 increase in the airways and to AHR after OVA challenges but does not affect OVA-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, goblet cell hyperplasia, and ASM remodeling.

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