scholarly journals Subarachnoidally administered hyperbaric morphine, buprenorphine, methadone, and 10% dextrose on cardiopulmonary function and behavior in horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1444-1449
Author(s):  
Cláudio Corrêa Natalini ◽  
Renata Lehn Linardi ◽  
Alexandre da Silva Polydoro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
And Behavior

The study was done to compare the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, body temperature, and behavior after subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric morphine (MorphineD10), buprenorphine (BuprenorphineD10), methadone (Methadone D10), and 10% dextrose (D10) in conscious horses. Six adult horses were studied. Treatments were administered into the lombo-sacral subarachnoid space through an epidural catheter, MorphineD10 at 0.01mg kg-1, BuprenorphineD10 at 0.001mg kg-1, MethadoneD10 at 0.01mg kg-1, and 10% dextrose as a control group. The results showed that there are minimum changes in heart and respiratory rate, blood gases, blood pressure, and body temperature after subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric opioids in horses. No sedation and nor motor impairment or behavioral changes occur.

Comparison of SVO2, SpO2, and clinical parameters with arterial blood gases during ventilatory weaning after cardiac surgery

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Noll ◽  
JF Byers
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

Correlations of mixed venous and arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure with arterial blood gas variables were computed for 57 sets of data obtained from 30 postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients who were being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Arterial oxygen saturation and respiratory rate correlated significantly, although moderately, with blood gases.

Cardiovascular response to arousal from sleep under controlled conditions of central and peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. O'Driscoll ◽  
Guy E. Meadows ◽  
Douglas R. Corfield ◽  
Anita K. Simonds ◽  
Mary J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia

The cardiovascular response to an arousal occurring at the termination of an obstructive apnea is almost double that to a spontaneous arousal. We investigated the hypothesis that central plus peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation, induced by hypercapnic hypoxia (HH), augments the cardiovascular response to arousal from sleep. Auditory-induced arousals during normoxia and HH (>10-s duration) were analyzed in 13 healthy men [age 24 ± 1 (SE) yr]. Subjects breathed on a respiratory circuit that held arterial blood gases constant, despite the increased ventilation associated with arousal. Arousals were associated with a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure at 5 s ( P < 0.001) and with a significant decrease in the R-R interval at 3 s ( P < 0.001); however, the magnitude of the changes was not significantly different during normoxia compared with HH (mean arterial blood pressure: normoxia, 91 ± 4 to 106 ± 4 mmHg; HH, 91 ± 4 to 109 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.32; R-R interval: normoxia, 1.12 ± 0.04 to 1.02 ± 0.05 s; HH, 1.09 ± 0.05 to 0.92 ± 0.04 s; P = 0.78). Mean ventilation increased significantly at the second breath postarousal for both conditions ( P < 0.001), but the increase was not significantly different between the two conditions (normoxia, 5.35 ± 0.40 to 9.57 ± 1.69 l/min; HH, 8.57 ± 0.63 to 11.98 ± 0.70 l/min; P = 0.71). We conclude that combined central and peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation with the use of HH does not interact with the autonomic outflow associated with arousal from sleep to augment the cardiovascular response.

Relative latency of responses of chemoreceptor afferents from aortic and carotid bodies

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lahiri ◽  
T. Nishino ◽  
E. Mulligan ◽  
A. Mokashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Carotid Chemoreceptors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Bodies

Discharges from aortic and carotid body chemoreceptor afferents were simultaneously recorded in 18 anesthetized cats to test the hypothesis that aortic chemoreceptors, because of their proximity to the heart, respond to changes in arterial blood gases before carotid chemoreceptors. We found that carotid chemoreceptor responses to the onset of hypoxia and hypercapnia, and to the intravenously administered excitatory drugs (cyanide, nicotine, and doxapram), preceded those of aortic chemoreceptors. Postulating that this unexpected result was due to differences in microcirculation and mass transport, we also investigated their relative speed of responses to changes in arterial blood pressure. The aortic chemoreceptors responded to decreases in arterial blood pressure before the carotid chemoreceptors, supporting the idea that the aortic body has microcirculatory impediments not generally present in the carotid body. These findings strengthened the concept that carotid bodies are more suited for monitoring blood gas changes due to respiration, whereas aortic bodies are for monitoring circulation.

Acute lung injury from mechanical ventilation at moderately high airway pressures

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
P. Prato ◽  
T. Kolobow
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Atelectasis ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood

We have explored adverse pulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation at a peak inspiratory pressure of 30 cmH2O in paralyzed and anesthetized healthy sheep. A control group of eight sheep (group A) was mechanically ventilated with 40% oxygen at a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg, a frequency of 15 breaths/min, a peak inspiratory pressure less than 18 cmH2O, and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 3-5 cmH2O. During the ensuing 48 h, there were no measurable deleterious changes in lung function or arterial blood gases. Another 19 sheep were ventilated with 40% oxygen at a peak inspiratory pressure of 30 cmH2O under a different set of conditions and were randomly assigned to two groups. In group B, the respiratory rate was kept near 4 breaths/min to keep arterial PCO2 in the normal range; in group C, the frequency was kept near 15 breaths/min by including a variable dead space in the ventilator circuit to keep arterial PCO2 near baseline values. There was a progressive deterioration in total static lung compliance, functional residual capacity, and arterial blood gases. After some hours, there were abnormal chest roentgenographic changes. At time of death we found severe pulmonary atelectasis, increased wet lung weight, and an increase in the minimum surface tension of saline lung lavage fluid.

Influence of respiratory stress and hypertension upon the blood-brain barrier

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Sam Robinson ◽  
Robert A. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability ◽  
Bbb Opening

✓ The effects of acute hypertension and respiratory stress induced by Aramine (metaraminol bitartrate) upon blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were studied in adult inbred white rats. The BBB permeability was quantitated by slicing the brain of each animal into 500-µ thick sections, incubating the sections using the Reese-Karnovsky method, and counting all observed HRP perivascular exudates. No evidence of BBB compromise or significant elevation of blood pressure (BP) was observed in the following experimental groups: 1) control group of five animals; 2) hyperventilated group of five animals (final mean arterial blood gases: pO2, 104.2 mm Hg; pCO2, 24.8 mm Hg; pH, 7.53); 3) anoxicstress group of five animals (final mean arterial blood gases: pCO2, 31.4 mm Hg; pCO2, 58.2 mm Hg; pH, 7.21). However, in a group of 15 animals subjected to anoxic stress followed by hyperventilation, in addition to extreme changes in the levels of arterial blood gases, a significant BP increase occurred (mean BP increase per second, 3.43 ± 0.25 mm Hg; final mean BP, 163.3 ± 3.18 mm Hg); as well as significant BBB opening (mean number of HRP exudates per animal, 12.2 ± 0.85). Likewise, a final group of 10 animals given intravenous Aramine displayed a significant systemic BP elevation (mean BP increase per second, 6.9 ± 0.38 mm Hg; final mean BP, 165.8 ± 3.16 mm Hg), accompanied by BBB opening (mean number of exudates per animal, 51.5 ± 5.95). The variable most strongly associated with the degree of barrier opening was the rate of BP rise (correlation coefficient = + 0.84).

Monitoring and equipment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Recovery Room ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Additional Monitoring

Routine monitoring is an essential part of recovery room procedure. Respiration, a vital concern while awakening after anaesthesia, is given specific attention with reference to modern capnography. This chapter also describes additional monitoring in detail: pulse oximetry, blood pressure, central venous pressure, and arterial blood gases are clearly described. A comprehensive description of electrocardiography guides the student through this complicated subject. The monitoring of temperature and warming blankets, with suggestions for purchasing equipment, are included.

scholarly journals High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula vs. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Yiannis Papachatzakis ◽  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Sofoklis Kontogiannis ◽  
Georgia Trakada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula (HFNC) provides adequate oxygenation and can be an alternative to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of HFNC versus NIV in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients (n = 40) who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Alexandra Hospital due to hypercapnic respiratory failure (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) were randomized assigned into two groups, i.e., an intervention group (use of HFNC, n = 20) and a control group (use of NIV, n = 20). During their hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, vital signs (respiratory and heart rate, arterial blood pressure) and arterial blood gases (ABG) were closely monitored on admission, after 24 h and at discharge. No difference between the two groups regarding the duration of hospitalization and the use of HFNC or NIV was observed (p > 0.05). On admission, the two groups did not differ in terms of gender, age, body mass index, APACHE score, predicted death rate, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases (p > 0.05). Respiratory rate in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (p = 0.023). At discharge, partial carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2) in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (50.8 ± 9.4 mmHg versus 59.6 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.024). The lowerPaCO2 in the HFNC group than in the NIV group indicated that HFNC was superior to NIV in the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure.

The effect of nitrate supplementation on arterial blood gases, haemoglobin fractions and heart rate in Bos indicus cattle after exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Benu ◽  
L. A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. J. Callaghan ◽  
N. Tomkins ◽  
A. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exercise Regimen

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrate treatment on the arterial blood gas and haemoglobin fractions from Bos indicus steers after exercise. Bos indicus steers (n = 12; mean bodyweight ± s.e.m., 397 kg ± 10.84 kg) were used in this experiment to investigate the effects of three dose rates of nitrate salts (0, 30 or 50 g of nitrate/day) on arterial blood gases, methaemoglobin concentration, carboxyhaemoglobin concentration, oxyhaemoglobin concentration, total haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, heart rate, and respiratory rate after exercise. Increasing the dose rate of nitrate resulted in a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (P = 0.004) in blood. Steers treated with 50 g nitrate/day had a decrease in oxyhaemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001) and a concomitant increase in methaemoglobin (P = 0.001) and carboxyhaemoglobin (P = 0.001) compared with steers treated with 0 or 30 g nitrate/day. Steers dosed with 50 g of nitrate had greater heart rates immediately after the exercise regimen compared with the steers dosed with 30 g of nitrate (P = 0.043) or no nitrate (P = 0.018). There was no difference between treatments for respiratory rate (P = 0.673) or rectal temperature (P = 0.207) after the exercise regimen. Feeding nitrate to Bos indicus cattle results in a decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood. It is likely that doses of nitrate greater than 50 g per day for this class of animal could induce hypoxaemic trauma if cattle have exercise imposed after consuming a nitrate supplement.

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