scholarly journals Interactions in the Agrobacterium-soybean system and capability of some Brazilian soybean cultivars to produce somatic embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Orlando Di Mauro ◽  
José Carlos Martins de Nóbrega ◽  
Sonia Marli Z. Di Mauro ◽  
Glenn Burton Collins
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens C58 ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Twenty-five Brazilian soybean cultivars were studied for susceptibility to four strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (C58, Ach5, Bo542 and A281) and for their ability to produce somatic embryos. Twelve plants of each cultivar were inoculated in a greenhouse at 4-6 weeks of age, using 12 inoculation sites per plant. The number of galls formed on plants were counted 8-10 weeks after inoculation. To study ability to produce somatic embryos, immature cotyledons, 4-6 mm in length, were plated onto N10 medium for induction of somatic embryogenesis, using four Petri dishes with 20 cotyledons for each cultivar. The embryogenic tissues were transferred onto new N10 medium six times at 15-day intervals and the number of somatic embryos per cultivar determined. Significant interaction between soybean cultivars and A. tumefaciens strains was observed; the most virulent strain was A281. The opine type apparently had no effect on strain virulence, and the most embryogenic cultivars were IAS-5, Cristalina, FT-Cometa, IAC-7 and OC-3.

scholarly journals Effect of Container Culture Types on The Success of Cacao Somatic Embryos Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Nur Ajijah ◽  
Cici Tresniawati ◽  
Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Culture Container

<p><em>Container culture have an important role in determining the success of in vitro culture since it will affect the development of culture, such as the formation of embryonic structures. The study aimed to determine the effect of culture container types on cacao somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Superior Seed Development Unit of IAARD, Bogor, from April to September 2016. The tests were conducted on the effect of container and explant types as well as the effect of container types and genotypes. The effects of container and explant types were tested using callus induced from petal and staminoid explants of Sca 6, whereas the effects of container types and genotypes were tested using callus induced from petal explants of Sca 6 and ICCRI 4. Afterwards, the somatic embryos were induced using petri dishes or culture bottles according to treatment. The results showed no significant interaction between container and explant types on the average percentage of the formation and number of somatic embryos (10.28% embryos/explants in culture bottles and 7.89% embryos/explants in petri dishes). Meanwhile, there was significant interaction between genotypes and container types in the initial period of somatic embryos formation (15 and 18 weeks after culture), but the effect was not significant in the final period of observation (21 weeks after culture). The results indicate that culture bottles, which have lower prices, can be used to replace petri dishes to induce the formation of somatic embryos in cacao.</em></p>

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Commercial Soybean Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Raza ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

The efficient regeneration of plants from commercial genotypes is a pre-requisite for successful genetic transformation, to apply modern crop improvement techniques such as CRISPR-based genome editing. Plant regeneration through the somatic embryogenesis pathway offers an advantage over the organogenesis approach, avoiding the risk of developing chimeras. Plant genotype, explant type, and media compositions play an essential role in the in-vitro regeneration of plants. This study aimed to characterize the commercially grown Australian soybean genotypes for their potential to induce somatic embryos, embryo proliferation, maturation, germination, and plant regeneration. Overall, nine soybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups were evaluated. Immature cotyledon ranging from 2–4 and 4–6 mm in size were used as explants for somatic embryogenesis induction. Maximum somatic embryo induction frequency (86%) was observed from 4–6 mm immature cotyledons of the cv. Jack (MG III), followed by 66%, 26%, 21%, and 6% in cultivars Williams (MG III), Snowy (MG III), MoonB1 (MG V), and PNR791 (MG V), respectively. On the other hand, cv. Snowy showed maximum somatic-embryo-inducing potential (67%) in 2–4 mm immature cotyledons followed by Williams, Jack, MoonB1, and PNR791. Somatic embryos from Jack, Williams, and Snowy cultivars were further tested for embryo proliferation, maturation, and germination. Maximum proliferation and maturation were observed in cv. Jack, followed by Snowy and Williams. However, cv. Snowy showed a significantly higher conversion of cotyledonary stage embryos to plantlets (85%), than both Jack and Williams cultivars (53% each). In conclusion, this study outlined a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from three soybean cultivars. Our findings suggest commercial cv. Snowy could be a good candidate for developing transgenic plants through somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): ontogeny of somatic embryos

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Galvão Bezerra dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath ◽  
Maria Cecília C. Moço ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybean somatic embryos obtained from immature zygotic embryos were histologically analyzed in order to determine possible ontogenetic routes followed by these embryos. The proembryo stage and globular, heart-shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages were found, closely resembling the ontogeny of zygotic embryos. However, the absence of a characteristic suspensor as well as the delay in the establishment of inner organization were the main differences between these two embryogenic processes.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in elite clones of Theobroma cacao

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Édson Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Luciana Cardoso Cidade ◽  
Fátima Cerqueira Alvim ◽  
Júlio Cézar de Mattos Cascardo ◽  
Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Embryogenic Potential ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The objective of this work was to evaluated a procedure for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) elite clones. Petal explants from cacao clones TSH 565 and TSH 1188 were cultured on PCG and SCG-2 media, for calli growth. Somatic embryos were formed on the surface of embryogenic calli after transfer to embryo development (ED) medium. Clone TSH 565 showed a higher embryogenic potential than TSH 1188. The best combination of carbon source for embryo induction in ED medium was genotype-specific. Embryogenic callus formations increased in micropore tape-sealed Petri dishes, irrespective of cacao genotype. Mature somatic embryos were successfully converted into plantlets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of Japanese soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Hiraga ◽  
Hiroshi Minakawa ◽  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Ryoji Takahashi ◽  
Makita Hajika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Immature Cotyledons

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PICLORAM AND LIGHT ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS REGENERATION OF PINEAPPLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Roostika ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Ika Mariska ◽  
Gustaaf Adolf Wattimena
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

<p>Smooth Cayenne is the largest pineapple type cultivated in Indonesia, but its vegetative planting materials for mass propagation are limited. Somatic embryogenesis is a potential method to be applied. The aim of this study was to investigate the somatic embryogenesis regeneration under the effect of picloram and light. Callus formation was induced by picloram (21, 41 and 62 μM) added with 9 μM thidiazuron. The calli were transferred onto MS or Bac medium  enriched with N-organic compounds with or without addition of 21 μM picloram under dark or light condition. The compact calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 4.65 μM kinetin, while the friable calli were  transferred onto BIG medium (modified MS + 1.1 μM benzyl adenine + 0.9 μM indole butyric acid + 0.09 μM giberelic acid) or B medium (MS + 0.018 mM benzyl adenine). The results showed that the events of somatic embryogenesis were started from cell polarization, asymmetrical division, proembryo formation as  embryogenic tissues and friable embryogenic tissues, and embryo development. The best treatment for callus induction was 21 μM picloram. The addition of 21 μM picloram on N-organic enriched medium and the use of light condition  proliferated embryogenic calli. The N-organic enriched Bac medium and light condition yielded the highest number of mature somatic embryos (17 embryos per<br />explant in 2 months). The B medium was better than BIG medium to develop  somatic embryos from friable embryogenic tissues. The somatic embryogenesis method presented is potential for pineapple mass propagation and artificial seed<br />production.</p><p>Abstrak Bahasa Indonesia</p><p>Smooth Cayenne merupakan kultivar nenas yang banyak dibudidayakan di  Indonesia, namun ketersediaan benih untuk perbanyakan massal masih terbatas. Embriogenesis somatikadalah metode yang potensial untuk produksi bibit secara massal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pikloram dan pencahayaan terhadap regenerasi embriogenesis somatik nenas. Kalus diinduksi menggunakan pikloram (21, 41, dan 62 μM) dan penambahan thidiazuron 9 μM. Selanjutnya, kalus dipindahkan ke media MS atau Bac yang diperkaya dengan<br />senyawa N-organik dengan atau tanpa penambahan pikloram 21 μM dalam kondisi gelap atau dengan pencahayaan. Kalus kompak disubkultur pada media MS yang mengandung kinetin 4,65 μM, sedangkan kalus remah dipindahkan ke media BIG (MS modifikasi + bensil adenin 1.1 μM + indole butyric acid 0,9 μM + giberelic acid 0,09 μM) atau media B (MS + bensil adenin 0,018 μM). Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa tahapan embriogenesis somatik diawali dengan polarisasi sel, pembelahan asimetris, pembentukan proembrio sebagai jaringan embriogenik dan<br />jaringan embriogenik remah, serta perkembangan embrio. Perlakuan terbaik untuk induksi kalus adalah pikloram 21 μM. Penambahan pikloram 21 μM pada media yang diperkaya dengan senyawa N-organik mampu meningkatkan jumlah kalus<br />embriogenik. Media Bac yang diperkaya senyawa N-organik dan kondisi pencahayaan menghasilkan jumlah embrio somatik dewasa terbanyak (17 embrio per eksplan dalam 2 bulan). Media B lebih baik daripada media BIG untuk regenerasi embrio somatik dari jaringan embriogenik remah. Metode embriogenesis somatik yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini berpotensi diterapkan untuk<br />perbanyakan massal dan produksi benih nenas.</p>

scholarly journals Physiological and Structural Aspects of In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis in Abies alba Mill

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Terezia Salaj ◽  
Katarina Klubicová ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Jan Salaj
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Initiation of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos, long-term maintenance of embryogenic tissue in vitro or by cryopreservation, as well as maturation, of somatic embryos of Abies alba Mill. are reported in this study. For the initiation of embryogenic tissues, a DCR medium containing different types of cytokinins (1 mg.L−1) were tested. During three consecutive years, 61 cell lines were initiated out of 1308 explants, with initiation frequencies ranging between 0.83 and 13.33%. The type of cytokinin had no profound effect on the initiation frequency within one given year. Microscopic observations revealed presence of bipolar somatic embryos in all initiated embryogenic tissues. Besides the typical bipolar somatic embryos, huge polyembryonal complexes, as well as “twin” embryos, were observed. Maturation of somatic embryos occurred on a DCR medium supplemented by abscisic acid (10 mg.L−1), polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000, 7.5%) and 3% maltose. The maturation capacity was cell-line dependent. All of the four tested cell lines produced cotyledonary somatic embryos, though at different quantities, of 16 to 252 per g of fresh weight. After germination, seedlings developed, but their further growth soon stopped after the formation of a resting bud. Altogether, seven cell lines were cryopreserved, using the slow-freezing technique. After rewarming, all tested cell lines showed regrowth rates between 81.8 and 100%.

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND CULTURE ENVIRONMENT ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF ACACIA CATECHU WILLD

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Rout ◽  
S. Samantaray ◽  
P. Das
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Light Green

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from callus derived from immature cotyledons of Acacia catechu Willd on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 13.9 μM kinetin and 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Somatic embryos formed when the calli were grown for 2 weeks in the dark followed by incubation in the light with a 16-h photoperiod. Embryogenesis did not occur with continuous incubation in either the dark or the light. The addition of L-proline (0.87–5.21 mM) to the medium promoted the development of somatic embryos and induced secondary somatic embryogenesis. The light-green somatic embryos germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose devoid of growth regulators. Somatic embryos germinated into plantlets which were hardened in the greenhouse and subsequently transferred to the field.

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