scholarly journals Culture medium for amylase production by toxigenic fungi

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Luiz Zangrando Figueira ◽  
Elisa Yoko Hirooka
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Ground Corn

Mycelial growth and amylase production by a mycotoxigenic strain of Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated in a culture medium containing starch, glycerol, wheat bran or corn. With emphasis on corn, different fractions composed by germ, degermed seed, starch, milky stage corn and the respective starch or supernatant fraction were analyzed for F. moniliforme growth . The medium composed of milky stage corn supernatant promoted the best mycelial growth (p<0.05), and it was used to prepare amylase production medium in the next step. The medium composed with 2% ground corn in milky stage corn supernatant (350g of milky stage corn blended with 250mL water and centrifuged) promoted the highest amylase production, which was at the 10th day of fermentation, both for F. moniliforme (42.32U/mL) and A. flavus (4,745.54U/mL).

scholarly journals Effect of powdered spice treatments on mycelial growth, sporulation and production of aflatoxins by toxigenic fungi

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Maria Chalfoun ◽  
Marcelo Cláudio Pereira ◽  
Mario Lúcio V. Resende ◽  
Caroline Lima Angélico ◽  
Rozane Aparecida da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Order Promising ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

The effect of ten powdered spice plants was evaluated at the concentration of 1, 2, 3 and 4% to observe the mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger and Eurotium repens. The spices were added to the culture media PDA and CYA20S. Clove completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the tested fungi. The other spices: cinnamon, garlic, thyme, mint, anis, oregano and onion were, in a decreasing order, promising antifungals. Bay leaf and basil did not show a pronounced fungistatic effect. The antitoxigenic potential of the spices was tested against one aflatoxin-producing strain of AspergiIIus flavus. The spices were tested at the same concentrations previously mentioned and were added to the culture medium YES, appropriate for the production of those metabolites. Clove completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus. Cinnamon and anis totally inhibited the production of Bl and B2 aflatoxin. Both bay leaf and basil inhibited the synthesis of aflatoxin starting from the concentration of 2%. The other spices did not have a pronounced antiaflatoxigenic effect.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE AMILASE DE Fusarium moniliforme E Aspergillus flavus

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDSON LUIZ ZANGRANDO FIGUEIRA ◽  
MARCELA COLOGNESI DE SÁ ◽  
ELZA IOUKO IDA ◽  
ELISA YOKO HIROOKA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Ground Corn

Considerando o interesse econômico da cultura do milho, alvo de ataque de fungos micotoxigênicos, esta investigação teve por objetivo a produção e caracterização bioquímica parcial de amilase das principais espécies problemáticas (Fusarium moniliforme e Aspergillus flavus). Empregandose cultivo em caldo de milho verde, adicionado de milho triturado, a maximização da produção de amilase de F. moniliforme e A. flavus ocorreu no 15o dia de fermentação. Submetendose o sobrenadante de cultura à precipitação fracionada com sulfato de amônio, entre 60 a 90% de saturação, obtevese a amilase fúngica, que foi caracterizada perante pH, temperatura e estabilidade térmica por metodologia de superfície de resposta. Em ambos os grupos fúngicos, a atividade enzimática foi maximizada em temperatura próxima a 40 °C, com pH em torno de 6,7 para amilase de F. moniliforme e 5,5 para A. flavus. A máxima estabilidade térmica da enzima de F. moniliforme ocorreu próximo a 21,0 °C. Abstract Regarding the economic relevance of corn culture and the fact that it can be a target to micotoxigenic fungi under improper storage conditions, this research aims the production of amylase and its partial biochemical characterization of the main problematic species Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus. The fungi were cultivated in prepared medium containing both unripe and ground corn kernels. Maximum amylase production occurred on the 15th day of fermentation for both strains. The supernatant phase was fractionally precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 60 and 90% of saturation and the separated amylase had its parameters (pH, temperature and thermal stability) characterized by response surface methodology. Maximum activity was obtained at 40 °C and pH of 6.7 for the amylase of F. moniliforme and pH of 5.5 for the amylase of A. flavus. The optimal thermal stability for the enzyme of F. moniliforme occurred at 21 °C.

scholarly journals PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
Dalvan Pereira Abilio ◽  
Olívia Gomes Martins ◽  
Giovana Silva ◽  
Meire Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Eucalyptus Sawdust

PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE   DALVAN PEREIRA ABÍLIO1, OLÍVIA GOMES MARTINS2, GIOVANA CRISTINA PINTO ALVES DA SILVA3, MEIRE CRISTINA NOGUEIRA DE ANDRADE4   1 Graduando em Ciências Biológicas, Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração – Unisagrado, R. Irmã Arminda, 10-50 - Jardim Brasil, 17011-160 Bauru, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Mestre em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Docente da Faculdade Gran Tietê, Av. 15 de Novembro, 125 - Centro, 17340-000, Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o crescimento micelial in vitro de quatro linhagens comerciais de Lentinula edodes (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 e LE-244) em meio de cultura à base de serragem de eucalipto, suplementado com bagaço de malte ou farelo de trigo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 (substratos x linhgens), totalizando oito tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições. Os substratos foram preparados com 20% de suplementação, acrescidos de calcário (tamponante), umidificados e esterilizados. Os meios de cultura foram preparados a partir da infusão dos substratos, filtração, adição de ágar e esterilização. As placas foram inoculadas com as linhagens e o crescimento radial do micélio na superfície do meio de cultura foi mensurado com paquímetro. O menor desenvolvimento micelial ocorreu com a linhagem LE-241 e com a linhagem LE-243 no substrato suplementado com farelo de trigo. Os maiores desenvolvimentos foram obtidos com as linhagens LE-242 e LE-244 no substrado suplementado com bagaço de malte. O desenvolvimento de todas as linhagens foi maior no substrato suplementado com bagaço de malte. Sendo assim, a utilização do bagaço de malte para o crescimento micelial é uma alternativa viável à suplementação tradicional com farelo de trigo.   Palavras-chave: fungos, cogumelo, Lentinula edodes, micélio, bagaço de malte.   PROSPECTING AND EVALUATING THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SHIITAKE COMMERCIAL STRAINS   ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro mycelial growth of four commercial Lentinula edodes strains (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 and LE-244) in a culture medium based on eucalyptus sawdust, supplemented with malt bagasse or wheat bran. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x4 factorial scheme (substrates x strains), totaling eight treatments, each with five repetitions. The substrates were prepared with 20% supplementation, added with lime (buffer), humidified and sterilized. The culture media were prepared from the infusion of substrates, filtration, addition of agar and sterilization. The plates were inoculated with the strains and the radial growth of the mycelium on the surface of the culture medium was measured using a caliper. The smallest mycelial growth occurred with the LE-241 strain and with the LE-243 strain on the substrate supplemented with wheat bran. The greatest growths were obtained with the LE-242 and LE-244 strains in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. The development of all strains was greater in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. Therefore, the use of malt bagasse for mycelial growth is a viable alternative to traditional wheat bran supplementation.   Keywords: fungi, mushroom, Lentinula edodes, mycelium, malt bagasse.

scholarly journals Improvement of Amylase Production by UV Mutagenesis of Aspergillus flavus FSS63 under Solid State Fermentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Yasser Bakri ◽  
Samir Elkhouri
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Uv Mutagenesis ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Uvc Radiation ◽  
Optimum Ph And Temperature

Enhancement of the amylase productivity by Aspergillus flavus was investigated. Spores ofstrain were exposed to ultraviolet (UVC) radiation and 10 different mutants were selected and isolatedfrom starch plate agar on the basis of the visible clearance zone around the colonies. The amylase productionby selected mutants was evaluated under solid state fermentation. One mutant of A. flavus FSS63UV8showed higher biosynthesis level of amylase (733 IU/g), which was 3.35 fold higher than that detectedin the parental strain. Physical parameters optimisation revealed that the optimum pH and temperature foramylase production obtained by mutant are 7.0 and 35°C, respectively. Among several tested agriculturalwastes , wheat bran was found to support the highest yield of amylase after 5 days of incubation. A. flavusFSS63UV8 strain proved to be a promising microorganism for a high amylase production in a simplemedium.

Inhibition of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi by Welsh Onion Extracts

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. FAN ◽  
J. H. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Welsh onion ethanol extracts were tested for their inhibitory activity against the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The survival of spores of A. flavus and A. parasiticus depended on both the extract concentration and the exposure time of the spores to the Welsh onion extracts. The mycelial growth of two tested fungi cultured on yeast extract–sucrose broth was completely inhibited in the presence of the Welsh onion ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml during 30 days of incubation at 25°C. The extracts added to the cultures also inhibited aflatoxin production at a concentration of 10 mg/ml or permitted only a small amount of aflatoxin production with extract concentration of 5 mg/ml after 2 weeks of incubation. Welsh onion ethanol extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects against the two tested aflatoxin-producing fungi than did the same added levels of the preservatives sorbate and propionate at pH values near 6.5.

scholarly journals Maintenance culture medium and inoculum based on peach palm leaves for Pleurotus spp. production

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Wisbeck ◽  
Endi Pricila Alves ◽  
Styfanie Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
Regina Maria Miranda Gern ◽  
Marcia Luciane Lange Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Maintenance Medium ◽  
Production Parameters

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the use of immersion water from peach palm leaves (PPLDA) as a component of the culture medium for the maintenance of Pleurotus spp. and the use of agricultural waste, peach palm leaves, as inoculum support for the fungi. The performance of the inoculum based on peach palm leaves (PPL) for the production of Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies was compared with that using wheat grains (WG) as inoculum support. PPLDA culture medium (immersion water of peach palm leaves, dextrose, and agar) showed a lower radial velocity of mycelial growth for both fungi than that obtained with the culture medium WDA (wheat extract, dextrose and agar), commonly used as maintenance medium for Pleurotus spp. However, the type of inoculum support does not significantly influence the linear velocity of P. ostreatus mycelial growth, reaching 6.71 mm/day on wheat grains and 6.18 mm/day on peach palm leaves. Thus, when the inoculum based on peach palm leaves is utilized, the immersion water used for preparing this support can be used for preparing the PPLDA maintenance culture medium, diminishing the production costs of Pleurotus mushrooms. Data also showed that when Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultivated on peach palm leaves, using PPL as inoculum support, the fruiting bodies production parameters (Y = 47%, BE = 3% and Pr = 0.2 g/day) did not differ from that obtained using WG.

scholarly journals Fungicidal effect of silver nanoparticles on toxigenic fungi in cocoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Villamizar-Gallardo ◽  
Johann Faccelo Osma Cruz ◽  
Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbicidal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on potentially toxigenic fungi affecting cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops. These fungi, isolated from diseased cocoa pods, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The microbicidal effect was assessed by measuring radial mycelial growth, in synthetic culture media, and at different AgNP concentrations in plant tissues. The inhibition effect was monitored in Petri dishes, and changes in fungal structures were observed through scanning electron microscopy. Two potentially toxigenic fungi were highly prevalent: Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. The inhibition assays, performed in liquid and solid synthetic culture media, showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect the growth of these fungi, even at the highest concentration (100 ppm). By contrast, they showed a positive inhibitory effect in plant tissues, especially in the cortex, when infected with A. flavus, in which an 80 ppm dose completely inhibited fungal growth. However, once fungi have managed to penetrate inside the pods, their growth is unavoidable, and AgNP effect is reduced. On F. solani, the studied nanomaterial only induced some texture and pigmentation changes. The microbicidal effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles is greater in plant tissues than in culture media.

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