scholarly journals Sampling effort and fish species richness in small terra firme forest streams of central Amazonia, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeda Batista dos Anjos ◽  
Jansen Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Stream Segment

Small streams are important components of the landscape in terra firme forests in central Amazonia and harbor a large number of fish species. Nevertheless, the lack of a common sampling protocol in studies of this ichthyofauna hinders comparisons among available results. This study evaluates how the length of stream reach sampled affects estimates of local fish species density in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams, and proposes a mean minimum sampling length that best approximates the absolute number of species in a given stream segment. We sampled three streams in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project's study sites, between May and August 2004. At each stream, one 1st order, one 2nd order, and one 3rd order segment was sampled. We sampled five 20-m reaches in each stream segment. Three to four people collected along each reach for 45 to 60 minutes. We used Jaccard's coefficient to estimate the similarity of species composition among stream reaches and segments. Estimates of species richness were obtained with Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap algorithms and species accumulation curves. We used simple linear regressions to look for relationships between species density and fish abundance and between species density and the volume of 100-m stream segments. Species density in 1st order stream reaches was slightly higher than in 2nd and 3rd order stream reaches, whereas fish abundance was apparently higher in 3rd order reaches. Similarity in fish species composition between 20-m reaches was low for all studied streams. Species density values in pooled 100-m stream segments represented 71.4% to 94.1% of the estimated values for these streams. Species density showed a direct relationship both with volume of the sampled stream segment and fish abundance. It seems plausible that larger streams contain a higher number of microhabitat types, which allow for the presence of more fish species per stream length. Based on the values of asymptotes and equations for species accumulation curves, the mean minimum sampling length that best estimates the absolute number of species in a stream segment is 180 m ± 20 sd for 1st order segments; 213 m ± 23 sd for 2nd order segments, and 253 m ± 30 sd for 3rd order stream segments.

Species diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in forest fragments, primary forests, and savannas in central Amazonia, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Bernard ◽  
M Brock Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species List ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Richness Estimators ◽  
Primary Forests

The exact number of species of bats in Brazilian Amazonia is not precisely known because relatively few sites have been surveyed in detail. Here we present an updated species list of the bats of Alter do Chão at the delta of the Tapajós River in Pará State. Using mist nets and acoustic monitoring of echolocation calls we systematically surveyed 5 forest sites, 14 natural forest fragments, and 12 savanna sites. We captured 3978 bats representing 70 species, 40 genera, and 7 families. Fifty species were recorded in savannas, 44 in forest sites, and 41 in forest fragments. The mean capture rate was higher in savanna and forest sites (0.747 and 0.741 bats/mist-net-hour (mnh), respectively) than in forest fragments (0.483 bats/mnh). Our list includes new records for Brazil and extends knowledge of the distribution of some species. Species-accumulation curves and species-richness estimators indicate that 75–100 bat species occur at Alter do Chão, suggesting that our inventory recorded approximately 67–89% of the bat fauna there. Using cluster analysis we compared the bat fauna at Alter do Chão with the faunas from 17 other sites in the Neotropics. There was 65% similarity with the fauna from Manaus (Brazil), 60% with that from Iwokrama (Guyana), and 57% with that from Paracou (Franch Guiana). Aspects of the conservation status of some species present at Alter do Chão are discussed.

scholarly journals Marked Differences in Butterfly Assemblage Composition between Forest Types in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Isabela Freitas Oliveira ◽  
Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro ◽  
Fernanda P. Werneck ◽  
Thamara Zacca ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
High Water ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Contrasting Habitats ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Amazonia comprises a mosaic of contrasting habitats, with wide environmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales. In central Amazonia, upland forest (terra firme) is the predominant forest type and seasonally flooded forests inundated by white- and black-water rivers (várzea and igapó, respectively) represent around 20% of the forested areas. In this work, we took advantage of a natural spatial arrangement of the main vegetation types in central Amazonia to investigate butterfly assemblage structure in terra firme, várzea and igapó forests at the local scale. We sampled in the low- and high-water seasons, combining active and passive sampling with traps placed in both the understory and canopy. Terra firme supported the highest number of butterfly species, whereas várzea forest provided the highest number of butterfly captures. The high species richness in terra firme may reflect that this forest type is floristically richer than várzea and igapó. Várzea is a very productive environment and may thus support a higher number of butterfly individuals than terra firme and igapó. Most butterfly species (80.2%) were unique to a single forest type and 17 can be considered forest type indicator species in this landscape. Floodplain forest environments are therefore an important complement to terra firme in terms of butterfly species richness and conservation in Amazonia.

scholarly journals The endophytic community of Dactylis glomerata

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sánchez Márquez ◽  
G.F. Bills ◽  
I. Zabalgogeazcoa
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Endophytic Community

Morphological and molecular methods were used to identify the endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal endophytes belonging to 109 different species were isolated from asymptomatic plants sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Species accumulation curves showed that most species commonly infecting this grass have been identified, but the number of singleton species occasionally infecting the plants is likely to increase with more sampling effort. A large endophytic assemblage consisting of fungi with diverse ecological roles, and potentially unknown species was found in a small number of plants. Keywords: endophytes, Dactylis glomerata, diversity, abundance

scholarly journals Arrive, survive and thrive: essential stages in the re-colonization and recovery of zooplankton in urban lakes in Sudbury, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Yan ◽  
John Bailey ◽  
James C. McGeer ◽  
Marina M. Manca ◽  
Wendel (Bill) Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Regional Reference

<p>The recovery of lakes from severe, historical acid and metal pollution requires that colonists of extirpated species arrive, survive and subsequently thrive.  We employed 40 year records from weekly to monthly crustacean zooplankton samples from Middle and Clearwater lakes near Sudbury, Canada, to identify the main mechanistic bottlenecks in this recovery process. While both lakes now have circum-neutral pH, acidity decreased more rapidly in Middle Lake because of past liming interventions, while Clearwater Lake, being larger and supporting more housing, likely receives more zooplankton colonists than Middle Lake. Community richness increased much faster in Middle Lake than in Clearwater Lake, at 1.6 <em>vs</em> 0.9 species decade<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Richness has recovered in Middle Lake, when assessed against a target of 9-16 species collection<sup>-1</sup> determined from regional reference lakes, but it has not yet recovered in Clearwater Lake. Species accumulation curves and a metric of annual persistence show that this difference is a product not of greater rates of species introduction into Middle Lake, but rather to their greater annual persistence once introduced.  Greater annual persistence was associated with better habitat quality (<em>i.e</em>., lower acid and metal toxicity) in Middle Lake, particularly early in the record, and lower planktivore abundance, more recently. These results support a growing consensus that ecological recovery of zooplankton from acidification and metal pollution does not depend strongly on propagule introduction rates which are adequate, but rather on propagule persistence, in lake-rich, suburban landscapes such as those near Sudbury. </p>

Watershed-level sampling effort requirements for determining riverine fish species composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1580-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L Smith ◽  
Michael L Jones
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
Riverine Fish

Accurate assessments of watershed-level species composition are necessary for comparative ecological studies, ecosystem health assessments, monitoring, and aquatic conservation prioritization. Several studies have addressed sampling effort requirements for characterizing fish species composition at a section of stream, but none have examined watershed-level requirements. In the spring and summer of 2002, we extensively sampled nine Great Lakes watersheds to assess sampling-effort requirements. Sampling requirements increased with the targeted percentage of estimated species richness. Sampling 15–119 randomly selected reaches of stream, stratified by stream order, was on average sufficient to detect 80%–100% of estimated species richness. Watershed size (km2) and estimated species richness each showed a weak, negative correlation with sampling-effort requirements in our study streams, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of –5.06 and –0.590, respectively. Because of among-watershed variability in sampling effort requirements, field crews should plot species accumulation curves onsite to determine adequate inventory completion. Based on the difficulty of detecting the last 10% of species, random sampling should be conducted in conjunction with targeted sampling of rare species.

The Acontiinae and Eustrotiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL G. POGUE
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Image Description ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Elevational Range

Five species of Acontiinae and nine species of Eustrotiinae are known to occur in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Each species is documented with an adult image, description/diagnosis, flight period, park distribution, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts. Species accumulation curves using the abundance-based estimators Chao 1 and ACE, and the incidence-based estimators Chao 2 and ICE are presented for each subfamily. The results from these estimators indicate that the number of species observed is equal to or very close to the number of estimated species and, therefore, it is unlikely that additional species will be added to the fauna of GSMNP in these subfamilies.

The effect of algal blooms on fish in their inshore nursery grounds in the Gulf of Gdańsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Anna J. Pawelec ◽  
Mariusz R. Sapota ◽  
Justyna Kobos
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
Toxic Blooms ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk

Studies of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics show that the highest biomass accumulation of Nodularia spumigena is observed in the shallowest area of the Gulf of Gdańsk in summer. In the same region and time, the highest fish abundance is observed. Mostly young individuals of gobies, small sandeel, flounder, three-spine stickleback and young herring occur. In this work we compare how toxic blooms of cyanobacteria influence the number and structure of fish communities in a coastal zone. The results obtained in our study were rather unexpected. More fish species were caught and the biomass of fish was higher during a bloom than in a month following the sampling (no bloom).

ATTACK BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FOLLOWING SPACING OF MATURE LODGEPOLE PINE (PINACEAE) STANDS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
T.L. Shore ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Stick Model

AbstractVariation in bark beetle attack following spacing of mature lodgepole pine stands in the East Kootenays of British Columbia was analyzed in relation to stand location (site), spacing treatment, and harvesting injury. Observations were made on three sites, each having three treatments: 4 × 4 m spacing, 5 × 5 m spacing, and untreated control. There was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of attacked trees among sites or treatments. However, in the spaced plots 94.3% of the attacked trees sustained harvesting injury or were located adjacent to skid trails. Dendroctonus valens LeConte was the dominant species attacking trees on the two drier sites, and Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins was the dominant species on the third site. There was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of attacked stumps among sites or spacing treatments. On average, 80.7% of the stumps were attacked; attacked stumps had larger diameters than unattacked stumps. Thirteen species of bark beetles were found attacking stumps. Hylurgops porosus LeConte was the most numerous species at all three sites. Based on the fit of the Michaelis–Menten equations to species accumulation curves, an estimated 76–90% of the number of species attacking stumps at the three sites were observed in bark samples. Margalef’s index of diversity for the two drier sites (Cranbrook = 1.15, Parson = 1.13) was nearly identical and higher than at the moist site (Elkford = 0.89). Pairs of sites had five to six species in common, and the Sorensen coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.52 to 0.71, indicating moderate similarity in species composition. The abundance versus species rank relationship was fitted by three models: the MacArthur broken stick model, the geometric series, and the Zeta distribution. The latter gave good fit to data from two sites, but none of the fitted models gave satisfactory fit to data from the third site, mainly because of the high abundance of the second ranked species (Orthotomicus caelatus Eichhoff). Our results indicated that stand characteristics affected species assemblages and abundances of bark beetle species that attacked stumps. Management practices that minimize injury to trees during the spacing operations are emphasized to reduce attack by bark beetles.

Fish assemblages in temporary ponds adjacent to 'terra-firme' streams in Central Amazonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR F. V. PAZIN ◽  
WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON ◽  
JANSEN ZUANON ◽  
FERNANDO P. MENDONCA
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Central Amazonia

Pouteria kossmanniae (Sapotaceae): a new species from Central Amazonia, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 447 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
CAROLINE C. VASCONCELOS ◽  
MARISABEL U. ADRIANZÉN ◽  
JOSÉ LUÍS C. CAMARGO ◽  
MÁRIO H. TERRA-ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Pouteria Macrophylla ◽  
A New Species

Pouteria kossmanniae (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae), a new species from Central Amazonia, is here described. It is known from the Manaus region, Amazonas, Brazil, and is found in non-flooded upland forests, known as terra firme. Illustrations are provided in addition to geographic distribution, with a comparison of the morphological and spectral (near-infrared) differences between P. kossmanniae and its very similar species Pouteria macrophylla, Pouteria manaosensis, and Pouteria rodriguesiana. The species is naturally common in some urban forest fragments, but since only a low number of subpopulations is known, we assign P. kossmanniae the preliminary conservation status of “Endangered”.

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