scholarly journals Food-resource partitioning among fish species from a first-order stream in northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jislaine Cristina da Silva ◽  
Rosilene Luciana Delariva ◽  
Karine Orlandi Bonato
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
First Order ◽  
Allochthonous Resources

This study addressed the feeding ecology of fish fauna from a first-order stream located in a rural area. The purposes were to evaluate the influence of interspecific, seasonal and spatial factors on the diet, examine the dietary overlap, and determine the predominant food sources. Sampling was conducted in December 2007, September 2008, and March 2009, in three 50-m stretches of Itiz stream (upstream, intermediate, and downstream), through electrofishing. A total of 1,102 stomach contents were analyzed from 14 species, by the volumetric method. In general, allochthonous resources were predominant in the diets. Astyanax aff. fasciatus, Astyanax aff. paranae, Astyanax bockmanni, and Bryconamericus aff. iheringi consumed a higher proportion of plant remains, and Bryconamericus stramineus consumed predominantly Hymenoptera. The diets of Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Characidium aff. zebra, Imparfinis schubarti, and Trichomycterus sp. consisted of aquatic insects, especially immature forms of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Diptera. Hypostomus ancistroides, Hisonotus sp., Poecilia reticulata, and Rineloricaria aff. pentamaculata exploited mainly detritus, while Rhamdia quelen used a variety of items, predominantly terrestrial insects. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed a clear distinction among the species, with different morphology and feeding tactics. The Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP) supported this differentiation, and also indicated significant spatial and temporal variations in the dietary composition; the Indicator Value Method (IndVal) indicated the main items that contributed to these differences. The diet overlap among species was low (< 0.4) to around 78% of pairs, and the mean value did not vary significantly among the sites or between hydrological periods within each site. According to the null model of Pianka’s index, the values for dietary overlap were significantly higher than expected at random, showing evidence of resource sharing. This was related to the availability of allochthonous resources, highlighting the importance of riparian vegetation as a source of these resources for maintaining the fish fauna of the stream.

scholarly journals Fishes in first order stream in Ivaí River drainage basin, upper Paraná River Basin, Paraná state, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel De Araújo ◽  
Rosilene Luciana Delariva ◽  
Karine Orlandi Bonato ◽  
Jislaine Cristina da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
First Order ◽  
Upper Paraná River ◽  
Upper Paraná River Basin ◽  
River Drainage Basin

Itiz Stream is a first order tributary of the Ivaí River basin, located in a rural area of Marialva municipality, Paraná state. Fish were sampled in October, November and December 2007, September 2008 and March 2009, using electrofishing and a sieve technique in three stretches along the stream. We collected 20 species belonging to 13 genera, seven families and three orders. Only Poecilia reticulata was considered non-native species and five are probably undescribed.

Dietary overlap and food resource partitioning among fish species of a tropical estuary in Northeastern Brazil

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adna Ferreira da Silva Garcia ◽  
Ana Lúcia Vendel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

The current work investigates dietary overlap and food partitioning among nine abundant carnivorous fishes caught in the shallow waters of the Paraíba do Norte river estuary, Paraíba State, Brazil. Fishes were sampled with a beach seine net between January and December 2008 and a total of 958 specimens had their stomach content analyzed. Crustacea was the dominant food resource for Lutjanus alexandrei, L. jocu and Bathygobius soporator, whereas Telostei were consumed mainly by Centropomus undecimalis and C. parallelus. In contrast, Polychaeta were preyed upon mainly by Diapterus rhombeus, Eucinostomus argenteus, Sciades herzbergii and S. parkeri. Although most species consumed similar food items, they did that in varying proportions and amounts. Overall, the niche overlap among species was low (< 0.60), but there were several cases where pair of species had their feeding niche highly overlapped (between 0.72 and 0.97). These findings corroborate the hypothesis that food resource partitioning determines species coexistence in estuarine tropical environments.

scholarly journals Diet seasonality and food overlap of the fish assemblage in a pantanal pond

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Caroline Novakowski ◽  
Norma Segatti Hahn ◽  
Rosemara Fugi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mean Values

We assessed the trophic structure of the fish fauna in Sinhá Mariana pond, Mato Grosso State, from March 2000 to February 2001. The aim was to determine the feeding patterns of the fish species during the rainy and dry seasons. The diets of 26 species (1,294 stomach contents) were determined by the volumetric method. Insects and fish were the most important food resources: insects were the dominant food of 23% and 27% of the species, respectively, in the rainy and dry season, and fish was the dominant item for 31% of the species in both seasons. Cluster analysis (Euclidean Distance) identified seven trophic guilds in the rainy season (detritivores, herbivores, insectivores, lepidophages, omnivores, piscivores and planktivores), and five trophic guilds in the dry season (detritivores, insectivores, lepidophages, omnivores and piscivores). The smallest mean values of diet breadth were observed for the specialist guilds (detritivores, lepidophages and piscivores), in both seasons. The widest means for diet breadth were observed for the omnivores, regardless of the season. In general, there was no seasonal variation in feeding overlap among the species studied. At the community level, diet overlap values between species were low (< 0.4) for 80% of the pairs in each season, suggesting wide partitioning of the food resource. The fish assemblage showed a tendency toward trophic specialization, regardless of the season, although several species changed their diets. We might consider two non-excludent hypothesis: that there is no pattern on the use of seasonal food resources and/or probably there are several patterns, because each one is based on characteristics of the studied site and the taxonomic composition of the resident species.

scholarly journals Aquatic oligochaetes associated with bryophytes in an Atlantic Forest stream

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Falci Theza Rodrigues ◽  
Lucas Deziderio Santana ◽  
Roberto da Gama Alves
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
First Order ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

There are few reports in the literature about the colonization of benthic macroinvertebrates on bryophytes. The aim of the present study was to analyzed the oligochaetes established on bryophytes adhered to stones in a first-order stream. The collections were carried out in an Atlantic Forest fragment area during the dry and rainy seasons. We identified 15 taxa from a total of 422 oligochaetes specimens, of which the most abundant were Pristina sp.1, Enchytraeidae and Pristina jenkinae. Unlike other habitats, where the abundance of macroinvertebrates tends to be greater in the dry season, we did not find any significant differences in the abundance, richness, composition and diversity between the two periods. The results of this study indicate that bryophytes are possible areas of refuge for oligochaetes in periods of faster water flow.

Snowpack Ion Accumulation and Loss in a Basin Draining to Lake Superior

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1812-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stottlemyer
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Stream Chemistry ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Freezing Soil ◽  
First Order ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Biological Uptake ◽  
Thaw Period

The objective of this study was to relate winter precipitation ionic inputs, snowpack retention, and change in first-order stream chemistry with spring snowpack melt. During winter 1982–83, measurement of precipitation inputs, snowpack concentration and loading, and streamwater concentration and discharge of Ca2+, K+, H+, NO3−, and SO42− from a 176-ha watershed reveals that only H+ might be lost from the snowpack before first thaw. Above-freezing soil temperature beneath the snowpack may be a factor in H+ loss. An initial 1-d thaw resulted in loss of over one third (6 eq∙ha−1) of the snowpack Ca2+. Over one half the snowpack load of K+, H+, NO3−, and SO42−, was lost in a subsequent midwinter freeze–thaw period. Snowpack loading of ionic species was reduced by 70–90% before peak spring melting and stream discharge. Ecosystem H+ retention and biological uptake of NO3− further mitigate ionic "pulses" in streamwater. Sulfate discharge exceeds bulk inputs, which suggests significant dry deposition input and little forest soil retention of this anion. The snowpack was relatively small, which limits wider application of these results to the region.

scholarly journals Patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap of the fish fauna in the seasonal Brazilian Pantanal, Cuiabá River basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Corrêa ◽  
Miriam Pilz Albrecht ◽  
Norma Segatti Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Food Sharing ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mean Values

Spatial and temporal variations in patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap were investigated for the fish fauna in the Pantanal region, aiming to determine the factors that account for species coexistence. Samples were conducted in the Cuiabá River and Chacororé pond, in the upper Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, during one hydrological cycle (March 2000 to February 2001), (designed spatial-seasonal units). Mean niche breadth values were overall low for the fish assemblage (0.2-0.3). Differences between periods were not statistically significant. Feeding overlap values ranged between 0 and 0.4, whereas the mean was always inferior to 0.05 in all spatial-temporal units, and differences between periods were not statistically significant. The highest and lowest mean values were both observed in the pond; the former during the drought period and the latter during the flood period. All feeding overlap mean values were significantly higher than the values expected at random in the null model, using both "scrambled-zeros" (RA3) and "conserved-zeros" (RA4) algorithms. Thus, the foraging patterns show evidences of food sharing. The variance generated in the null model had a pattern similar to the niche overlap pattern: observed variance was higher than expected by chance in all spatial-temporal units, suggesting that the fish fauna is structured in trophic guilds. The patterns of food resource use and the different trophic guilds identified, suggest that species probably have different roles in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that food sharing allows coexistence of different fish species.

scholarly journals Effect of introduced species and habitat alteration on the occurrence and distribution of euryhaline fishes in fresh- and brackish-water habitats on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (South Caribbean)

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hulsman ◽  
R. Vonk ◽  
M. Aliabadian ◽  
A.O. Debrot ◽  
V. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Induced Changes

We conducted an ichthyological survey during the dry season of 2006 on the semi-arid islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao to provide information on species composition, richness and distribution in natural and non-natural aquatic habitats. The dry season species assemblages (N = 9 species) comprised less species than the wet seasons, and these data refine our knowledge of the indigenous fish fauna and its refuge localities during phases of drought and ensuing high salinity. A hierarchical cluster analysis reveals that the three islands have different species compositions with Curaçao being the most diverse, probably due to its having the most habitats and freshwaters present throughout the year. Species richness was unrelated to salinity and species diversity was highest in canalised streams. In the dry season fewer amphidromous species are present than in the wet season. We found no significant effect of human-induced changes on the presence or absence of fish species in the Netherlands Antilles. The presence of exotic species (including Xiphophorus helleri on Aruba, a first record for this island, and Oreochromis mossambicus and Poecilia reticulata occurring on all three islands) did not have a clear effect on the presence of indigenous species, nor did human alteration of the habitats have an influence on the occurrence of fish species.

scholarly journals Meiofauna in stream habitats: temporal dynamics of abundance, biomass and secondary production in different substrate microhabitats in a first-order stream

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1095
Author(s):  
Henrike Brüchner-Hüttemann ◽  
Christoph Ptatscheck ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
First Order ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Meiofaunal Abundance

Abstract Meiofaunal abundance, biomass and secondary production were investigated over 13 months in an unpolluted first-order stream. Four microhabitats were considered: sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. The relative contribution of the microhabitats to secondary production and the influence of environmental factors on meiofaunal density distribution were estimated. We expected (1) meiofaunal abundance and biomass to exhibit seasonal patterns, with more pronounced seasonal fluctuations on macrophytes and leaf litter than in the other microhabitats, (2) annual secondary production to be highest in sediment; however, the relative contribution of the microhabitats to monthly secondary production would change during the year, and (3) a bottom-up driven influence on meiofaunal density distribution in the microhabitats. Meiofaunal annual mean abundance, biomass and secondary production were 7–14 times higher in sediment and on dead wood than on macrophytes and leaf litter. Significant seasonal patterns described the meiofaunal abundance in sediment and on leaf litter as well as the biomass in sediment, on macrophytes and leaf litter. Organisms in sediment and on dead wood contributed 48 and 43%, respectively, to secondary production m−2, but in regard to the stream area covered by the microhabitats, sediment had the highest share (80%). Significant determinants of the density distribution were AFDM, protozoans, bacteria and Chl-a, which influenced all meiofaunal groups. Our study clearly indicates that meiofaunal organisms in sediment and on dead wood have a remarkable share on total secondary production of lotic systems which is especially relevant for forested low-order streams.

Optimal prey size for stream resident brown trout (Salmo trutta): tests of predictive models

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Bannon ◽  
Neil H. Ringler
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Mouth Size ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

The time required to handle different-sized prey (crickets) was measured in an artificial stream for eight wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in two size classes (mean total lengths, 186 and 214 mm). Handling times (HTs) scaled by mouth size were described by an exponential equation: HT = 1 + 0.84e2.35(ps/ms) (ps, prey size; ms, predator (mouth) size). Cost curves based on handling time/prey weight were used to predict optimal prey lengths of 22 mm for small trout and 24 mm for large trout. A second model based on J. W. J. Wankowski's empirical results predicted slightly smaller optima. Physical constraints provided estimated minimum prey lengths of 2.8 and 3.2 mm for large and small fish, respectively; maximum prey lengths were 89 and 97 mm, respectively. We compared the predicted optimal prey size with the size distribution of invertebrates in drift and brown trout stomachs sampled in a second-order stream from July to September 1982. The most abundant prey sizes in the study stream were near the minimum size that can be effectively handled by brown trout. Prey of the predicted optimum size were rare, but feeding was size selective in spite of a limited food resource. The growth rates of these stream-dwelling brown trout were slower than the brown trout in other streams in this region. This may reflect diets consisting largely of suboptimal-sized prey.

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