scholarly journals Diet seasonality and food overlap of the fish assemblage in a pantanal pond

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Caroline Novakowski ◽  
Norma Segatti Hahn ◽  
Rosemara Fugi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mean Values

We assessed the trophic structure of the fish fauna in Sinhá Mariana pond, Mato Grosso State, from March 2000 to February 2001. The aim was to determine the feeding patterns of the fish species during the rainy and dry seasons. The diets of 26 species (1,294 stomach contents) were determined by the volumetric method. Insects and fish were the most important food resources: insects were the dominant food of 23% and 27% of the species, respectively, in the rainy and dry season, and fish was the dominant item for 31% of the species in both seasons. Cluster analysis (Euclidean Distance) identified seven trophic guilds in the rainy season (detritivores, herbivores, insectivores, lepidophages, omnivores, piscivores and planktivores), and five trophic guilds in the dry season (detritivores, insectivores, lepidophages, omnivores and piscivores). The smallest mean values of diet breadth were observed for the specialist guilds (detritivores, lepidophages and piscivores), in both seasons. The widest means for diet breadth were observed for the omnivores, regardless of the season. In general, there was no seasonal variation in feeding overlap among the species studied. At the community level, diet overlap values between species were low (< 0.4) for 80% of the pairs in each season, suggesting wide partitioning of the food resource. The fish assemblage showed a tendency toward trophic specialization, regardless of the season, although several species changed their diets. We might consider two non-excludent hypothesis: that there is no pattern on the use of seasonal food resources and/or probably there are several patterns, because each one is based on characteristics of the studied site and the taxonomic composition of the resident species.

scholarly journals Patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap of the fish fauna in the seasonal Brazilian Pantanal, Cuiabá River basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Corrêa ◽  
Miriam Pilz Albrecht ◽  
Norma Segatti Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Food Sharing ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mean Values

Spatial and temporal variations in patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap were investigated for the fish fauna in the Pantanal region, aiming to determine the factors that account for species coexistence. Samples were conducted in the Cuiabá River and Chacororé pond, in the upper Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, during one hydrological cycle (March 2000 to February 2001), (designed spatial-seasonal units). Mean niche breadth values were overall low for the fish assemblage (0.2-0.3). Differences between periods were not statistically significant. Feeding overlap values ranged between 0 and 0.4, whereas the mean was always inferior to 0.05 in all spatial-temporal units, and differences between periods were not statistically significant. The highest and lowest mean values were both observed in the pond; the former during the drought period and the latter during the flood period. All feeding overlap mean values were significantly higher than the values expected at random in the null model, using both "scrambled-zeros" (RA3) and "conserved-zeros" (RA4) algorithms. Thus, the foraging patterns show evidences of food sharing. The variance generated in the null model had a pattern similar to the niche overlap pattern: observed variance was higher than expected by chance in all spatial-temporal units, suggesting that the fish fauna is structured in trophic guilds. The patterns of food resource use and the different trophic guilds identified, suggest that species probably have different roles in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that food sharing allows coexistence of different fish species.

scholarly journals Seasonal and depth variations in diet composition and dietary overlap between three native killifish of an emblematic tropical-mountain lake: Lake Titicaca (Bolivia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Loayza
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Littoral Habitat

ABSTRACTLake Titicaca (∼3800 m a.s.l.), an emblematic tropical-mountain ecosystem is the major source of fish for people on the Altiplano. The Andean killifish genus Orestias, represent an important resource for local fisheries in Lake Titicaca. It has been suggested that exist an effect of segregation in the Lake Titicaca in order to avoid competition for food resource between native fish species, due most of Orestias species share the littoral habitat, which is now also share with introduced species. Such scenario increases the pressure for food resource. Here I examined the gut content of O. luteus, O. agassizii and O. mulleri (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) from a bay of Lake Titicaca during rainy (April) and dry season (July) with the predominance method, frequency of occurrence and numerical percentage to describe the diet and dietary overlap between these native fish. I also applied a PERMANOVA test in order to determine diet variations related to depth and seasonally, as well as the Levins and Pianka’s index to test diet breadth and dietary overlap respectively. 396 gut contents were evaluated, identifying a high frequency of amphipods and molluscs in the three Orestias native species. Diet breadth revelled a selectivity for a few preys and the composition of the diets was influenced mainly by depth, followed by seasonality (PERMANOVA, P = <0.05). Dietary overlapping between O. luteus and O. agassizii was evidenced in the rainy season. During the dry season, the three species undergone dietary overlapping. This study provided a detail knowledge on the diet variations of native species in Lake Titicaca, especially for Orestias mulleri, a little-known species. Here I also discussed the importance of the amphipods as a food resource in Lake Titicaca not only for fish community, but for the food web in general. The seasonal and depth diet variations here discussed are relevant for fisheries management and conservation and could be used to guide aquaculture development in Lake Titicaca.

scholarly journals Ichthyofauna of two reservoirs in the middle Acaraú river basin, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo César Gurgel-Lourenço ◽  
Wallace Alves de Sousa ◽  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fishing Resources ◽  
Rivers And Reservoirs

Few studies have been published on the taxonomy, biology and ecology of the fish fauna of the rivers and reservoirs from the Brazilian Caatinga. Considering the importance of fish surveys as subsidies for future studies and fishing resources management, the purpose of the present study was to assess the fish assemblage of the two largest reservoirs in the middle Acaraú river basin, the Paulo Sarasate and the Edson Queiroz reservoirs, state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Eight nycthemeral samplings were performed with gillnets (mesh size ranging from 3 to 12 cm between opposite knots) during rainy and dry season between 2010 and 2012. We captured 1,626 specimens belonging to three orders, nine families and 17 species, six of which are endemic to the Caatinga. Approximately 30% of the species observed were non-native and had been introduced for stocking purposes.

scholarly journals REPARTICIÓN DE RECURSOS ALIMENTARIOS ENTRE LA ICTIOFAUNA DOMINANTE DE UNA LAGUNA TEMPLADA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
V. H. Cruz-Escalona ◽  
L. Campos-Dávila ◽  
M. J. Zetina-Rejón
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Trophic Diversity ◽  
Prey Composition

Se describe el uso de recursos alimentarios en las cinco especies de peces más abundantes en Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, México (Occidentarius platypogon, Cynoscion parvipinnis, Menticirrhus undulatus, Trachinotus paitensis y Heterodontus francisci). Fueron analizados los espectros tróficos, los cambios temporales, la amplitud de dieta, la diversidad de presas y el traslape trófico. Se identificaron un total de 49 tipos alimenticios, los cuales fueron agrupados en seis grupos taxonómicos: crustáceos, moluscos, anélidos, equinodermos, sipuncúlidos y peces. Los crustáceos y moluscos aportaron un mayor número de presas, representando más del 75% de las presas identificadas. Callinectes bellicosus, Penaeus californiensis, Squilla spp., Donax spp., Lucapinella milleri, Anachis spp. y Bittium spp., fueron las presas más importantes en los espectros descritos. Los espectros alimentarios presentaron diferencias temporales en la composición de presas. Todos los depredadores presentaron valores bajos de amplitud de dieta. Se determinó un bajo traslape trófico, excepto entre O. platypogon y C. parvipinnis, en los que se encontró que la sobreposición de dietas es significativa (> 60%). Los resultados demuestran que cada especie tiene diferentes hábitos alimentarios que les permite segregarse a lo largo de las dimensiones del nicho trófico. Proponemos que la partición de recursos alimentarios es importante solo para peces con mayor traslape trófico. Las diferencias en morfología de sus aparatos alimentarios parecen estar correlacionadas con el tipo de presas consumidas. Differential use of food resources by dominant fish of San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico The use of food resources in five of the most abundant fish species (Occidentarius platypogon, Cynoscion parvipinnis, Menticirrhus undulatus, Trachinotus paitensis and Heterodontus francisci) in San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico is described. Prey composition, seasonal changes, diet breadth, trophic diversity and trophic overlap were analyzed. Forty nine prey items were identified, grouped into six taxonomic groups: crustacea, molluska, osteichthyies, anellida, equinodermata and sipunculida. Crustaceans and mollusks were the most important items recorded, representing over 75% of the identified prey. The crustaceans Callinectes bellicosus, Penaeus californiensis, Squilla spp., megalop larvae of portunids and the mollusks Donax spp., Lucapinella milleri, Anachis spp., and Bittium spp. were the most important prey in the fish species analyzed. Differences in the prey composition and seasonal changes were observed, as well as seasonal changes in the diet breadth. All the predators examined had low percentages of breadth of diet, being characterized as opportunists with low levels of trophic diversity. There was only one case of higher prey overlap between O. platypogon and C. parvipinnis. We concluded that food resource partitioning is very important only in those fish species with higher overlap in their diets. Differences in bucal morphology seem related to prey selection.

scholarly journals Optimal diet strategy of a large-bodied psittacine: food resource abundance and nutritional content enable facultative dietary specialization by the Military Macaw

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Margarita de la Parra-Martínez ◽  
Luis Guillermo Muñoz-Lacy ◽  
Alejandro Salinas-Melgoza ◽  
Katherine Renton
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Optimal Diet ◽  
Dietary Specialization ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dietary Niche

Abstract Background Dietary specialization should arise when there is a relatively high abundance of a particular resource, where animals may select food items to obtain an optimal diet that maximizes energy intake. Large-bodied psittacines frequently exhibit a narrow dietary niche with specific habitat use, but few studies have determined whether psittacines select food resources, and how this influences habitat use. Methods We established fruiting phenology transects to evaluate food resource availability for the large-bodied Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in semi-deciduous, deciduous, and pine-oak forest at two sites along the coast of Jalisco, during the dry season when macaws are nesting. We also determined Military Macaw diet by observations of foraging macaws along transect routes, and conducted bromatological analysis of the nutritional content of the most consumed resource. Results Military Macaws used six plant species as food items during the dry season, and had a narrow dietary niche (Levins’ B = 0.28), with 56% of foraging macaws consuming the seeds of Hura polyandra. No food resources were recorded in pine-oak forest during the dry season, with food resources and foraging by macaws concentrated in tropical deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, where H. polyandra was the most abundant fruiting tree species. When considering the proportional availability of food resources, we determined a broad Hurlbert dietary niche breadth of H = 0.67, indicating that Military Macaws consumed food resources according to their availability. Furthermore, the seeds of H. polyandra were an important source of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and moisture, and the hard fruit-casing means that these seeds are exclusively available for macaws. Conclusions By concentrating their diet on the most abundant resources, Military Macaws may increase foraging efficiency in the dry season. The high nutrient content also means that concentrating the diet on seeds of H. polyandra may be an optimal foraging strategy for Military Macaws to meet their energy requirements during the breeding season.

scholarly journals Food resources sustaining the fish fauna in a section of the upper São Francisco River in Três Marias, MG, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. C. Alvim ◽  
A. C. Peret
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
Seasonal Flooding ◽  
São Francisco River

With the purpose of determining the principal food resources responsible for maintaining the fishery yield in a section of the São Francisco River, 6 sampling of the fish fauna were made downstream from the Três Marias Dam, from September 1996 to July 1997. A total of 1,127 individuals of 35 species were captured, using gillnets with mesh sizes varying from 3 to 16 cm. The stomach contents of 33 species were examined in order to determine their diets. Five trophic guilds were established, in the following order of importance: ilyophagous, herbivorous, piscivorous, terrestrial invertebrates feeders, and aquatic invertebrates feeders. The resources sustaining the fish fauna were mainly of allochthonous origin. The ichthyonenosis appears to be mainly dependent on the detritus chain. The ciliary forest and seasonal flooding pulses are the main suppliers of food for the fish fauna.

scholarly journals The fish fauna in the fish passage at the Ourinhos Dam, Paranapanema River

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Sofia Arcifa ◽  
André Luiz Henríques Esguícero
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Fish Ladder ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus

The composition and abundance of the fish assemblage were evaluated in the fish ladder of Ourinhos Dam, the newest dam (closed in 2005) in the cascade of dams constructed on the Paranapanema River. Samplings were carried out three times on a diel cycle, in three sampling periods, two in the warm season and one in the cold season of 2008 - 2009. The ladder was closed and emptied and the entire fish assemblage was sampled and identified. Most individuals were released alive downstream of the dam. The assemblage found in the ladder was compared with the fish fauna sampled in the reservoir and in downstream sites, in the same period. Twenty seven species and a total of 4682 individuals were caught in the ladder. Pimelodus maculatus was the only migratory species, which was caught in low number in the ladder (0.04% of the total captured), where small sedentary species predominated. The most abundant species were the non-migratory Apareiodon affinis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Astyanax fasciatus and Parodon nasus. Individuals observed in the ladder's window were moving up- and down the passage. The fish ladder is a microhabitat inhabited by an abundant association of benthic organisms that is probably used as a food resource for the fish assemblage in the ladder. The similarity between the fish fauna in the ladder and that of the Ourinhos Reservoir was low (26%). The species richness of migrants in the stretch between the uspstream reservoir (Chavantes) and the downstream one (Salto Grande), before the Ourinhos dam closure (23 species) was reduced to 16 and 12 species in Salto Grande and Ourinhos reservoirs, respectively, after the dam closure, and to a single species in the ladder.

scholarly journals Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Lazzarini Wolff ◽  
Natalia Carniatto ◽  
Norma Segatti Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

This study described the use of food resources and the distribution of fish trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil. Allochthonous resources (terrestrial insects) predominated in the headwaters, whereas autochthonous food items (algae, fish) and detritus predominated in the mouth section. Detritivorous, aquaticinvertivorous, and terrestrial- and aquatic-insectivorous species occurred throughout the gradient, while omnivorous and piscivorous in the headwaters and middle stretches, respectively, and herbivorous in the middle and mouth. Detritivores and aquatic-insectivores were significantly more specialized than the other guilds, however, there was no evidence of a longitudinal increase in trophic specialization. Density and biomass of aquatic-invertivores and aquatic-insectivores decreased, whereas that of detritivores increased longitudinally. The distribution of trophic guilds was significantly associated with the stream section, where aquatic and terrestrial insectivorous were more frequent in rocky and flowed stretches from the headwater and detritivores in deeper environments with finer particles of substrate from the mouth. This suggests that fish assemblages in coastal streams with a steep longitudinal gradient may follow patterns in the use of food resources according with the food availability along the river, as predicted by the River Continuum Concept.

Larval fish assemblage in the Baía River (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): temporal and spatial patterns

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Bialetzki ◽  
Keshiyu Nakatani ◽  
Paulo Vanderlei Sanches ◽  
Gilmar Baumgartner ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

scholarly journals Sudden death associated with Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: importance and epidemiological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
Flávio H.B. Caldeira ◽  
Geovanny B.G. Dias ◽  
Felipe P. de Arruda ◽  
Valdecy de M. Lourenço ◽  
Kalinne S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Plant Control

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of an acute disease that was characterized by sudden death associated with exercise that affected cattle in the region of the Araguaia River, especially in the municipality of Torixoréu, southeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Between August and September 2013, eighty farms in the municipality were visited and the pastures of these farms were inspected. Epidemiological questionnaires were completed from 65 farms. A plant identified as Niedenzuella stannea (N. stannea) of the Malpighiaceae family was attributed to the cause of sudden death in cattle, what causes major economic losses. Sudden death reports have occurred since 1970, when livestock was introduced into the region, and sudden death reports still occur. Outbreaks were reported to occur from May to October, but mainly during the dry season between June and August. N. stannea was identified at 41 farms and was always found in near to rivers. The most effective plant control methods included plowing the pastures and fields followed by manual application of Tordon® (Picloram and 2.4D). The administration of 5g/kg of young leaves which were collected from a farm with a sudden death history in cattle also caused sudden death in a sheep. Thus, it is concluded that the sudden death of cattle in the region of the Araguaia River is caused by the consumption of N. stannea.

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