scholarly journals Acute toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of diesel in Prochilodus vimboidesKner (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Alcoforado Santos ◽  
Dominik Lenz ◽  
Geisamanda Pedrini Brandão ◽  
Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes ◽  
Levy Carvalho Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboideswere assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.

scholarly journals Hematotoxic Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Bonny Light Crude Oil in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abraham, Chiedozie Nicholas ◽  
Godwin J. Udom ◽  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study evaluated the Hematotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) in Wistar Albino rats. After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in PCV values (30.2% in the control group to 17.2% in the 100% group), Hb levels decreased significantly from 9.25 g/dl in the control group to 5.27 g/dl in the 100% group. WBC count decreased significantly from 2932 mm3 in the control group to 136 mm3 in the 100% group and finally RBC count decreased significantly from 241.8E4 mm3 to 567 mm3 with increasing concentrations in the treatment groups after 60days administration. These results suggest that the oral consumption of the WSF of BLCO led to an onset of anaemia which indicates the presence of less than normal concentrations of PCV, Hb and RBC.

Valorisation of bio-oil resulting from fast pyrolysis of wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vanderauwera ◽  
Dorine Wambeke
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsions

AbstractBio-oil resulting from the pyrolysis of lignocellulose is a complex mixture of polar low molecular mass oxygenated compounds of various functionalities and non-polar high molecular mass lignin derivatives. Several approaches to the upgrading of bio-oil are currently in progress. This study investigates the valorisation of crude bio-oil using physical and chemical methods. The effects of methanol addition on some properties of the bio-oil are investigated. Stable bio-oil/diesel oil emulsions are produced by the addition of surfactants with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of 5–6. An alternative approach towards the upgrading of bio-oil is the hydrotreatment of the water-soluble fraction of bio-oil. Two-stage hydroprocessing with noble-metal catalysts Ru/C and Pt/C increases the intrinsic hydrogen content of the water-soluble fraction. The results show that the thermally unstable components including sugars, ketones and aldehydes are readily converted to diols and alcohols at pressures of 5 MPa. These observations can be explained by a set of reaction pathways for the compounds identified.

Genotoxicity in Brazilian coal miners and its associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
FMR da Silva Júnior ◽  
RA Tavella ◽  
CLF Fernandes ◽  
MCF Soares ◽  
KA de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

The present study aims to evaluate the potential genotoxic and associated factors among coal miners, divided by degree of exposure. Blood and buccal smears were collected from 158 workers, who actively participate in different activities in coal mining, and 48 individuals living in the same city but do not have participation in coal mining activities (control group). The workers were divided into three different groups, according to the level of contact with coal extraction. A questionnaire intended to identify factors associated with DNA damage was performed in participants. The results regarding oral mucosa micronucleus test showed a significant difference ( p < 0.001) of the worker groups 1 and 2 in relation to the control group, where the group 1 has a higher degree of exposure to coal than group 2. For the lymphocyte micronucleus test and comet assay, there was no significant difference between the exposed groups and control group. There is an association between the outcome and the fact of living in the municipality of the mining company and the exposure to radiation in the last 12 months. Besides, the multivariate analysis showed an association of the tail moment with radiation exposure in the last 12 months. Thus, the findings of this study reveal genotoxicity in oral mucosa cells of workers exposed to coal and that workers with higher degree of contact with coal have a more pronounced response.

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