scholarly journals THE ETIOLOGIC RELEVANCE OF 3-D PATHOANATOMY OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Tom Schlösser ◽  
Rob Brink ◽  
René Castelein
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Despite many years of dedicated research into the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is still no single distinct cause for this puzzling condition. In this overview, we attempt to link knowledge on the complex three-dimensional pathoanatomy of AIS, based on our ongoing research in this field, with etiopathogenic questions. Evidence from multiple recent cross-sectional imaging studies is provided that supports the hypothesis that AIS has an intrinsic biomechanical basis: an imbalance between the biomechanical loading of the upright human spine due to its unique sagittal configuration on the one hand, and the body’s compensating mechanisms on the other. The question that remains in the etiology of AIS, and the focus of our ongoing research, is to determine what causes or induces this imbalance.

Direct cross-sectional imaging using X-ray Compton scattering: application to commercial batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruki Tsuji ◽  
Kentaro Kajiwara ◽  
Masayoshi Itou ◽  
Yoshiharu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

A synchrotron-based technique using Compton scattering imaging is presented. This technique has been applied to a coin battery (CR2023), and the cross-sectional image has been obtained in 34 ms without sample rotation. A three-dimensional image of the whole structure has been reconstructed from 74 cross-sectional images taken consecutively by scanning the incident, wide X-ray beam along one direction. This work demonstrates that quick cross-sectional imaging of regions of interest and three-dimensional image reconstruction without sample rotation are feasible using Compton scattering imaging.

Radiography and ultrasound of the equine neck

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Jonathon J Dixon ◽  
Lucy Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
Planar Images ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Diagnostic imaging of the equine neck is undertaken for a wide variety of conditions. In many cases, radiography is the principal imaging modality, often complemented by ultrasound examination. Common conditions encountered include osteoarthritis, articular process joint osteochondral fragmentation, cervical vertebral malformation (‘wobbler’), fractures and numerous soft tissue lesions. The complex three-dimensional anatomy of the region limits interpretation of planar images and, in some cases, cross-sectional imaging (such as computed tomography) may be required. However, careful use of radiography and ultrasound can help clinicians to achieve a diagnosis in many cases, often from combining conventional and lesion-orientated projections with a thorough clinical examination.

Evaluation of body geometry and symmetry for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with 3D body scanning system

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Kit-Lun Yick ◽  
Sun Pui Ng ◽  
Joanne Yip ◽  
Chi Yung Tse
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Scanning ◽  
The Cross

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess the three-dimensional (3D) geometry and symmetry of the torso for spinal deformity and the use of orthotic bracewear by using non-invasive 3D body scanning technology. Design/methodology/approach In pursuing greater accuracy of body anthropometric measurements to improve the fit and design of apparel, 3D body scanning technology and image analysis provide many more advantages over the traditional manual methods that use contact measurements. To measure the changes in the torso geometry and profile symmetry of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, five individuals are recruited to undergo body scanning both with and without wearing a rigid brace during a period of six months. The cross-sectional areas and profiles of the reconstructed 3D torso models are examined to evaluate the level of body symmetry. Findings Significant changes in the cross-sectional profile are found amongst four of the patients over the different visits for measurements (p < 0.05), which are consistent with the X-rays results. The 3D body scanning system can reliably evaluate changes in the body geometry of patients with scoliosis. Nevertheless, improvements in the symmetry of the torso are found to be somewhat inconsistent among the patients and across different visits. Originality/value This pilot study demonstrates a practical and safe means to measure and analyse the torso geometry and symmetry so as to allow for more frequent evaluations, which would result in effective and optimal treatment of spinal deformation.

Mental foramen and anterior loop anatomic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional imaging studies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Almeida Ferreira Barbosa ◽  
Lucca Reis Mesquita ◽  
Marcela Maria Costa Borges ◽  
Diego Santiago de Mendonça ◽  
Francisco Samuel Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Imaging and Strain Analysis of Threading-Edge and Basal-Plane Dislocations in 4H-SiC Using X-Ray Three-Dimensional Topography

2012 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Tanuma ◽  
Daisuke Mori ◽  
Isaho Kamata ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Basal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Substrate Interface ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Edge Dislocations

This paper demonstrates the X-ray three-dimensional topography of basal-plane dislocations (BPDs) and threading edge dislocations (TEDs) in 4H-SiC. Cross-sectional imaging shows the propagation of BPDs from a substrate to an epilayer and the conversion of BPDs into TEDs near the epilayer/substrate interface. The strain analysis of TEDs exhibits the image of strains in the order of ±10-5. The observed strain images correlate well to simulation results.

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