Radiography and ultrasound of the equine neck

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Jonathon J Dixon ◽  
Lucy Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
Planar Images ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Diagnostic imaging of the equine neck is undertaken for a wide variety of conditions. In many cases, radiography is the principal imaging modality, often complemented by ultrasound examination. Common conditions encountered include osteoarthritis, articular process joint osteochondral fragmentation, cervical vertebral malformation (‘wobbler’), fractures and numerous soft tissue lesions. The complex three-dimensional anatomy of the region limits interpretation of planar images and, in some cases, cross-sectional imaging (such as computed tomography) may be required. However, careful use of radiography and ultrasound can help clinicians to achieve a diagnosis in many cases, often from combining conventional and lesion-orientated projections with a thorough clinical examination.

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reproducibility of Facial Measurements of Digital Photographs and Wrapped Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Photographs

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽  
Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi ◽  
Rayid Hussain Alnami ◽  
Nawaf Mohammad Ashqar ◽  
Omar Hassan Alamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Gonial Angle

The study sought to assess whether the soft tissue facial profile measurements of direct Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized facial photographs are accurate compared to the standardized digital photographs. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with an age range of 18–30 years, who were indicated for CBCT, were enrolled. Two facial photographs were taken per patient: standardized and random (non-standardized). The non-standardized ones were wrapped with the CBCT images. The most used soft tissue facial profile landmarks/parameters (linear and angular) were measured on direct soft tissue three-dimensional (3D) images and on the photographs wrapped over the 3D-CBCT images, and then compared to the standardized photographs. The reliability analysis was performed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and depicted graphically using Bland–Altman plots. Most of the linear and angular measurements showed high reliability (0.91 to 0.998). Nevertheless, four soft tissue measurements were unreliable; namely, posterior gonial angle (0.085 and 0.11 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), mandibular plane angle (0.006 and 0.0016 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), posterior facial height (0.63 and 0.62 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively) and total soft tissue facial convexity (0.52 for both wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively). The soft tissue facial profile measurements from either the direct 3D-CBCT images or the wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized frontal photographs were accurate, and can be used to analyze most of the soft tissue facial profile measurements.

scholarly journals THE ETIOLOGIC RELEVANCE OF 3-D PATHOANATOMY OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Tom Schlösser ◽  
Rob Brink ◽  
René Castelein
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Despite many years of dedicated research into the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is still no single distinct cause for this puzzling condition. In this overview, we attempt to link knowledge on the complex three-dimensional pathoanatomy of AIS, based on our ongoing research in this field, with etiopathogenic questions. Evidence from multiple recent cross-sectional imaging studies is provided that supports the hypothesis that AIS has an intrinsic biomechanical basis: an imbalance between the biomechanical loading of the upright human spine due to its unique sagittal configuration on the one hand, and the body’s compensating mechanisms on the other. The question that remains in the etiology of AIS, and the focus of our ongoing research, is to determine what causes or induces this imbalance.

Imaging of Pediatric Chronic Neck Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Santhosh Gaddikeri ◽  
Murali Nagarajan ◽  
Surjith Vattoth ◽  
Ahmed El Beltagi
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Primary Modality

AbstractChronic neck infections in the pediatric population can have an indolent presentation that can mimic more serious conditions including neoplasia. Ultrasound remains a reliable primary modality for imaging of sialadenitis and infected congenital cystic neck lesions in children, whereas cross sectional imaging is needed if intervention is contemplated, to better evaluate multispatial involvement, lymph nodal morphology and distribution, and as the primary imaging modality to study more complex anatomy in case of ear infections.

scholarly journals Imaging review of the anterior skull base

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 205846011877648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Francies ◽  
Levan Makalanda ◽  
Dimitris Paraskevopolous ◽  
Ashok Adams
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Anterior Skull Base ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

The anterior skull base (ASB) is intimately associated with the unique soft tissue subtypes of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and intracranial compartment. Pathology involving the ASB is rare but the causes are manifold and can be broadly subdivided into those intrinsic to the skull base and processes extending from below or above. Sinonasal pathology is the most commonly encountered and poses significant management challenges that rely heavily on accurate interpretation of the radiological findings. We illustrate the normal anatomy of the ASB and present a cross-sectional imaging review of the pathological entities that may be encountered, focusing on the specific features that will impact on clinical and surgical management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document