scholarly journals Characteristics of falls in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Mayumi Kato-Narita ◽  
Marcia Radanovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
Functional Stimulation ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies

Abstract The occurrence of falls in AD patients is frequent, and their consequences are cognitive decline, fractures and loss of independence. Many studies have addressed fall risk factors in order to establish effective prevention strategies. Objectives: We describe the frequency and characteristics of falls in a sample of AD patients and their main risk factors. Methods: We evaluated 40 subjects without cognitive impairment, and 45 AD patients, graded as CDR 1 and CDR 2. Results: Environmental hazard risks were the most frequent cause associated with falls in CDR 1 (41.4%) and CDR 2 (46.7%). Instability (31%) and dizziness (17.2%) were frequent causes of falls in the CDR 1 group, and this group showed the highest rate of recurrence (28%). In both groups of AD patients, indoors falls predominated (70.3 and 80% respectively for CDR 1 and 2). In our sample, the remaining factors studied were not associated with increasing risk for falls. Conclusions: These results reinforce the hypothesis that falls in AD are mutifactorial and that their risk factors are highly interconnected. Preventative strategies considering all aspects should be implemented most crucially eliminating environmental risks, maintaining constant presence of caregivers, and providing physical and functional stimulation, both in mild and moderate AD.

Fall risk factors in elderly patients with cognitive impairment on rehabilitation wards

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vassallo ◽  
Santhosh Kumar Mallela ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Joseph Kwan ◽  
Steve Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Fall Risk Factors

Fall risk factors in older people with dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Härlein ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Ruud J. G. Halfens ◽  
Cornelia Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Fall Risk Factors

Influence of cognitive impairment on fall risk among elderly nursing home residents

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seijo-Martinez ◽  
J. M. Cancela ◽  
C. Ayán ◽  
S. Varela ◽  
H. Vila
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
Activity Performance

ABSTRACTBackground:Information relating the severity of cognitive decline to the fall risk in institutionalized older adults is still scarce. This study aims to identify potential fall risk factors (medications, behavior, motor function, and neuropsychological disturbances) depending on the severity of cognitive impairment in nursing home residents.Methods:A total of 1,167 nursing home residents (mean age 81.44 ± 8.26 years; 66.4% women) participated in the study. According to the MEC, (the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination) three levels of cognitive impairment were established: mild (20–24) “MCI”, moderate (14–19) “MOCI”, and severe (≤14) “SCI”. Scores above 24 points indicated the absence cognitive impairment (NCI). Information regarding fall history and fall risk during the previous year was collected using standardized questionnaires and tests.Results:Sixty falls (34%) were registered among NCI participants and 417 (43%) among people with cognitive impairment (MCI: 35%; MOCI: 40%; SCI: 50%). A different fall risk model was observed for MCI, MOCI, SCI, and NCI patients. The results imply that the higher the level of cognitive impairment, the greater the number of falls (F1,481= 113.852; Sig = 0.015), although the level of significance was not maintained when MOCI and SCI participants were compared. Depression, neuropsychiatric disturbances, autonomy constraints in daily life activity performance, and low functional mobility were factors closely associated with fall risk.Conclusion:This study provides evidence indicating that fall risk factors do not hold a direct correlation with the level of cognitive impairment among elderly nursing home care residents.

New Perspectives on Risk Factors for Exertional Heat Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Michael R. Szymanski ◽  
Andrew J. Grundstein ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Exertional Heat Stroke ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies

Intense exercise in extreme heat can increase the risk of developing exertional heat stroke (EHS). EHS is 100% survivable with appropriate care, and it is imperative that health care professionals recognize predisposing factors that may increase susceptibility to EHS. Understanding risk factors for EHS will enable clinicians to create effective prevention strategies to improve exercise heat tolerance and mitigate EHS risk. This review addresses new perspectives on risk factors for EHS that focus on hydration, heat acclimatization, medical conditions, climate change and policies, medications, and strength and conditioning sessions.

scholarly journals Missed opportunities for prevention of hip fracture in older patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilija Dubljanin-Raspopovic ◽  
Ljiljana Denic-Markovic ◽  
Goran Tulic ◽  
Mirko Grajic ◽  
Sanja Tomanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Bone Density Measurement ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Testing

Background/Aim. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity in the population. Therefore, fracture prevention strategies should be a major concern, and one of the priorities in the primary health care system. The aim of the study was to assess fracture and fall risk factors, and fracture risk level in patients with acute hip fracture, and to evaluate if there had been adequate osteoporosis treatment prior to fracture in this group of patients. Methods. Fracture and fall risk factors were assessed in 342 patients, ? 65 years old, hospitalized due to acute hip fracture at the Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia in a 12-month period. Fall risk factors were assessed with the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX?) algorithm, and patients were classified in respect to fracture risk level. Results. Hip fracture occurred in the majority of the patients in the high risk group (74.2%), where no additional bone mineral density testing was needed. Less than 10% of the patients had a diagnosis of osteoporosis before injury, while less than 2% were treated. Cognitive impairment (95.3%), visual impairment (58.2%), lower index of daily activities (51.8%), and depression (47.1%) were the most frequently observed fall risk factors. Conclusion. The results of our investigation reveal insufficient identification of clinical fracture risk factors in the primary care setting, inadequate treatment of osteoporosis and, consequently, ineffective prevention of hip fractures in the geriatric population. The introduction of FRAX? into clinical practice enables more effective acknowledgment of patients with elevated fracture risk, even if bone density measurement is not available. The results of this study have a special significance for everyday clinical practice, because they impose a need for reviewing the existing approaches to osteoporosis prevention, and precise definiment of hip prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara infection in Korean, Manchu, Mongol, and Han ethnic groups in northern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 3101-3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-L. YANG ◽  
X.-X. ZHANG ◽  
C.-W. SHI ◽  
W.-T. YANG ◽  
Y.-L. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies ◽  
Undercooked Meat

SUMMARYToxocariasis is a very prevalent zoonotic disease worldwide. Recently, investigators have focused more on Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in humans. Information regarding Toxocara seroprevalence in people from different ethnic backgrounds in China is limited. For this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 802 Han, 520 Korean, 303 Manchu, and 217 Mongol subjects from Jilin and Shandong provinces. The overall Toxocara seroprevalence was 16·07% (14·21% Han, 20·58% Korean, 11·22% Manchu, 18·89% Mongol). Living in suburban or rural areas, having dogs at home, exposure to soil, and consumption of raw/undercooked meat were risk factors for Toxocara infection. Exposure to soil was identified as the major risk factor for Toxocara seropositivity in all of the tested ethnicities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning Toxocara infection in Manchus and Mongols in China. The present study provided baseline data for effective prevention strategies of toxocariasis in northeast China and recommends improvements in personal hygiene standards to achieve this goal.

The Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Functional Fitness among Older Adults Living in Rest Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Tuna ◽  
Ö Bozan ◽  
B Gürpınar ◽  
N İlçin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
Rest Home ◽  
History Of

Objective: This study aimed to report the fear of falling and assess its associations with several fall-related characteristics and functional fitness parameters among older adults living in the rest home. Methods: Seventy-eight older adults aged between 65-94 years were included in the study. History of falling and the number of risk factors for falling were recorded. Fear of falling was evaluated with The Falls Efficacy ScaleInternational. Functional fitness was assessed with Senior Fitness Test, including tests for the functional measurement of strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance and dynamic balance. Result: The mean age of participants was 78.46±7.16 years. There were correlations exist between fear of falling and number of fall risk factors, dynamic balance, upper body flexibility and aerobic endurance (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the parameters with the highest determinants of fear of falling were the dynamic balance and history of falling (p<0.05). Conclusions: In our study, history of falling, number of fall risk factors, flexibility for the upper body, aerobic endurance and dynamic balance were parameters related to fear of falling among older adults, but the most influential factors in fear of falling were dynamic balance and history of falling.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Madeline Drake ◽  
Shah-Jahan M. Dodwad ◽  
Joy Davis ◽  
Lillian S. Kao ◽  
Yanna Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽  
Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies

The incidence of acute and chronic pancreatitis is increasing in the United States. Rates of acute pancreatitis (AP) are similar in both sexes, but chronic pancreatitis (CP) is more common in males. When stratified by etiology, women have higher rates of gallstone AP, while men have higher rates of alcohol- and tobacco-related AP and CP, hypercalcemic AP, hypertriglyceridemic AP, malignancy-related AP, and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). No significant sex-related differences have been reported in medication-induced AP or type 2 AIP. Whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is sex-associated remains controversial. Animal models have demonstrated sex-related differences in the rates of induction and severity of AP, CP, and AIP. Animal and human studies have suggested that a combination of risk factor profiles, as well as genes, may be responsible for the observed differences. More investigation into the sex-related differences of AP and CP is desired in order to improve clinical management by developing effective prevention strategies, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Sex Differences in Modifiable Fall Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Kubo ◽  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Naoki Tomiyama ◽  
Akira Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Fall Risk Factors
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