scholarly journals Effect of red mud addition on the corrosion parameters of reinforced concrete evaluated by electrochemical methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Ribeiro ◽  
J.A. Labrincha ◽  
M.R. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
High Ph ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Bauxite Ore

Red mud, the main waste generated in aluminum and alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer process, is considered "hazardous" due to its high pH. The high pH also provides greater protection of rebars, which is reflected in the low corrosion potential and high electrical resistivity (filler effect) of concrete. The corrosion potential was monitored by electrochemical measurements and the electrical resistivity was evaluated using sensors embedded in concrete test specimens. The results showed that the addition of red mud is beneficial to concrete, reducing its corrosion potential and increasing its electrical resistivity. Red mud proved to be a promising additive for concrete to inhibit the corrosion process.

Electrical resistivity and corrosion potential of reinforced concrete: influencing factors and prediction models

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (19) ◽  
pp. 2107-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Viet Phuong Tran ◽  
Pakawat Sancharoen ◽  
Pitichon Klomjit ◽  
Somnuk Tangtermsirikul
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Corrosion Potential

scholarly journals Synthesis of Amorphous Aluminosilicates from Bintan’s Red Mud as Alumina Source

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Futri Wulandari ◽  
Eka Putra Ramdhani ◽  
Yatim Lailun Ni’mah ◽  
Ahmad Anwarud Dawam ◽  
Didik Prasetyoko
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Alkali Fusion ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Red mud is a generated by-product in alumina production from bauxite ore. In this study, Bintan’s red mud has been used as alumina and silica source to synthesize amorphous mesoporous aluminosilicates material. Alkali fusion method with a NaOH/red mud ratio 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.5 followed by hydrolysis method was used to extract dissolved alumina and silica from red mud. Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicates by hydrothermal method was conducted at 80 °C for 24 h. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) was added as the structure directing agent. Aluminosilicate products were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. XRD and SEM result shows that the product was amorphous with low uniformity in terms of surface morphology and particle size. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption profile shows that all aluminosilicates products has a meso pore structure, confirmed by the highest pore distribution at 3.05–17.70 nm. The highest surface area and pore volume were obtained in ASM 0.8 (NaOH/red mud ratio = 0.8) i.e. 177.97 m2/g and 1.09 cm3/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Bulk Utilization of Red Mud in Geopolymer Based Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Abhisek Mohapatra ◽  
Prasanta Bose ◽  
Sagar S Pandit ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
T.C. Alex
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Alumina Industry ◽  
And Storage

Red Mud is the solid residue generated from Alumina refinery during the process of bauxite ore processing through Bayer’s process. Typical generation of red mud is 1.5 tons of red mud per ton of alumina produced. The disposal and storage of red mud has been a concern for the alumina industry since its inception, more than a hundred years ago. With the increase in alumina production, the magnitude of the problem is getting multiplied. Its alkaline nature (Na2O ~ 3-7%) and fine size make red mud unsuitable for many applications; a limited utilization is reported in cement industries as one of the raw mix components for cement. The present work deals with the utilization of red mud in geopolymer based paving blocks. Alumina, silica and alkali are the essential items required for geopolymer preparation. Having all these in red mud, the current study attempted to use the same in geopolymer based products. The focus has been on bulk utilization of red mud; target strength of 20 MPa after 28 days of curing (M20 grade) has been the goal as this strength is sufficient for many applications. The study focused on optimizing the red mud content, alkali concentration, fly ash content, etc. The samples are tested for its compressive strength and leachability. The study reveals that significant amount of red mud incorporation is possible with products conforming to USEPA 1311 norms.

Red Mud waste from the Bayer process as a catalyst for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (88) ◽  
pp. 47287-47296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina de Resende ◽  
Iara do Rosário Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Marcel Schlaf ◽  
Mário César Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The management of Red Mud generated as a waste by-product of bauxite processing in the aluminum industry is key to the long-term sustainability of alumina production.

scholarly journals Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zinoveev ◽  
Pavel Grudinsky ◽  
Andrey Zakunov ◽  
Artem Semenov ◽  
Maria Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Roasting ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Hsc Chemistry ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Red mud is a by-product of alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer method, which contains considerable amounts of valuable components such as iron, aluminum, titanium, and scandium. In this study, an approach was applied to extract iron, i.e., carbothermic reduction roasting of red mud with sodium and potassium carbonates followed by magnetic separation. The thermodynamic analysis of iron and iron-free components’ behavior during carbothermic reduction was carried out by HSC Chemistry 9.98 (Outotec, Pori, Finland) and FactSage 7.1 (Thermfact, Montreal, Canada; GTT-Technologies, Herzogenrath, Germany) software. The effects of the alkaline carbonates’ addition, as well as duration and temperature of roasting on the iron metallization degree, iron grains’ size, and magnetic separation process were investigated experimentally. The best conditions for the reduction roasting were found to be as follows: 22.01% of K2CO3 addition, 1250 °C, and 180 min of duration. As a generalization of the obtained data, the mechanism of alkaline carbonates’ influence on iron grain growth was proposed.

scholarly journals Current key options for management of industrial alkaline waste of alumina production (red mud)

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Htet Ye Aung ◽  
Alexander Boyarintsev ◽  
Sergey Stepanov ◽  
Andrei Shoustikov
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Bauxite Ore

Due to the ever-increasing demand of the world economy for aluminum, its alloys and compounds, the production of this metal is increasing annually throughout the world. This leads to an increase in the industrial production of alumina, which is obtained from bauxite ore in the Bayer process. After recovering the bulk of the aluminum from the bauxite ore, there remains a residue which is highly alkaline toxic waste, which is also called bauxite residues (tailings) or red mud (RM). About 140-150 million tons of RM are produced annually and almost 4 billion tons have already been accumulated. At the moment, the problem of RM recycling and the development of effective and cost-effective approaches to their reprocessing is extremely urgent. Reducing RM affects economic, environmental, social areas and is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of nature and society. Despite active scientific research and efforts to develop and optimize various methods for RM recycling and reprocessing, the problem of an annual increase in their volumes around the world remains unresolved. Recently, promising and efficient processes have been proposed that allows for the complex reprocessing of RM with the extraction of a number of valuable liquid products that may be in demand in various fields of industry. This allows to focus on large-scale disposal of RM and can be a solution to the problem of handling these industrial wastes. The article considers the main current trends in the field of management of various types of RM with a focus on complex reprocessing and zero waste concepts.

EVANOHM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract EVANOHM is a nickel-base alloy having low temperature coefficient of resistance and high electrical resistivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: Ni-57. Producer or source: Wilbur B. Driver Company.

EVANOHM ALLOY S

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Wire ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Optimum Stability

Abstract EVANOHM alloy S offers optimum stability and flexibility with regard to both size and required temperature coefficient of resistance. Its extremely low electromotive force vs copper together with its high electrical resistivity are highly desirable properties in a precision resistance wire. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: Ni-373. Producer or source: Wilbur B. Driver Company.

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