scholarly journals Composition of small and large firms’ business networks in transition economies

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (46) ◽  
pp. 195-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Portugal Ferreira ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Fernando Ribeiro Serra ◽  
Sungu Armagan
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal Business

In this study, using firm level data from twenty six transition economies collected by the World Bank and the EBRD in 1999-2000, we conduct a set of logistic regression models to investigate the composition of small and large firms’ business networks. The results show that, in contrast to smaller firms, larger firms are more likely to have formal business relationships, and relationships with national and foreign financial institutions, government, and foreign firms. In addition, in a subgroup analysis of seven transition economies we show that the composition of the firms’ business networks varies substantially across countries but that the government is still a dominant client. Furthermore, we found a large variation on firms’ reliance on informal ties and the extent to which firms exchange with foreign firms.

R&D Performance in High-Tech Firms in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Using firm-level data from Changzhou, a prefectural city in China's Yangzi River Delta, we investigate the performance of both internal and external research and development (R&D) in high-tech firms. We find that, on average, high-tech firms with more internal R&D expenditure apply for more patents in terms of both the total number of patents and the number of invention patents. Internal R&D is most efficient in foreign firms, followed by private firms and then state-owned enterprises. These findings highlight the importance of privatizing high-tech firms in China if the government intends to accelerate industrial upgrading and convert the pattern of “Made in China” into “Created in China.”

Is a Corruption Crackdown Really Good for the Economy? Firm-Level Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study the impact of anticorruption efforts on firm performance, exploiting an unanticipated corruption crackdown in China’s Heilongjiang province in 2004. We compare firms in the affected regions with those in other inland regions before and after the crackdown. Our main finding is an overall negative impact of the crackdown on firm productivity and entry rates. Furthermore, these negative impacts are mainly experienced by private and foreign firms, while state-owned firms are mostly unaffected. We present evidence concerning two potential explanations for our findings. First, the corruption crackdown may have limited bribery opportunities that helped private firms operate. Second, the corruption crackdown may have interfered with personal connections between private firms and government officials to a greater extent than institutional connections between state-owned firms and the government. Overall, our findings suggest that corruption crackdowns may not restore efficiency in the economy, but instead lead to worse economic outcomes, at least in the short run (JEL L2, M1, O1).

scholarly journals Political Risk Insurance: A New Firm-level Data Set

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1006
Author(s):  
Vincent Arel-Bundock ◽  
Clint Peinhardt ◽  
Amy Pond
Keyword(s):  
Political Risk ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Level Data ◽  
New Firm ◽  
Risk Insurance

When do governments impose costs on foreign firms? Many studies of foreign direct investment focus on incentives for government expropriation, but scholars are often forced to rely on indirect measures of expropriation to conduct empirical analyses. This article introduces a data set which includes information on over 5,000 political risk insurance contracts issued by the US Overseas Private Investment Corporation since 1961, and on all the claims filed by investors under these contracts. These detailed insurance data allow us to study the determinants of foreign investors’ losses from a variety of sources, including expropriation, inconvertibility, and violent conflict. To illustrate the benefits of these data for hypothesis testing, we adopt a comprehensive empirical approach and explore both shared and distinct causes across risk categories.

scholarly journals Does the Common Currency Increase Exports? Evidence from Firm-Level Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Jan Michałek ◽  
Anna Michałek
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Econometric Approach

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to investigate empirically whether the adoption of the common currency increases the export activity of individual frms using the probity model. There are many studies that seek to estimate the aggregate trade effects of the adoption of the euro by the “outside” EU countries, which are based on the gravity model. In contrast to the existing literature we use an alternative micro econometric approach based on firm level data compiled by the EBRD and the World Bank. We demonstrate that the propensity to export of individual frms from Slovenia and Slovakia increased after the accession of those countries to the Eurozone.

Estimation of Elasticities of Substitution for CES and VES Production Functions using Firm-level Data for Food-processing Industries in Pakistan

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Barrese ◽  
Sohail J. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Acre Yield ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Government

This study, based on the time-series data covering the period from 1956 to 1986, estimates production function in the agricultural sector of Pakistan. The strategy for agricultural development in the country has been based on greater utilization of "high pay-off' low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through financial institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this technology. Despite the infusion of seed-fertilizer technology, per acre yield of major crops like wheat, rice, cereal and sugar-cane in Pakistan is lower than in most LDCs in the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of present technology has reached a plateau and it is time to look for additional inputs for improvement in productivity.

scholarly journals The innovation gender gap in transition countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Biscione ◽  
Dorothée Boccanfuso ◽  
Raul Caruso ◽  
Annunziata de Felice
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

AbstractThis paper investigates the sources of the possible gender ownership gap in innovativeness in a set of Transition economies by means of firm-level data coming from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS V) conducted in 2012–2014. Through the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition we highlight the factors explaining the differences in the propensity to innovate between female-owned and male-owned firms. We find that the innovation disparity between firms with females among their owners and those having only male owners is mainly due to the differences in endowment effects. Tangible and intangible assets affect the innovation gap between the two groups of firms.

scholarly journals Does Perception of Business Climate Differ Between Foreign and Local Investors? A Firm-level Study of Transition Economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Olga Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
Local Companies

Difference between foreign and local investors in their respective assessments of business climate constraints has not yet been given much attention in research literature. Drawing on institutional theory and the concept of liability of foreignness (LoF), the study contributes towards filling this gap in the context of business climate variables faced by foreign firms operating in transition economies. The Mann-Whitney U Test is applied to firm-level data of 30 transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We found that foreign investors experience less trouble with access to finance, tax rate and competition towards the informal sector compared with domestic firms. Conversely, such variables as courts, custom and trade regulations, inadequate workforce, and labor regulations disturbed foreign investors more than local companies. LoF appears as a balanced outcome of firm-specific advantages, possessed by foreign investors, and location and institutional advantages, utilized by the local companies. The results point towards important possible synergies in enhancing the business climate in transition economies by policy-makers, and to potential conflict between policy reforms accommodating the interests of foreign capital against those of domestic firms.

scholarly journals Firm-level Inefficiency in Post-transition Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Valerija Botrić
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

Firms in post-transition economies are frequently considered less efficient than those in more advanced market economies. By relying on the World Bank Enterprise Survey for the year 2019, firm-level technical inefficiency is estimated by the stochastic frontier analysis method for a sample of European post-transition countries. To be precise, the analysis included Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, North Macedonia, Poland, Serbia, and Slovenia. Furthermore, the factors contributing to the firm-level inefficiency are explored in a comparative setting. The effects of the international orientation of the firm, foreign ownership, doing business with the government sector, presence of informal competitors, innovation activity, manager experience, and the age of the firm on the technical inefficiency are estimated. Results show that although some factors are common to a subsample of countries, not a single factor is significant in all the analysed economies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

scholarly journals Determinants of export performance of Ukrainian firms

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Jan Jakub Michałek ◽  
Iryna Nasadiuk
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Firm Level Data

Following the new strand in the new trade theory literature that focuses on firm heterogeneity, in this paper we investigate the determinants of a firm’s export performance in Ukraine. The study is based on the BEEPS firm level data compiled by EBRD and the World Bank. The study covers the period starting in 2005 and ending in 2013. We estimate the probit regressions for each year of our sample as well as for the pooled dataset that includes all years. Our pooled estimation results indicate that the probability of exporting is related to the level of productivity, the firm size, innovation, the share of university graduates in productive employment, as well as the internationalization of firms.

scholarly journals Global Firms and Global Sheriffs? Why Territory Matters for Extraterritorial Enforcement of Regulatory Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Foreign Company ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Firm Level Data

International regimes demand states regulate private companies to ensure better governance of markets. Although global firms can evade regulations creating complex ownership structures, a few countries enforce their laws extraterritorially. They prosecute firms regardless of their nationality, like “global sheriffs”. However, these countries only prosecute a fraction of the foreign firms under their jurisdiction. I study this phenomenon focusing on US extraterritorial prosecution. I argue that US authorities are more likely to prosecute foreign companies with US investment. Formally, this is no requirement for the application of American regulations. Yet, it exposes a foreign company to the local public opinion. US prosecutors exploit induced reputational cost to obtain cooperation and retrieve information to build a case. My empirics leverage novel firm-level data on law enforcement under the anti-bribery regime. US authorities are 0.26 more likely to investigate a suspect foreign company when it has investment in the US.

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