scholarly journals Pericarp development in the macaw palm Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Barbosa Reis ◽  
Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões ◽  
Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata ◽  
Days After Anthesis

The anatomy of the pericarp of the macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) was followed during development. Ovaries of flowers collected at anthesis of the bracts as well as pericarps were evaluated at different development phases using traditional plant anatomy techniques. The ovary wall has two meristematic regions, one adjacent to the external epidermis and the other surrounding the seminal cavity. The external meristematic region gives rise to the woody exocarp, and the internal meristematic region is responsible for thickening of the oily/fibrous mesocarp as well as the hard endocarp. Sclerification of the exocarp and endocarp occurs approximately 70 days after anthesis and defines the final fruit volume. Lignification of the exocarp cell layers is incomplete, lending porosity to the structure. Numerous canals develop in the mesocarp that are formed by the fusion of raphide-containing idioblasts. Lignification of the sclereids and their generally random arrangement confers impermeability and rigidity to the endocarp. In mature fruits, lipidic reserves are observed in parenchymatic cells of the mesocarp, and the germination pore in the endocarp is composed of parenchymatic cells.

scholarly journals Effect of drying and soaking fruits and seeds on germination of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata [Jacq.] Loddiges ex MART.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélio Rubio Neto ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Juliana De Fátima Sales ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Vieira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Capillaries Entering and Leaving the Stria Vascularis

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics

Capillaries entering and leaving the stria vascularis were surrounded by layers of basal cells and fibrocytes. The entering capillaries were surrounded by one or two thin basal cells, while the leaving capillaries were surrounded by four or five thicker and interdigitated basal cell layers. Moreover, the layers surrounding the leaving capillaries persisted further into the spiral ligament. Two kinds of filaments were observed in the basal cells, one thin and the other thick. Capillaries were observed to leak horseradish peroxidase before they entered and after they left the stria vascularis. Although the reaction product of horseradish peroxidase was observed in all perivascular spaces of leaving capillaries, very little or no reaction product was observed around some entering capillaries. It is speculated that the layers of basal cells and fibrocytes around entering and leaving capillaries control the vascular flow out of the stria vascularis, although the layers around leaving capillaries may be more contractile than those around entering capillaries.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicide Applications During and After Anthesis Against Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. D'Angelo ◽  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
K. A. Ames ◽  
K. T. Willyerd ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Seven field experiments were conducted in Ohio and Illinois between 2011 and 2013 to evaluate postanthesis applications of prothioconazole + tebuconazole and metconazole for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) control in soft red winter wheat. Treatments consisted of an untreated check and fungicide applications made at early anthesis (A), 2 (A+2), 4 (A+4), 5 (A+5), or 6 (A+6) days after anthesis. Six of the seven experiments were augmented with artificial Fusarium graminearum inoculum, and the other was naturally infected. FHB index (IND), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and DON concentration of grain were quantified. All application timings led to significantly lower mean arcsine-square-root-transformed IND and FDK (arcIND and arcFDK) and log-transformed (logDON) than in the untreated check; however, arcIND, arcFDK, and logDON for the postanthesis applications were generally not significantly different from those for the anthesis applications. Relative to the check, A+2 resulted in the highest percent control for both IND and DON, 69 and 54%, respectively, followed by A+4 (62 and 52%), A+6 (62 and 48%), and A (56 and 50%). A+2 and A+6 significantly reduced IND by 30 and 14%, respectively, relative to the anthesis application. Postanthesis applications did not, however, reduce DON relative to the anthesis application. These results suggest that applications made up to 6 days following anthesis may be just as effective as, and sometimes more effective than, anthesis applications at reducing FHB and DON.

Distribution of Calcium and Phosphate in Cells of the Enamel Organ in the Rat Lower Incisor

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawamoto ◽  
M. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Layers

The distribution of calcium and phosphate in the cells of the enamel organ of the rat lower incisors was investigated by autoradiography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Radioactive calcium or phosphate was injected i.p. into seven-day-old rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were frozen 0.5, 1, and 10 min after injection, and embedded in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Sagittal sections of 10 μm thickness were made in which the lower incisor was included as a part of the whole-body section. For autoradiography, the sections were freeze-dried and placed in contact with dry thin films prepared from autoradiographic emulsion. For EDS, sections were mounted on carbon stubs, freeze-dried, coated with carbon, and examined by EDS in a SEM. 45Ca and 32P autoradiograms showed that the radioactivity was located over the papillary layer cells adjacent to the secretory stage ameloblasts and was much higher here than in the ameloblastic layer. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the amount of radioactivity of these two cell layers in the maturation stage, although higher radioactivity was detectable in the maturation stage enamel than in the secretory stage enamel. Pronounced Ka x-ray peaks were obtained for P, S, Cl, and K originating from the cells of the papillary and ameloblastic layers in the secretory stage, but only very low peaks were obtained for Ca. On the other hand, in addition to these elements, remarkably high Ca and Fe peaks could be detected in the ameloblastic layer of the maturation stage.

scholarly journals The complete plastome of macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.] and extensive molecular analyses of the evolution of plastid genes in Arecaceae

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda de Santana Lopes ◽  
Túlio Gomes Pacheco ◽  
Tabea Nimz ◽  
Leila do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Miguel P. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

Histological study of somatic embryogenesis induction on zygotic embryos of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Martius)

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Ferreira Moura ◽  
Marília Contin Ventrella ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike ◽  
Adauto Quirino de Sá Júnior ◽  
Mychelle Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

scholarly journals Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Monteze Bicalho ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e Borges ◽  
Glauciana da Mata Ataíde ◽  
Valéria Monteze Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Reserve Mobilization ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

How Eucalypt fruits release their seed

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Cremer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Calyx Tube

Living fruits are completely filled with seeds; and although partial dehiscence is usual in some species as soon as the fruit has matured, no seed is shed until the fruit died and the loculi have widened. The widening is accomplished by three mechanisms, illustrated respectively by E. regnans, E. globulus, and E. calophylla. In .E. regnans there is a thin, woody ovary wall which retracts well into the calyx tube. In E. globulus the loculi are surrounded by thick fleshy tissue which shrinks strongly when dried but remains adnate to the rigid exterior calyx tube. In E. calophylla the valves are also rather fleshy, but not adnate to the calyx tube; they shrink strongly in both longitudinal and centrifugal directions. The above three mechanisms serve not only to widen but also to open the loculi. the case of fruits with strongly protruding valves, opening is aided by the outward bending of the valve tips (e.g. E. viminalis). The bending occurs because the dorsal layer of the valve consists of softer tissue which shrinks more strongly than the ventral layer. The other species examined (E. simmondsii, E. urnigera, E. obliqua, E. delegatensis, E. coccifera, E. ficifolia, E. setosa, E. eximia, E. grandfilia, E. aspera, E. clavigera, E. tesselaris) all depend on one or more of the above mechanisms.

scholarly journals Mating System and Genetic Composition of the Macaw Palm (Acrocomia aculeata): Implications for Breeding and Genetic Conservation Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éder C. M. Lanes ◽  
Sérgio Y. Motoike ◽  
Kacilda N. Kuki ◽  
Marcos D. V. Resende ◽  
Eveline T. Caixeta
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

scholarly journals Differentiation of two distinct K conductances in the basolateral membrane of turtle colon.

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Germann ◽  
M E Lowy ◽  
S A Ernst ◽  
D C Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracer Kinetics ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Different Populations

The K conductance of the basolateral membrane of turtle colon was measured in amphotericin-treated cell layers under a variety of ionic conditions. Changing the composition of the bathing solutions changed not only the magnitude but also the physical properties of the basolateral K conductance. The results are consistent with the notion that altered ionic environments can lead to changes in the relative abundance of two different populations of K channels in the basolateral membrane, which can be differentiated on the basis of pharmacological specificity, ion selectivity, and tracer kinetics. In the following article (Germann, W. J., S. A. Ernst, and D. C. Dawson, 1986, Journal of General Physiology, 88:253-274), we present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that one of these conductances was due to the same channels that give rise to the normal resting basolateral K conductance of the transporting cells, while the other was associated with experimental maneuvers that led to extreme swelling of the epithelial cells.

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