The Evolving Role of the Planning Function

10.1596/36591 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-355
Author(s):  
Khusnul Khotimah

Abstract: Nyai's role in Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah Putri Karang Suci includes the role of domestic leadership and the role of pulik leadership. The role of domestic leadership, among others; creating cleanliness and tidiness of the hut, creating discipline, instilling morality al-karimah on santri, and preparing the logistic needs of students. While the role of public leadership bu Nyai is planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. In the planning function, the thing that be done is to prepare the facilities and infrastructure of Islamic boarding school, designing activities of Islamic boarding school, preparing budget plans, preparing curriculum preparation. In the organizing function of the things done is organizing the board and boarding school, create a job description. In the actuating function, what is done is to direct and encourage the performance of subordinates in the implementation of daily and annual programs. In the controlling function, the thing that is done is to conduct direct and indirect evaluation. Another thing that is done by bu Nyai is equip facilities infrastructure, financing and doing cooperation. Keywords: The role of bu Nyai, Leadership, management, pesanten al-Hidayah Karang Suci Purwokerto


Author(s):  
Julie Sin

This chapter looks at the role of a health services commissioning function (or equivalent planning function) in addressing health inequalities of access and outcomes of services. Working definitions of health inequalities and health inequities are described for use. The backdrop to health inequities in populations is also described for orientation. The chapter then considers the roles of commissioning in contributing to reducing such inequities of access and outcomes. Commissioners’ generic responsibilities, direct contributions, and collaborative roles are captured. It is further noted that taking such a whole-system approach and recognizing the value of ‘starting early’ is also very apt for commissioners, as achieving equity of service outcomes depends not only on equitable access to services, but also to some extent on reducing the differentials in early risk factors in a population, as the latter can impact later outcomes even with seemingly equitable access to treatment services.


Author(s):  
John Smallwood ◽  
Chris Allen

Students' post-course perceptions provide insight relative to their understanding and appreciation of a module, including the impact thereof within the context of the wider course content, hence the study 'Construction management students' post course perceptions regarding a CCS Candy course' presented at a South African university. The salient findings include: 'planning-programming' predominates in terms of the extent Candy training contributed to an increase in knowledge; costing and estimating predominate in terms of an enhancement of skills; coordinating predominates in terms of contributing to an improvement in students' understanding and appreciation of the functions of management work, and cost predominates in terms of an improvement in students' understanding and appreciation of the project parameters. Conclusions include that the CCS Candy course had an impact in terms of: an enhancement of both knowledge and skills aligned with the planning function; a better understanding and appreciation of the practice of construction management, and students understand and appreciate the importance and role of the course in terms of greater knowledge development. It is recommended that the 'add-on' certificated CCS Candy course continue to be included and that the research be conducted annually.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.


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