Borderless Bazaars and Regional Integration in Central Asia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Kaminski ◽  
Saumya Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration

scholarly journals The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Gateway to Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 455-469
Author(s):  
Mir Sher Baz Khetran ◽  
Muhammad Humayun Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and its launch in 2015 was regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Sino-Pakistani relationship. With a budget amounting to over $62 billion, it has become the foremost regional integration initiative between China and Pakistan. The project is also open to all interested regional stakeholders, among which Central Asia is one of the most important in geopolitical terms. Located in a landlocked but resource-rich region, Central Asian countries need better access to regional markets including Pakistan, China, India, and the countries of West Asia. Pakistan and China have huge energy demands that can be satisfied by growing trade with Central Asia. Thus, the CPEC will not only benefit Pakistan and China, but it also presents a strategic opportunity for Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan to transport their goods more easily and gain competitiveness in regional and global markets.

From Soviet Republics to Independent Countries: Challenges of Transition in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzohid Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn the twentieth century, the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan passed through a complex historical period. They were originally founded as republics of the Soviet Union in the 1920s-30s as a result of national and territorial state delimitation. The process of the creation of new national state formations began after the Soviet Union disintegrated and these republics achieved independence. At the same time, the region's nations are facing complex problems of transition and the creation of new societies. Nevertheless, these countries have to continue the process of political and economic reforms, as well as development of civic institutions. The Central Asian nations established contacts with foreign states and international organizations and started to form a system of interstate relations between the countries of the region. There are potentials for development of regional integration of Central Asia. Future integration will depend on the readiness of the nations to carry out political and economic reforms, introduce forms and methods of economic regulation compatible with global norms, and most important, international support of political reforms and regional integration.

scholarly journals Image Creation: How China Can Gain a Foothold in Central Asia

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Z. Huasheng
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt

Economic cooperation between China and Central Asia is developing successfully, though some unforeseen difficulties emerged in the process of regional integration. The main problem China faces currently is its image factor i.e. the problem of perception of China by the countries and peoples of Central Asia. The main task of China in the construction of Silk Road Economic Belt in the region is to improve and enrich its image and all its components.

scholarly journals Mongolia’s assertive and pragmatic role in India’s Connect Central Asia Policy: Current trajectory and Future Ahead

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar ◽  
Souvik Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
North East ◽  
Energy Assets ◽  
Energy Relations

Mongolia’s uniqueness and importance in contemporary world politics lie in its geographical situating, demography, and economy. Geographically landlocked and situated in the Eurasian intersection, Mongolia has the lowest population density of any sovereign country on the planet. Sandwiched among Russia and China Mongolia's harsh environment limit its economic interests. However, Mongolia's geostrategic position, unexplored energy assets, and democratic governance have expanded its importance in global politics. Because of such Mongolia holds a key position in India's Act East and Connect Central Policy to counter China's expansionist policies in North-East Asia. With regards to India-Mongolia relations, the two nations share a rich historical legacy. Tibetan Buddhism the most prevailing religion in Mongolia makes social linkages, Democracy solidified further connections between India and Mongolia. Because of these old and profoundly established linkages, India-Mongolia are 'spiritual neighbors'. However, China still has an overreaching control over Mongolia’s trade, commerce, and other sectors. China also dominates intra-regional trade in North-East Asia. Under India’s Connect Central Asia India attempts to counter Chinese encirclement by delving into close strategic, economic, and energy relations with China's neighbors like Mongolia and CAS. However, the achievement or failure of India's Connect Asia Policy will depend upon India's political as well as its diplomatic will to transform India's interest in regional integration in reality.

Japan And Processes Of Regionalization In Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Ziyadulla Pulatkhodjayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the relations between the Central Asian states and Japan at the present stage. The evolution of Japan's diplomatic approaches to this subregion of international relations, as well as its position on the processes of regional integration, is cited. Particular attention is paid to the consonance of the policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan to strengthen the atmosphere of good neighbourliness in Central Asia and Tokyo's position towards the region.

scholarly journals The Turkish Factor in Relations between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Context of Eurasian Integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
M. M. Shumilov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
National Development ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integration Project

Today, the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have to respond to a set of challenges and threats that hinder the progressive development of regional integration. Among them are the problems of relations between the member countries themselves, who found themselves in a difficult situation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. This does not detract from the huge potential of Eurasian integration and the possibility of expanding the range of interested participants in this project. For this reason, Russia and Kazakhstan are obliged to fully protect the constructive, allied, fraternal relations that have developed between them, especially since the success of Eurasian integration as a whole largely depends on this. The combination of objective factors and circumstances, including the spread of Turkey’s influence in Central Asia, puts RussianKazakh relations to certain tests. The Great Turan project, implemented by Turkey and its Turkicspeaking partners, carries certain risks for Russia. The purpose of this study is to clarify the circumstances related to this. At the same time, the author focuses on the development of Russian-Kazakh economic relations in the context of the implementation of the Eurasian integration project. It exposes the myth that the EEU is a politicized institution inspired by the “imperial elites” of Russia. Revealing and analyzing the existing conflict of interests, certain differences in the understanding of the tactical tasks of national development, the author shows that the conflict potential in relations between Russia and Kazakhstan is reliably stopped both by the leaders of the states and by the high level of good-neighborliness and popular will and has no prospects of aggravation. At the same time, the conclusion is justified that no problematic issues of Russian-Kazakh relations can devalue the positive prospects for Eurasian integration. The author also seeks to substantiate the thesis about the inability of the Turkish factor to cause damage to Russian-Kazakh relations and the Eurasian project as a whole. Moreover, the author tries to bring an objective platform under the statement about the compatibility and the possibility of interfacing the Eurasian and all-Turkic integration projects.

scholarly journals COOPERAÇÃO E CONFLITO: AS DINÂMICAS DO PETRÓLEO E DO GÁS NATURAL NA ÁSIA CENTRAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation

This article analyzes some paradigmatic cases of tension between conflict and cooperation, limited cooperation and difficulties in initiating processes of cooperation in Central Asia, particularly in terms of oil and gas, often generating rivalries that prevent significant advances in regional integration.

scholarly journals Regional Integration in Central Asia: Efforts and Results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Central Asian countries have created and joined many regional economic organizations. The aim of this paper is to identify the efforts and obstacles of regional integration and cooperation in Central Asia against the international experience with regional integration in Europe. At present, the governments of Central Asian countries have still not realized the network's function and advantage of regional integration. Since 2000’s integration process in Central Asia conducted by Russia’s initiatives. So regional integration which could include only five Central Asian countries became unreal. This paper examines why today there is no Central Asian Union? In order to analyze the topic were used books written by Dadabayev, Karasar and Kushkumbaev, Dikkaya, papers by Zeyrek, Linn, Erol and Shahin. As the methods of analysis were used comparative method of analysis and historical analysis.

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