Aerodynamic, Acoustic, and Perceptual Changes following Adenoidectomy

Fourteen children were seen prior to adenoidectomy and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months following surgery. On each visit, nasal airway resistance values, nasal cross-sectional area estimates, nasalance scores, and perceptual ratings of nasality were collected. These data were analyzed to identify changes that were related to the time of the test, and to the primary indication for surgery (nasal airway obstruction or recurrent infection). Results revealed significant reduction in nasal airway resistance and significant changes in nasalance following surgery. Perceptual changes were not significant. Clinical Implications of these findings are discussed.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Nasal Passage Patency after Antigen and Histamine Challenge in Guinea Pigs by Acoustic Rhinometry

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065897781446856 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Setsuo Nakamoto ◽

Yasuo Sakakura ◽

Ole F. Pedersen ◽

Kotaro Ukai

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Nasal Passage ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percent Change ◽

Nasal Airway Resistance

We investigated the effects of antigen and histamine on the nasal passage patency in guinea pigs with or without nasal allergy. The change of nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry and nasal airway resistance. Acoustic reflections have been used in adult humans to determine nasal cavity dimensions in terms of cross-sectional areas as a function of the distance from the nostril. In order to measure nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pigs, we modified equipment for use in humans by decreasing sound tube dimensions, increasing sampling frequency, and applying a special nosepiece. The percent change of volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasal airway resistance showed the largest changes at 10 minutes after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. There was a significant correlation between the individual percent change of nasal airway resistance and volume or minimum cross-sectional area. Histamine, 102 to 105 μg/mL, caused a dose-dependent reduction in percent change of volume in the challenged side of nonsensitized guinea pigs, but not in the opposite side. These results indicate that the noninvasive acoustic reflections technique is useful in small experimental animals, especially to assess the effect of nasal cavity dimensions after the challenge of antigen or nonspecific stimuli.

Download Full-text

Comparing the effectiveness of nasal dilator strips: does race play a role?

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215114002813 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (S1) ◽

pp. S51-S56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A W Kam ◽

E Pratt ◽

R J Harvey

Keyword(s):

Analogue Scale ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Inspiratory Flow ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Peak Inspiratory Flow ◽

Nasal Airway Resistance ◽

Nasal Dilator Strips ◽

Nasal Peak Inspiratory Flow

AbstractBackground:Nasal dilator strips are thought to widen and stiffen the anterior nasal cavity, and thus improve symptoms of nasal obstruction. It is postulated that anthropomorphic differences in external nasal proportions between races may influence the effectiveness of such dilator strips.Methods:Caucasian and Asian subjects were compared. Nasal peak inspiratory flow, nasal airway resistance, minimum cross-sectional area and visual analogue scale measurements of nasal obstruction were recorded at baseline and following the application of two different dilator strips.Results:Nine Caucasian and six Asian subjects were recruited (n = 15). There was a significant difference between races in terms of nasal peak inspiratory flow improvements following nasal strip application (mean of 29.4 litres per minute in Caucasiansvs14.6 litres per minute in Asians;p = 0.04). Only Caucasians experienced a significant decrease in nasal airway resistance (median of 0.12 Pa/cm3/s;p < 0.01).Conclusion:Nasal peak inspiratory flow, minimum cross-sectional area and visual analogue scale values improved from baseline with strip application in both populations. Only Caucasians experienced significant nasal airway resistance improvement with strip application. Both cohorts experienced nasal peak inspiratory flow improvement, with Caucasians experiencing a significantly larger improvement.

Download Full-text

Impact of nasofrontal angle size on changes in nasal airway resistance before and after rhinoseptoplasty

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns14s1057k ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Vladimir Kljajic ◽

Ljiljana Erdevicki ◽

Ljiljana Vlaski ◽

Slobodan Savovic ◽

Maja Buljcik-Cupic

Keyword(s):

Airway Resistance ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Postoperative Outcome ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nasal Airway Resistance ◽

Before And After ◽

Nasal Pyramid ◽

The Impact

The nose is the most prominent feature of the human face and in terms of esthetics, it has a significant impact on the overall facial appearance, its expression and beauty. In addition, it has other functions, which are much more important, above all breathing, protection, the sense of smell and the sound of the voice. The nasofrontal angle is the angle between the forehead and the dorsum of the nose. It determines the prominence of the nasal pyramid. A more acute nasofrontal angle is associated with a more prominent nasal pyramid. The nasofrontal angle in the Greek nose is 180?. Although authors have different opinions, the nasofrontal angle in Caucasian population should be between 127? and 150?. This prospective, cross-sectional study included 80 patients of both sexes who had undergone rhinoseptoplasty at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. Of 80 patients, 22 were males. As for their age, 61% of patients were between 18 and 25 years old. Analysis of the nasofrontal angle before and after surgery, with a correlation coefficient of 0.4866, indicates that preoperative parameters of the nasofrontal angle have a moderate impact on the postoperative outcome. The impact analysis of the nasofrontal angle on the airway resistance in the preoperative and postoperative period showed distinct differences. Both functions can be best described by linear regression equations. The rhinoseptoplasty procedure reduces the nasofrontal angle to standard dimensions, consequently leading to reduction of the nasal airway resistance.

Download Full-text

Objective assessment of nasal resistance among electronic cigarette users

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121001432 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

S W Lim ◽

AB Zulkiflee

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Control Group ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Nasal Resistance ◽

Short Term ◽

Nasal Airway Resistance

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes have been a popular alternative to tobacco smoking. The effect of tobacco smoking on nasal airway resistance has been investigated before; however, the effect of the aerosol generated by electronic cigarettes is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of e-cigarettes on nasal airway resistance. Methods Sixty-one participants were recruited into a vapers group and a control group. The vapers group was instructed to smoke for 5 minutes, and their nasal resistance was measured pre-procedure and at 1 and 5 minutes post-procedure. The results were compared between both groups. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that vaping has no statistically significant effect on total nasal airway resistance. Conclusion Although the differences between both groups were not statistically significant overall, the vapers group showed a reduction in nasal airway resistance in the short term.

Download Full-text

Guideline Values for Minimum Nasal Cross-Sectional Area in Children

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665618767107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (8) ◽

pp. 1043-1050

Author(s):

Maija T. Laine-Alava ◽

Siiri Murtolahti ◽

Ulla K. Crouse ◽

Donald W. Warren

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Adult Size ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

Guideline Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Research Criteria

Objective: The purpose was to determine age-specific values of the minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal airway in children without cleft lip or palate and to assess whether gender differences occur with growth in order to develop guidelines for assessment in children with clefts. Participants: All schoolchildren aged 8 to 17 years who met the research criteria were studied during rest breathing using the pressure-flow technique. The children came from a rural area of 3800 inhabitants. Consecutive age cohorts were used for comparisons. Results: Nasal cross-sectional area increased in females from 0.38 cm2 in 8-year-olds to 0.58 cm2 in 17-year-olds. There was a decrease in size at ages 10 to 11 and 14 to 15 years. In males, the area increased from 0.40 to 0.68 cm2 and decreased slightly from 9 to 10 and 14 to 15 years. The annual changes were statistically significant in females between 8 and 9 and 11 to 13 years of age, and in males from 11 to 12, 13 to 14, and 15 to 17 years of age. Across gender, the only significant difference occurred at age 16. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the increase in nasal airway size is not consistent during growth. Nasal airway size showed almost equal values for both genders in young children but was systematically larger in boys from 14 years of age on. The results refer that by 17 years of age nasal airway may not have reached adult size in males.

Download Full-text

Venous compliance and clinical implications

Veins and Lymphatics ◽

10.4081/vl.2018.7367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paolo Zamboni ◽

Valentina Tavoni ◽

Francesco Sisini ◽

Massimo Pedriali ◽

Erika Rimondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Pressure ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Venous System ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Venous Compliance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

Deformable System

Compliance is a characteristic of every deformable system. Compliance is very clear concept in physics and mechanics but in clinics, perhaps, is not the same. However, in veins compliance fits perfectly with the function of drainage of the venous system. Volumetric increase (dV) of the content is correlated with pressure increase (dP) inside the vein according to the equation C’= dV/dP. In humans 75% of the blood is located in the venous system, primarily because the molecular components of a vein media layer is significantly more compliant to that of arteries. This property is fundamental to understanding the change in blood volume in response to a change in posture. Measurements of venous compliance in clinical practice can be done by the means of ultrasound, as well as with the plethysmography. Ultrasound methods assimilate the cross sectional area to the volume of the vein, because it reflects the blood content. Changes in cross sectional area can be reliably measured in response to a change in posture, while pressure can be derived from the hydrostatic pressure changes. Venous compliance is of paramount importance also in pulsatile veins such as the inferior or superior vena cava and the jugular veins, where high resolution ultrasound may accurately derive the cross sectional area. Clinical implications of the mechanical properties of the venous wall are extensively discussed, including the need of dedicated venous stenting, which takes into account venous compliance as the main parameter of the venous function. In addition, venous compliance is the interpretative key for a better understanding of plethysmography curves, as well as of varicose veins and of their return to normal cross sectional area following ambulatory venous pressure reduction.

Download Full-text