Efficacy of Cry1Ac:Cry1F Proteins in Cotton Leaf Tissue Against Fall Armyworm, Beet Armyworm, and Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1497-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Tindall ◽  
M. Willrich Siebert ◽  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. All ◽  
F. J. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Observations on the Relationships between Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Maize

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Brianna Flonc ◽  
Mary Barbercheck ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Endophytic Colonization ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pest Suppression ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fungi in the genus Metarhizium are entomopathogens that can establish endophytically inside plants and benefit them through growth promotion and pest suppression. Lab- and greenhouse-based experiments were conducted to examine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii colonization in maize (Zea mays) on fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda). Maize seeds were inoculated with M. robertsii conidia, plants were evaluated for endophytic colonization, and then relative growth rate (RGR) and feeding behavior of larval FAW fed leaves from inoculated and uninoculated maize were measured. Endophytic M. robertsii was recovered from 60.5% of inoculated maize. In feeding bioassays, the RGR of larval FAW fed leaves of inoculated maize was no different than the RGR of larvae fed leaves from uninoculated maize. The RGR of larval FAW was positively correlated with the proportion of endophytic colonization of maize leaf and root tissues; however, in feeding assays, FAW larvae demonstrated no preference for consuming leaf tissue from inoculated or uninoculated maize. The proportion of leaf tissue consumed was unrelated to the proportion of M. robertsii-colonization of leaf or root tissue from source plants. We discuss possible reasons why FAW were not affected by endophytic M. robertsii in the context of assay methodology, FAW physiology, and induced maize defenses.

Bionomics of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Ectoparasitic Nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense, in South Georgia

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
C. E. Rogers ◽  
O. G. Marti ◽  
L. D. Chandler ◽  
A. M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a perennial immigrant pest of several crops in south Georgia. Moths of S. frugiperda commonly are infested by an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain in the Southeast. The seasonal chronology and natural association of these species are reported for Tift Co. from 1988 to 1994. Seasonal influxes of non-infested moths usually arrive in late April and dissipate in early November. Seasonal influxes of infested male moths follow the initial immigrants by 4 to 6 wks and disappear in the fall from 1 to 2 mos earlier than the general moth populations. Feral male moths that are moderately worn and infested by N. guyanense weigh less than moderately worn, non-infested males. Noctuidonema guyanense infests moths of several species of noctuids, but it has not been found on the cotton bollworm/corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Fab.)], or beet armyworm [S. exigua (Hubner)].

Multicellular Rearing Methods for the Beet Armyworm, Soybean Looper, and Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Methods used for rearing Heliothis spp. larvae in a multicellular container were modified for rearing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner). Polyester-cotton cloth used for Heliothis oviposition was unsatisfactory for BAW, SBL, and VBC. A polyester-cotton cloth with a dimpled surface was discovered which was suitable for all three species. Beet armyworm eggs were removed from the oviposition cloth and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. This procedure could not be used for SBL or VBC as it resulted in significant reduction in egg hatch. New methods were developed for placing BAW, SBL, and VBC eggs into a multicellular container. A separator and high volume blower used to harvest Heliothis pupae was also used to harvest BAW and VBC pupae. SBL pupae, because of webbing spun by the larvae prior to pupation, could not be harvested in this manner. A pupal harvest method was developed for SBL. A phosphoric-propionic acid mix incorporated into the larval diet controlled contaminants. These procedures have been used since 1986 at Stoneville and more than ¾ million pupae and 100 million eggs were reared in 1987 and 1988.

scholarly journals Functional examination of lncRNAs in allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Jin Han ◽  
Kening Lu ◽  
Menglin Li ◽  
Mengtao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Allotetraploid Cotton

Abstract Background An evolutionary model using diploid and allotetraploid cotton species identified 80 % of non-coding transcripts in allotetraploid cotton as being uniquely activated in comparison with its diploid ancestors. The function of the lncRNAs activated in allotetraploid cotton remain largely unknown. Results We employed transcriptome analysis to examine the relationship between the lncRNAs and mRNAs of protein coding genes (PCGs) in cotton leaf tissue under abiotic stresses. LncRNA expression was preferentially associated with that of the flanking PCGs. Selected highly-expressed lncRNA candidates (n = 111) were subjected to a functional screening pilot test in which virus-induced gene silencing was integrated with abiotic stress treatment. From this low-throughput screen, we obtained candidate lncRNAs relating to plant height and tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses. Conclusions Low-throughput screen is an effective method to find functional lncRNA for further study. LncRNAs were more active in abiotic stresses than PCG expression, especially temperature stress. LncRNA XLOC107738 may take a cis-regulatory role in response to environmental stimuli. The degree to which lncRNAs are constitutively expressed may impact expression patterns and functions on the individual gene level rather than in genome-wide aggregate.

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

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