scholarly journals Welfare Guarantees in Schelling Segregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 143-174
Author(s):  
Martin Bullinger ◽  
Warut Suksompong ◽  
Alexandros A. Voudouris
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Pareto Optimality ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Schelling Segregation ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
Topology Graph

Schelling’s model is an influential model that reveals how individual perceptions and incentives can lead to residential segregation. Inspired by a recent stream of work, we study welfare guarantees and complexity in this model with respect to several welfare measures. First, we show that while maximizing the social welfare is NP-hard, computing an assignment of agents to the nodes of any topology graph with approximately half of the maximum welfare can be done in polynomial time. We then consider Pareto optimality, introduce two new optimality notions based on it, and establish mostly tight bounds on the worst-case welfare loss for assignments satisfying these notions as well as the complexity of computing such assignments. In addition, we show that for tree topologies, it is possible to decide whether there exists an assignment that gives every agent a positive utility in polynomial time; moreover, when every node in the topology has degree at least 2, such an assignment always exists and can be found efficiently.

Patterns of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Among Youth Living in Stigmatized Neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Espíndola Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social

This chapter is an ethnographic case study of the social integration trajectories of youth living in two stigmatized and poor neighborhoods in Montevideo. It explains the linkages between residential segregation and social inclusion and exclusion patterns in unequal urban neighborhoods. Most empirical neighborhood research on the effects of residential segregation in contexts of high poverty and extreme stigmatization have focused on its negative effects. However, the real mechanisms and mediations influencing the so-called neighborhood effects of residential segregation are still not well understood. Scholars have yet to isolate specific neighborhood effects and their contribution to processes of social inclusion and exclusion. Focusing on the biographical experiences of youth in marginalized neighborhoods, this ethnography demonstrates the relevance of social mediations that modulate both positive and negative residential segregation effects.

Personality and Metaphor Use: How Extraverted and Introverted Young Adults Experience Becoming Friends

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Nelson ◽  
Avril Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Relationship Formation ◽  
College Age ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Force Impact ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
White College

Competing theories have viewed relationship formation as a gradual process or as an instant development, with little attention to differences in individual perceptions of the same relationship. In the present study, conceptual metaphors concerning relationship formation were identified and coded from interviews with each friend in 59 same–sex, white, college–age, US dyads (57% female). Friends were extreme and either very similar or different from one other with regard to extraversion–introversion. An actor–partner analysis found that friends paired with an extravert used more Force–Impact metaphors that conveyed an explosive ‘friends–at–first–sight’ experience, whereas friends paired with an introvert used more Journey–Organism metaphors that reflected a gradual transition into friendship. Regardless of their partner's personality, extraverts and female friends used more Joint–Proximity metaphors that emphasised the development of intimacy. Results are interpreted using the Social Relations Model and the PERSOC approach to show how personality can serve both as an environment (partner) and as a cognitive schema (actor) to distinctly shape impressions of how a friendship develops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

REDUCING SIMPLE GRAMMARS: EXPONENTIAL AGAINST HIGHLY-POLYNOMIAL TIME IN PRACTICE

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 715-725
Author(s):  
CÉDRIC BASTIEN ◽  
JUREK CZYZOWICZ ◽  
WOJCIECH FRACZAK ◽  
WOJCIECH RYTTER
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Time Complexity ◽  
Packet Classification ◽  
State Machines ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Exponential Time ◽  
Push Down

Simple grammar reduction is an important component in the implementation of Concatenation State Machines (a hardware version of stateless push-down automata designed for wire-speed network packet classification). We present a comparison and experimental analysis of the best-known algorithms for grammar reduction. There are two approaches to this problem: one processing compressed strings without decompression and another one which processes strings explicitly. It turns out that the second approach is more efficient in the considered practical scenario despite having worst-case exponential time complexity (while the first one is polynomial). The study has been conducted in the context of network packet classification, where simple grammars are used for representing the classification policies.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG INDONESIAN AND NORWEGIAN STUDENTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEIN KRISTIANSEN ◽  
NURUL INDARTI
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to identify determinants of entrepreneurial intention among young people. The empirical basis is formed by surveys among Indonesian and Norwegian students. The main objective is to compare the impact of different economic and cultural contexts. Independent variables in the study include demographic factors and individual background, personality traits and attitudes, and contextual elements such as access to capital and information. The individual perceptions of self-efficacy and instrumental readiness are the variables that affect entrepreneurial intention most significantly. Age, gender and educational background have no statistically significant impact. Generally, the level of entrepreneurial intention is higher among Indonesian students. The lower level of entrepreneurial intention among Norwegian students is explained by the social status and economic remuneration of entrepreneurs in comparison with those enjoyed by employees in the Norwegian context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document