The Critical Period of Weed Control in Faba Bean and Chickpea in Mediterranean Areas

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso S. Frenda ◽  
Paolo Ruisi ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Benedetto Frangipane ◽  
Giuseppe Di Miceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Loss Level

Weeds are often the major biological constraint to growing legume crops successfully, and an understanding of the critical period of weed control (CPWC) is important for developing environmentally sustainable weed management practices to prevent unacceptable yield loss. Therefore, we carried out two field experiments to identify the CPWC for two grain legume crops traditionally grown in Mediterranean areas: chickpea and faba bean. The experiments were conducted at two sites both located in the Sicilian inland (Italy). In chickpea, when weeds were left to compete with the crop for the whole cycle, the grain yield reduction was on average about 85% of the weed-free yield, whereas in faba bean the reduction was less severe (on average about 60% of the weed-free yield). The onset of the CPWC at a 5% yield loss level varied by species, occurring later in faba bean than in chickpea (on average, 261 and 428 growing degree days after emergence for chickpea and faba bean, respectively). In both species, the end of the CPWC occurred at the early full-flowering stage when the canopy of each crop enclosed the interrow space. On the whole, the CPWC at a 5% yield loss level ranged from 50 to 69 d in chickpea and from 28 to 33 d in faba bean. The results highlight the fact that faba bean has a higher competitive ability against weeds than chickpea. This could be attributable both to more vigorous early growth and to the plant's greater height, both factors related to a greater shading ability and, consequently, to a better ability to suppress weeds.

The Critical Period for Weed Control in Corn in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dogan Isik ◽  
Husrev Mennan ◽  
Bekir Bukun ◽  
Ahmet Oz ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Loss Level

Field studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in the Black Sea Region of northern Turkey to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in corn and the effects of weed interference on corn height. Treatments of increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period were imposed at weekly intervals from 0 to 12 wk after crop emergence (WAE). The CPWC was determined with the use of 2.5, 5, and 10% acceptable yield loss levels by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data. With 5% yield loss level, the CPWC was 5 wk, starting at 0.2 WAE and ending at 5.2 WAE, which corresponded to the one- to five-leaf stage of corn. The CPWC increased to 8.9 wk, starting at 0 WAE and ending at 8.9 WAE, at the 2.5% yield loss level. At 10% yield loss level, the CPWC decreased to 1.7 wk, starting at 2.1 WAE and ending at 3.8 WAE.

Penentuan Tempoh Kritikal Untuk Mengawal Rumpai dalam Kawasan Penanaman Padi Wangi MRQ 76, Q 88 dan Q 89

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Tet Vun ◽  
Azimah Abd Kadir ◽  
Azmi Man ◽  
Chew See Eng ◽  
Baharudin Abas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Competition Ability ◽  
Loss Level

A study on critical period (CP) for weed control in fragrant rice MRQ 76, Q 88 and Q 89 was conducted in main season 2012/2013 and off season 2013 at MARDI Seberang Perai. The results showed that the CPs (based on 5% acceptable yield loss level (AYL)) for weed control of MRQ 76, Q 88 and Q 89 planted in main season were from 5 to 64, 13 to 68 and 8 to 66 DAS (Days after sowing), respectively. On the other hand, CPs of MRQ 76, Q 88 and Q 89 planted in off season were from 6 to 73, 9 to 81 and 3 to 83 DAS, respectively. If based on 10% AYL, CPs of MRQ76, Q 88 and Q 89 planted in main season were from 19 to 38, 28 to 41 and 14 to 53 DAS, respectively. CPs (based on 10% AYL) of MRQ76, Q 88 and Q 89 planted in off season were from 15 to 55, 19 to 68 and 10 to 66 DAS, respectively. The study clearly demonstrated that CPs of off season were longer than CPs of main season. The dry and hot climate in off season probably caused the slow growth of fragrant rice and eventually affected the competition ability of rice against the weeds. 

scholarly journals Determining the critical period for weed control in high-yielding cotton using common sunflower as a mimic weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Charles ◽  
Brian M. Sindel ◽  
Annette L. Cowie ◽  
Oliver G. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planting Season

AbstractField studies were conducted over six seasons to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in high-yielding cotton, using common sunflower as a mimic weed. Common sunflower was planted with or after cotton emergence at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 plants m−2. Common sunflower was added and removed at approximately 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 growing degree days (GDD) after planting. Season-long interference resulted in no harvestable cotton at densities of five or more common sunflower plants m−2. High levels of intraspecific and interspecific competition occurred at the highest weed densities, with increases in weed biomass and reductions in crop yield not proportional to the changes in weed density. Using a 5% yield-loss threshold, the CPWC extended from 43 to 615 GDD, and 20 to 1,512 GDD for one and 50 common sunflower plants m−2, respectively. These results highlight the high level of weed control required in high-yielding cotton to ensure crop losses do not exceed the cost of control.

Influence of a Rye Cover Crop on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Weed Removal

Cover crops are becoming increasingly common in cotton as a result of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth; hence, a field experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Marianna, AR, with a rye cover crop used to determine its effects on the critical period for weed control in cotton. Throughout most of the growing season, weed biomass in the presence of a rye cover crop was lesser than that in the absence of a rye cover crop. In 2009, in weeks 2 through 7 after planting, weed biomass was reduced at least twofold in the presence of a rye cover compared with the absence of rye. In 2009, in both presence and absence of a rye cover crop, weed removal needed to begin before weed biomass was 150 g m−2, or approximately 4 wk after planting, to prevent yield loss > 5%. Weed density was less in 2010 than in 2009, so weed removal was not required until 7 wk after planting, at which point weed biomass values were 175 and 385 g m−2in the presence and absence of a cover crop, respectively.

scholarly journals The Critical Period for Weed Control (CPWC) in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dogan ISIK ◽  
Adem AKCA ◽  
Emine KAYA ALTOP ◽  
Nihat TURSUN ◽  
Husrev MENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Interference

Accurate assessment of crop-weed control period is an essential part for planning an effective weed management for cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted during the seasonal growing periods of potato in 2012 and 2013 in Kayseri, Turkey to assess critical period for weed control (CPWC) in potato. A four parameter log-logistic model was used to assist in monitoring and analysing two sets of related, relative crop yield. Data was obtained during the periods of increased weed interference and as a comparison, during weed-free periods. In both years, the relative yield of potato decreased with a longer period of weed-interference whereas increased with increasing length of weed free period. In 2012, the CPWC ranged from 112 to 1014 GDD (Growing Degree Days) which corresponded to 8 to 66 days after crop emergence (DAE) and between 135-958 GDD (10 to 63 DAE) in the following year based on a 5% acceptable yield loss. Weed-free conditions needed to be established as early as the first week after crop emergence and maintained as late as ten weeks after crop emergence to avoid more than 5% yield loss in the potato. The results suggest that CPWC could well assist potato producers to significantly reduce the expense of their weed management programs as well as improving its efficacy.

Critical Period of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Removal in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baziramakenga ◽  
Gilles D. Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Loss Level

Field trials were carried out in 1989 and 1990 at St-Augustin, near Québec City, Canada, to determine the critical periods of quackgrass control in potato submitted to three levels of infestation. Potato yield losses due to quackgrass interference increased with quackgrass infestation and length of duration of interference. Quackgrass interference influenced marketable tuber yields more than total tuber yields. Duration of the critical period varied depending on the level of quackgrass infestation and year. Based on an arbitrary 5% level of marketable yield loss, the critical period started at ca. 15 days after emergence (DAE) of potato at low level of infestation, and at ca. 3 DAE at medium level of infestation. At high level of infestation, the critical period began prior to the emergence of potato. The end of the critical period of quackgrass removal was extremely variable across quackgrass infestation level and year and ranged from 23 to 68 DAE of potato at a 5 % yield loss level. It appears that onset of interference varied less than the end of it, indicating that early quackgrass control is necessary to prevent yield loss.

The Critical Period of Bengal Dayflower (Commelina Bengalensis) Control in Peanut

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
J. Timothy Flanders ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Timothy L. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
The Relationship

Bengal dayflower (also known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in peanut in Georgia, United States. Field studies conducted in 2004 and 2005 evaluated the relationship between the duration of Bengal dayflower interference and peanut yield in an effort to optimize the timing of weed control. In 2004, the critical period of weed control (CPWC) necessary to avoid greater than 5% peanut yield loss was between 316 and 607 growing degree days (GDD), which corresponded to an interval between June 8 and July 2. In 2005, the CPWC ranged from 185 to 547 GDD, an interval between May 30 and July 3. Maximum yield loss in 2005 from season-long interference of Bengal dayflower was 51%. In 2004, production of peanut pods was eliminated by interference with Bengal dayflower for the initial 6 wk (495 GDD) of the growing season. Robust Bengal dayflower growth in 2004 shaded the peanut crop, likely intercepting fungicide applications and causing a reduction in peanut yield. Therefore, the competitive effects of Bengal dayflower are likely complicated with the activity of plant pathogens. In spite of higher Bengal dayflower population densities, greater Bengal dayflower growth, and greater peanut yield losses in 2004 than in 2005, the CPWC was a relatively similar 4-wk period that ended during the first week of July, for peanut that was planted in the first week of May.

Imidazolinone Herbicide Effects on Following Rotational Crops in Southern Alberta

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
Rudy Esau
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
One Year

The effect of imazethapyr and imazamethabenz on following crops was tested in southern Alberta, on Dark Brown and Brown Chernozemic soils, to assess the potential restrictions placed on cropping sequences by the use of these herbicides. Imazamethabenz reduced the yield of sugarbeet seeded one year after application. After imazethapyr application there is risk of yield loss with flax, corn, meadow bromegrass, mustard, sunflower, timothy, and wheat seeded one year later; canola seeded up to two years later; and sugarbeet and potato seeded up to three years later. Legume crops and intermediate wheatgrass may be seeded the year after application with little risk of yield loss. The required recropping intervals limit the use of imazethapyr for weed control in pea, alfalfa, or dry bean in cropping sequences that include sugarbeet, canola, or potato.

Cotton Planting Date Affects The Critical Period of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Control

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
J. Timothy Flanders ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Benghal dayflower (formerly known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in Georgia cotton. Field studies were conducted from 2003 to 2005 to evaluate the relationship between the duration of Benghal dayflower interference and cotton yield to establish optimum weed-control timing. To determine the critical period of weed control (CPWC), Benghal dayflower interference with cotton was allowed or prohibited in 2-wk intervals between 0 to 12 wk after crop planting. Maximum yield loss from Benghal dayflower in May-planted cotton was 21 to 30% in 2004 and 2005, whereas cotton planting delayed until June resulted in maximum yield losses of 40 to 60%. June-planted cotton had a CPWC of 190 to 800 growing degree days (GDD) in 2004 (52-d interval beginning at 16 d after planting [DAP]) and 190 to 910 GDD in 2005 (59-d interval beginning at 18 DAP). In contrast, May-planted cotton in 2005 had a narrower CPWC interval of 396 to 587 GDD (18 d) that occurred 3 wk later in the growing season (initiated at 39 DAP). May-planted cotton in 2004 did not have a critical range of weed-free conditions. Instead, a single weed removal at 490 GDD (44 DAP) averted a yield loss greater than 5%. It is recommended that fields infested with Benghal dayflower be planted with cotton early in the growing season to minimize weed interference with the crop.

Determining the critical period for grass control in high-yielding cotton using Japanese millet as a mimic weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Charles ◽  
Brian M. Sindel ◽  
Annette L. Cowie ◽  
Oliver G. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grass Weed

AbstractField studies were conducted over five seasons from 2004 to 2015 to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in high-yielding, irrigated cotton using a competitive mimic grass weed, Japanese millet. Japanese millet was planted with or after cotton emergence at densities of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 plants m−2. Japanese millet was added and removed at approximately 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 degree days of crop growth (GDD). Data were combined over years. Japanese millet competed strongly with cotton, with season-long interference resulting in an 84% reduction in cotton yield with 200 Japanese millet plants m−2. The data were fit to extended Gompertz and logistic curves including weed density as a covariate, allowing a dynamic CPWC to be estimated for densities of 10 to 200 Japanese millet plants m−2. Using a 1% yield-loss threshold, the CPWC commenced at 65 GDD, corresponding to 0 to 7 d after crop emergence (DAE), and ended at 803 GDD, 76 to 98 DAE with 10 Japanese millet plants m−2, and 975 GDD, 90 to 115 DAE with 200 Japanese millet plants m−2. These results highlight the high level of weed control required throughout the cropping season in high-yielding cotton to ensure crop losses do not exceed the cost of weed control.

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