Weed Control and Species Shift in Bromoxynil- and Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Rotation Systems1

Levels of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) that simulated drift (0.2, 0.39, and 0.78 kg/ha) were applied over-the-top to rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Vista’, ‘Starbonnet’, or ‘Labelle’) after flooding at four developmental stages between early tillering and late jointing. The MSMA rates used were equivalent to, or lower than, the 0.78-kg/ha rate that would be applied as an over-the-top application to cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) for early season weed control. Over-the-top applications of MSMA did not affect heading and maturity dates of filled grains regardless of the rate or application timing. Reductions occurred, however, in plant height, number of panicles, and yield. In addition, the percentage of erect panicles showing typical “straighthead” symptoms increased. Rice sensitivity to MSMA depended on MSMA rate and stage of growth with injury being most severe as rice approached the reproductive stages of development. Because aerial applications of MSMA to cotton are normally made before rice reaches the reproductive stage, injury resulting from MSMA drift should be minimal.

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Weed and Disease Responses to Herbicides in Single- and Double-Row Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044350 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 444-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. H. Miller ◽

C. H. Carter ◽

R. H. Garber ◽

J. E. DeVay

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Pythium Ultimum ◽

Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Double Row ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Single Row ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Annual Weeds

For 3 yr, herbicide treatments of preplant trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), postemergence diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], both herbicides, or none were superimposed on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′) grown on beds centered at 102 cm using a single row or two rows spaced 28 cm apart. Cotton stand, after thinning, was 5.1 plants/m in each cotton row. Herbicides controlled annual weeds regardless of planting pattern. Cultivation, without herbicides, controlled annual grass weeds much better in cotton grown in single rows than in double rows. Preplant applications of trifluralin did not influence populations of cotton plants, regardless of row pattern. Single- and double-row plots treated with trifluralin always yielded more than untreated double rows. In two of three seasons, however, single-row plots without herbicides yielded as much as those treated with trifluralin. The lower yields in the double-row cotton were associated with reduced annual grass control especially in plots not treated with trifluralin. Weed control treatments or planting patterns did not influence the occurrence ofPythium ultimumTrow orRhizoctonia solaniKühn on cotton seedlings. The presence ofThielaviopsis basicola(Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlings was not influenced by planting pattern but was increased by trifluralin in the third year of the study. Percentage of cotton plants with symptoms of verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliaeKleb.) was not influenced by weed control treatments, but the percentage of diseased plants was higher in single-row than in double-row planting patterns. We attribute this response to fewer plants per hectare in single rows compared to double rows.

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Response of Cotton and Weeds to Herbicides by Phytobland Oil or Surfactant

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500036651 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 97-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Charles W. Hogue

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Dimethyl Urea

In field studies, surfactant and phytobland oil were compared as additives to herbicides and herbicide combinations for postemergence weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 7A’). Addition of phytobland oil to MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) and MSMA + fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), or norea [3-(hexadydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea] had no significant effect on weed control when applied as directed treatments to weeds in cotton 7 to 15 cm tall. In cotton 15 to 23 cm tall, addition of phytobland oil to MSMA + linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and MSMA + linuron + prometryne [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] increased weed control when compared to the same treatments with surfactant. MSMA + linuron + phytobland oil decreased cotton yields. Addition of phytobland oil to DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) and DSMA combinations had no effect on weed control when compared to the same treatments with surfactant. There were no differences in several paraffinic phytobland oils or surfactant when used as additives to MSMA + fluometuron for weed control in cotton 7 to 15 cm tall.

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Fluridone for Annual Weed Control in Western Irrigated Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069022 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 290-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John H. Miller ◽

Charles H. Carter

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Rate Controlled

For 3 yr, fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone} at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg/ha, was applied with or without 0.6 kg/ha of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) before the preplanting irrigation for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.). Without trifluralin, fluridone at 0.1 kg/ha controlled less than 60% of annual grasses or redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), but the 0.3-kg/ha rate controlled 90%. With trifluralin, fluridone at all rates controlled 98% of these weeds. Fluridone alone controlled 85% or more of black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.). Fluridone did not alter cotton stand or yield. Fluridone residues 8 months after treatment reduced growth of several crops and weeds by 75% or more.

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Influence of Placement of Charcoal on Protection of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)from Diuron

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500049791 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. M. Chandler ◽

O. B. Wooten ◽

F. E. Fulgham

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Optimum Combination ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Degree Of Protection ◽

Crop Injury

The effectiveness of activated charcoal in protecting seedling cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) from diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] at 1.78 and 3.55 kg/ha was investigated under field conditions over a 5-yr period. Charcoal did not provide adequate protection when applied through the seed hopper box or sprayed in the seed furrow over each hill. Charcoal at 83 and 167 kg/ha applied as a spot over each hill of cotton gave adequate protection. Shallow incorporation of the charcoal significantly reduced the degree of protection. The optimum combination, providing maximum weed control and minimum crop injury, was diuron at 3.55 kg/ha applied over non-incorporated charcoal at 83 kg/ha.

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Combined Effect of Trifluralin and MSMA on Johnsongrass Control in Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500077249 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 16-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. Kleifeld

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Sorghum Halepense

Preplanting application of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), reduced the number of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) applications needed for the control of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.). The combined effect enabled weed control to be completed before cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) began to bloom, and hence without causing damage to the crop.

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Weed Management in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Grown in Two Row Spacings

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500068909 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 236-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John H. Miller ◽

Lyle M. Carter ◽

Charles Carter

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Fine Sandy Loam ◽

Loam Soil

Tillage plus trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and prometryn [2,4-bis (isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and tillage plus trifluralin and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] applied as soil-incorporated preplanting treatments were compared with tillage alone in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) grown in 51-cm and 102-cm rows on fine sandy loam soil. Over 3 yr, cotton grown in 51-cm rows yielded 15% more than cotton grown in 102-cm rows. Final cotton emergence was not altered by weed-control treatment or by planting pattern. Weed-control treatments with herbicides provided essentially complete, season-long control of grass and broadleaf weeds. At cotton layby, more weeds were in no-herbicide plots with 51-cm rows compared with 102-cm rows, but at cotton harvest numbers of weeds in both row patterns were essentially equal.

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Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500047858 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 494-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. F. Wiese ◽

E. B. Hudspeth

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Types ◽

Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

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Tolerance of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seedlings to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides with Four Modes of Action

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2007-1108-01-rs ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. A. Kendig ◽

R. L. Nichols ◽

G. A. Ohmes

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Control Programs ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Postemergence Herbicides ◽

Residual Herbicide ◽

Over The Top

The current dominant weed control program in cotton relies heavily on glyphosate. Typical glyphosate-based weed control programs require repeat applications. A residual herbicide might reduce the number of herbicide applications needed, and potentially reduce costs. Residual herbicides that can be used postemergence in cotton are limited in number, and there are few studies evaluating the response of cotton to over-the-top application of herbicides. A greenhouse study evaluated response of cotton to fluometuron, propazine, metolachlor, pyrithiobac, and glyphosate. Most of these herbicides caused minimal crop injury; however, fluometuron and propazine caused significant visual injury when applied over-the-top at the cotyledon and two-leaf stages, but less injury when applied preemergence. Accepted for publication 5 July 2007. Published 8 November 2007.

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Mixtures of CGA 362622 and Bromoxynil for Broadleaf Weed Control in Bromoxynil-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)1

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/0890-037x(2003)017[0496:mocabf]2.0.co;2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 496-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

ROBERT J. RICHARDSON ◽

HENRY P. WILSON ◽

GREGORY R. ARMEL ◽

THOMAS E. HINES

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control

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