Tolerance of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seedlings to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides with Four Modes of Action

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kendig ◽  
R. L. Nichols ◽  
G. A. Ohmes
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Over The Top

The current dominant weed control program in cotton relies heavily on glyphosate. Typical glyphosate-based weed control programs require repeat applications. A residual herbicide might reduce the number of herbicide applications needed, and potentially reduce costs. Residual herbicides that can be used postemergence in cotton are limited in number, and there are few studies evaluating the response of cotton to over-the-top application of herbicides. A greenhouse study evaluated response of cotton to fluometuron, propazine, metolachlor, pyrithiobac, and glyphosate. Most of these herbicides caused minimal crop injury; however, fluometuron and propazine caused significant visual injury when applied over-the-top at the cotyledon and two-leaf stages, but less injury when applied preemergence. Accepted for publication 5 July 2007. Published 8 November 2007.

Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ford ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Allan McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Selection Of

Ford, L., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Nurse, R. E., McFadden, A. and Sikkema, P. H. 2014. Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1231–1237. Glyphosate resistant (GR) Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) is an extremely problematic weed in no-tillage farming operations. A total of five field trials were conducted over a 2-yr (2012 and 2013) period in Ontario to determine the level of GR Canada fleabane control with a two-pass weed control program of a pre plant (PP) residual herbicide followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate dimethylamine (DMA) applied POST. Among residual herbicide treatments evaluated, s-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha−1)+flumetsulam (50 g a.i. ha−1)+clopyralid (135 g a.e. ha−1) provided the most consistent (95–99%) control across all sites 8 wk after application (WAA). S-metolachlor/atrazine (1800 g a.i. ha–1) did not provide effective GR Canada fleabane control (21–86%) 8 WAA. The preplant residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA (1720 g a.e. ha−1) POST provided 97–100% control. Glyphosate (900 g a.e. ha−1) applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provided 80–93% control 8 WAA. The application of 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST following any PP residual herbicide resulted in 97% or greater control of GR Canada fleabane. Results from this research demonstrate that residual herbicides applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provides excellent control of GR Canada fleabane, and also incorporates different modes of action thereby limiting the selection of resistant weeds.

Effects of Simulated MSMA Drift on Rice (Oryza sativa) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Richard ◽  
H. R. Hurst ◽  
R. D. Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Over The Top

Levels of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) that simulated drift (0.2, 0.39, and 0.78 kg/ha) were applied over-the-top to rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Vista’, ‘Starbonnet’, or ‘Labelle’) after flooding at four developmental stages between early tillering and late jointing. The MSMA rates used were equivalent to, or lower than, the 0.78-kg/ha rate that would be applied as an over-the-top application to cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) for early season weed control. Over-the-top applications of MSMA did not affect heading and maturity dates of filled grains regardless of the rate or application timing. Reductions occurred, however, in plant height, number of panicles, and yield. In addition, the percentage of erect panicles showing typical “straighthead” symptoms increased. Rice sensitivity to MSMA depended on MSMA rate and stage of growth with injury being most severe as rice approached the reproductive stages of development. Because aerial applications of MSMA to cotton are normally made before rice reaches the reproductive stage, injury resulting from MSMA drift should be minimal.

Influence of Placement of Charcoal on Protection of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)from Diuron

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chandler ◽  
O. B. Wooten ◽  
F. E. Fulgham
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Crop Injury

The effectiveness of activated charcoal in protecting seedling cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) from diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] at 1.78 and 3.55 kg/ha was investigated under field conditions over a 5-yr period. Charcoal did not provide adequate protection when applied through the seed hopper box or sprayed in the seed furrow over each hill. Charcoal at 83 and 167 kg/ha applied as a spot over each hill of cotton gave adequate protection. Shallow incorporation of the charcoal significantly reduced the degree of protection. The optimum combination, providing maximum weed control and minimum crop injury, was diuron at 3.55 kg/ha applied over non-incorporated charcoal at 83 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Reduced Rates of Soil-Applied Dimethenamid-P and Pendimethalin Mixture Followed by Postemergence Herbicides in Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Robert Idziak ◽  
Zenon Woznica
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field trials were conducted with preemergence dimethanamid-P + pendimethalin (D + P; 850 + 1000 g·ha−1) and reduced rates (637.5 + 750 g·ha−1 and 452 + 500 g·ha−1, 75% and 50% of label rate), followed by strongly reduced rates of postemergence herbicides nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + dicamba (N + R + D; 4 + 15.6 + 93.5 g·ha−1, 50%), tembotrione (T; 33 g·ha−1, 50%), mesotrione + nicosulfuron (M + N; 37.5 + 15 g·ha−1, 50%), foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron (F + J; 7.5 + 0.25 g·ha−1, 20%), and nikosulfuron (N; 15 g·ha−1, 33%) applied with methylated seed oil (MSO; 1.0 L·ha−1) and ammonium nitrate (AMN; 2 kg·ha−1) on 3–5 leaves of maize to assess weed control, grain yield, and economic net return. Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize and similar or higher economic net return, despite 44 to 48% lower herbicide input than the program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture only. It brings not only notable economic benefits but also less negative impact on the environment.

Evaluation of Substituted Dinitrobenzamine Herbicides in Cotton(Gossypium Lirsutum)Plantings

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Miller ◽  
C. H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Crop Planting

Seven substituted dinitrobenzamine herbicides were evaluated at two rates as preplant soil-incorporated treatments for 2 yr. Herbicides were applied broadcast and incorporated 7 cm deep into a sandy loam with a power-driven rototiller before the preplanting irrigation and 3 weeks before crop planting. Cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) stands were reduced by the higher rate of nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], dinitramine(N4,N4-diethyl-a,a,a-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], and AN 56477 [N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-methylaniline]. Cotton yields were reduced by the higher rate of nitralin, dinitramine, and AN 56477. The poorest weed control was obtained with the lower rate of nitralin, AN 56477, and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine]. A bioassay with Japanese millet [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. var.frumentacea(Roxb.) Wight] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] was used to evaluate herbicides remaining in soil sampled 1, 120, and 240 days after application. Residual herbicide phytotoxicity at 240 days indicated dinitramine < trifluralin(a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) = butralin < profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] = AN 56477 < nitralin < fluchloralin. In greenhouse experiments, cotton taproot elongation was retarded by both rates of nitralin, dinitramine, and AN 56477 and by the higher rate of fluchloralin. All herbicides inhibited lateral roots of cotton in the herbicide-treated zone of soil, but butralin and profluralin caused the least inhibition.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Potential Postemergence Herbicides for Jalapeno Peppers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 559B-559a
Author(s):  
David A. Bender ◽  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
Roland E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Light Pressure ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Large weeds, particularly amaranths, are a serious impediment to mechanical harvesting of jalapeno peppers. Several herbicides were applied in 1998 and 1999 postemergence topical (PT) to commercial fields when peppers had four to six leaves, or postdirected (PD) with a shielded sprayer ≈1 month later, and evaluated for crop injury, weed control, and effects on yield. Treatments were applied to four-row plots 9 m long with a CO<subscript>2 backpack sprayer. PT treatments included pyrithiobac sodium at 0.036, 0.053, or 0.071 kg·ha–1 a.i. with nonionic surfactant or crop oil concentrate, metolachlor at 1.68 kg·ha–1 a.i., and oxyfluorfen at 0.14 or 0.28 kg·ha–1 a.i.. PD treatments consisted of the same rates of pyrithiobac sodium with nonionic surfactant only, and the same rates of oxyfluorfen. Pyrithiobac sodium PT caused significant chlorosis (reduction in SPAD chlorophyll) in new foliage and reduction in plant height after 1 week, but plants recovered with no effect on final plant height, chlorophyll, or yield. No significant difference was observed between the two adjuvants. Metolachlor had no measurable effect on pepper growth or yield. Oxyfluorfen PT killed young apical tissue and caused chlorosis of immature leaves. Plants recovered, but plant height was reduced by 14% to 28% and yield by 11% to 43%. PD treatments had no effect on pepper growth or yield. All herbicides provided adequate weed control under light pressure. Pyrithiobac sodium appears to have potential as a postemergence herbicide for control of amaranth in jalapeno peppers.

Weed Control Programs for Minimum-Tillage Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Annual Weeds

Eleven herbicide systems were evaluated from 1981 to 1983 for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 825’) planted no-till directly into cover crops or winter fallow and for cotton planted following conventional tillage. Herbicide systems consisted of paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion) or glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and/or residual herbicides applied prior to crop emergence. Some systems also included early postemergence or postemergence-directed applications. Cover crops were crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatumL.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth.), and rye (Secale cerealeL.). Soil cover in fallow treatments was comprised mainly of cotton stalk residue. Conventional tillage and seedbed preparation included fall moldboard plowing and spring disking/smoothing. Treatments were maintained in the same site each year. Order of cover crop susceptibility to herbicides applied prior to crop emergence was rye>clover>vetch. In 1981, all residual treatments except cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} alone prior to crop emergence provided better than 80% control of annual weeds. In subsequent years only systems that included applications prior to crop emergence and postemergence-directed herbicides provided acceptable control. From 1981 to 1983, annual grasses increased 20- to 100-fold for systems in which control was poor. Weed control was generally superior in conventional tillage. Vetch adversely affected cotton stands in all 3 yr. Also, in 1982, reduced cotton stands resulted from cyanazine treatments applied prior to crop emergence in clover, vetch, and fallow. Cotton yields were affected by cover dessication, annual weed control, and cotton stands. Buildup of annual weeds reduced yields to near zero for some treatments in 1983.

The Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds on Kansas Agriculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
The Impact

Herbicides are important components of weed management programs for most Kansas farmers. Monocropping systems and repeated use of the same or similar herbicides in some areas of the state have resulted in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. The development of herbicide-resistant weed populations can have an immediate and a long-term effect on the cost, implementation, and effectiveness of weed control programs. In Kansas, resistance to triazine herbicides has been confirmed in kochia (Kochia scoparia), redroot pigweed, common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and downy brome (Bromus tectorum) populations, and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides has been confirmed in kochia, Russian thistle (Salsola kali), common waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), and common sunflower (Helianthus annum). The frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance varies among species. Producers who experience herbicide resistance problems adjust their weed control program accordingly. Producers that have not encountered an herbicide resistance problem tend to continue with a successful herbicide program until it fails. The recommended management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations include an integrated system of crop rotation, rotation of herbicide modes of action, tank-mixes of herbicides with different modes of action, and cultivation. The greatest direct cost to the producer occurs during the first year of poor weed control. The first response to an herbicide failure often is to reapply the same herbicide that has worked well previously. By the time the producer realizes that the treatment is not going to work, it usually is too late for any other remedial action. Consequently, the farmer experiences reduced crop production from weed competition, high herbicide costs, and a tremendous increase in the seed bank. The increase in seed bank may cost the farmer the most in the long run because the increased weed pressure often requires an intensified control program for several years.

Comparison of Preemergence and Postemergence Weed Control Systems in Newly Established Pecan

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
Monte L. Nesbitt ◽  
William D. Goff
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Six weed control programs with and without irrigation were investigated in a newly established pecan orchard. Irrigation increased crown diameter growth in only one of seven growing seasons but increased nut yield an average of 35% in the first two bearing years. Weed control program significantly influenced crown diameter beginning in the fourth growing season and continued through season six while also impacting final crown diameter. The use of postemergence (POST) herbicides increased crown diameter a minimum 4 mm vs. preemergence (PRE) herbicides. Mowing neither increased nor decreased crown diameter when used with herbicides; however, when used solely, crown diameter was 29% less. Highest growth rates were obtained with a combination PRE plus POST weed management system. Nut yields were closely linked to growth data. No differences in nut yield were observed between PRE- or POST-herbicide programs alone or in combination with mowing. Mowing alone decreased nut yield 57% vs. herbicide-based approaches. A combination PRE- plus POST-weed control program increased yield 38% vs. all other treatments.

Weed Control and Economics in Nontransgenic and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
Kelly J. Bryant ◽  
Larry D. Earnest
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 near Rohwer, AR, to evaluate weed control with standard herbicide programs in nontransgenic and glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max) compared with glyphosate-based herbicide programs in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Total postemergence (POST) programs containing 0.84 kg ae/ha glyphosate 14 d after emergence (DAE) followed by 0.42 kg/ha at 42 DAE controlled pitted and entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaandI. hederaceavar.integriuscula) 80 to 83%. This control was lower than with any other weed control program in the study. All glyphosate containing herbicide programs controlled barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) at least 94%. Soybean injury was 8% or less for all herbicide treatments except for ‘Hartz 5088 Roundup Ready’ treated with pendimethalin plus chlorimuron and metribuzin preplant incorporated (PPI) followed by glyphosate or acifluorfen plus bentazon 42 DAE. All weed control and soybean injury ratings were similar at 24 d after the 42 DAE application (DAA) when compared with the 10 DAA rating. Two weed control programs with ‘Northrup King S-59-60’ soybean using standard herbicide programs yielded 3,015 and 3,070 kg/ha, and net returns were $92.20/ha and $122.82/ha, respectively. Two production systems containing the Hartz 5088 Roundup Ready cultivar had positive net returns of $35.11/ha and $39.49/ha.

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