Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth and Tuber Production in Response to Increasing Glyphosate Rates and Selected Adjuvants

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Felix ◽  
Joseph T. Dauer ◽  
Andrew G. Hulting ◽  
Carol Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of selected adjuvants on glyphosate efficacy on yellow nutsedge and tuber production. Glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.25, 0.43, 0.87, 1.26 (1× rate), and 1.74 kg ae ha−1at 31 d after yellow nutsedge was planted. Each rate was mixed with one of the following adjuvants: ammonium sulfate (AMS), AMS plus nonionic surfactant (NIS), or AMS plus an experimental adjuvant (W-7995) plus NIS. Plants were evaluated for injury and for the number and size of tubers produced. Dose–response curves based on log-logistic models were used to determine the effective glyphosate rate plus adjuvant that provided both 90% effective dose (ED90) for yellow nutsedge injury and reduced tuber production. Addition of NIS to glyphosate plus AMS resulted in the greatest yellow nutsedge injury at 28 d after treatment (DAT). Addition of the experimental adjuvant plus NIS resulted in injury similar to NIS alone. The ED90for injury at 28 DAT was 2.12 kg ha−1with glyphosate plus AMS and NIS compared with 2.18 kg ha−1for W-7995 plus NIS and 3.06 kg ha−1with AMS alone. The ED90rates with different adjuvants represent 168%, 173%, and 243% of the highest glyphosate rate (1.26 kg ha−1) labeled for application on many glyphosate-resistant crops. However, the estimated ED90to reduce small, medium, large, and total tubers were 1.60, 1.50, 1.63, and 1.66 kg ha−1, respectively. Increases in labeled rates of glyphosate may be required to reduce yellow nutsedge tuber production in field conditions. Use of lower glyphosate rates should be discouraged because it may increase tuber production and exacerbate yellow nutsedge expansion in infested fields.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Seeding Date on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Tuber Production

Major differences in above- ground biomass and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) were not observed when corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) was seeded on different dates (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of May; and 1st week of June). The final seedbed was prepared just prior to each seeding date and this cultivation stimulated dormant tubers to sprout. As a result, a large population of yellow nutsedge emerged with the corn at all seeding dates. Because fertilizer was banded near the corn row, yellow nutsedge biomass, tuber dry weight and number of tubers were higher within corn rows than between rows. Tuber size was affected by seeding date and shifted toward smaller tubers within corn rows and larger tubers between the rows as the corn was sown late. The optimum seeding date of corn was in the 3rd week of May when the highest corn yield was obtained and yellow nutsedge growth was generally reduced.

Concentration-dependent interaction of theophylline with d-tubocurarine

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1970-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fuke ◽  
J. Martyn ◽  
C. S. Kim ◽  
S. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Dependent Interaction

The interaction of theophylline with d-tubocurarine chloride (dTC) was examined in rabbits. After steady-state subtherapeutic (less than 10 mg/l), therapeutic (10–20 mg/l), and toxic (greater than 20 mg/l) concentrations of theophylline, dose-response curves for dTC were determined and compared with controls that received no theophylline. At therapeutic concentrations of theophylline the effective dose for 50% inhibition of twitch (ED50) for dTC (mean +/- SE, 0.115 +/- 0.016 mg/kg) was significantly shifted to the left in comparison with the control (0.165 +/-0.008 mg/kg). The ED50 of dTC for the subtherapeutic group was 0.143 +/- 0.011 mg/kg, which was less than the control but not of statistical significance (P = 0.1). The ED50 for the toxic theophylline group was 0.168 +/- 0.003 mg/kg, which was not significantly different from controls but significantly different from the theophylline therapeutic and subtherapeutic groups. Thus, toxic concentrations of theophylline reversed the potentiating effects of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of dTC dose-response curves. Therefore, depending on concentration, theophylline exhibits a biphasic interaction with dTC. Surgical patients on theophylline may require less dTC intraoperatively. More importantly, the use of theophylline in the postoperative period to reverse anesthetic effects may result in recurarization.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Curves for Alcuronium and Pancuronium Alone and in Combination

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Twitch Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Simultaneous administration of pancuronium and alcuronium was used in surgical patients during nitrous oxide — narcotic — barbiturate anaesthesia in order to determine the intensity of neuromuscular blockade. When compared with the results obtained when each of the drugs was given alone, the effect was not greater than the additive. The mean effective dose of pancuronium to produce 95% paralysis was 76 μg per kg for the mechanical twitch response and 70 μg per kg for the electrical response. The respective mean doses of alcuronium producing that degree of paralysis were 285 and 244 μg per kg. Usually the curve derived for the mechanical twitch response was to the right of, and roughly parallel to, that for the electrical response.

Glyphosate Hinders Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Production

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Jerry W. Davis ◽  
A Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Phase Out

The phase-out of methyl bromide requires alternative nutsedge management options in vegetable systems. Options that target tuber production, the primary means of reproduction, will be most beneficial. A study was conducted to evaluate the response of purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge foliar growth and tuber production to a range of glyphosate rates. Glyphosate was applied at six rates between 0.41 and 2.57 kg ae ha−1to 5-wk-old nutsedge plants with multiple shoots. The rate of glyphosate needed to reduce growth 50% (I50) was similar for purple nutsedge foliar growth (0.58 kg ha−1) and tuber biomass (0.55 kg ha−1). In contrast,I50for yellow nutsedge foliar growth was 0.73 kg ha−1, which was greater than theI50for tuber biomass (0.41 kg ha−1). First-order tubers, those directly attached to the initial tuber, had anI50of 0.70 and 0.44 kg ha−1of glyphosate for purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge tuber biomass, respectively. For all higher-order tubers,I50values ranged from 0.29 to 0.60 and 0.14 to 0.30 kg ha−1of glyphosate for purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge tuber biomass, respectively. Glyphosate at 0.74 kg ha−1prevented fourth-order purple nutsedge and third-order yellow nutsedge tuber production (terminal tubers for yellow nutsedge). Fifth- and sixth-order purple nutsedge tuber production was eliminated by the lowest tested rate of glyphosate (0.41 kg ha−1). Effective nutsedge management options will require consistent control between spring and autumn crops. Glyphosate is economical, poses no herbicide carryover issues to vegetables, and minimizes nutsedge tuber production; therefore, it is a suitable candidate to manage nutsedges.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control, Regrowth, and Tuber Production as Affected by Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production

Nine soil-applied herbicides were evaluated in the field in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and in the greenhouse without crops to determine their effects on the control, regrowth, and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone} and norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone] provided the best (100%) control in the greenhouse. Tubers exposed to herbicide-treated soil in the greenhouse for 4 or 8 weeks produced fewer new tubers when transplanted into nontreated soil than nontreated tubers did. Yellow nutsedge shoot and tuber populations in the field were significantly reduced by all herbicides, except for alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], after 2 yr of treatment in cotton and soybeans.

scholarly journals 029 Synergism of Fumigant Combinations for Nutsedge Control

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 393A-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Hutchinson ◽  
Milt McGiffen ◽  
James Sims ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Soil Fumigants

As of 2005, methyl bromide will no longer be produced or imported for agricultural use in industrialized countries. The uncertain future of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant has stimulated research into the use of other soil fumigants for weed control. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of methyl bromide (MB), methyl iodide (MI), propargyl bromide (PB), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and metham sodium (MS) alone and in combination with chloropicrin (PIC) against Cyperus esculentus L (yellow nutsedge). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. All experiments were repeated. Tubers were imbibed for 24 h and mixed with soil adjusted to 14% moisture (w/w). Soil/tuber samples were fumigated for 48 h with MB, MI, 1,3-D, and PIC at 0.0, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μm of active ingredient. Samples were fumigated with PB and MS at 0.0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, and 50 μm of active ingredient. After fumigation and venting, each soil/tuber sample was wetted and placed in a Petri plate for 5 days. Shoot emergence was recorded. Additionally, to determine synergism response with PIC, 17% PIC was added to each fumigant/rate combination. Fumigation and data collection were performed as described above. Dose-response curves were constructed to determine the effective dose to control 50% of nutsedge emergence (ED50). PB and MS were the most efficacious fumigants with ED50's of 3.7 and 6.5 μm, respectively. EC50 values for all the fumigants were significantly lower than MB except for 1,3-D. All the fumigant-PIC combinations resulted in synergistic control of nutsedge.

scholarly journals In Vitro Safening of Bentazon by Melatonin in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406-1410
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Caputo ◽  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Lambert McCarty ◽  
Jeff Adelberg ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Main Factor

Weed competition is a main factor limiting sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] production. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a problematic weed to control due to its ability to quickly infest a field and generate high numbers of tubes and shoots. Compounding this is the lack of a registered herbicide for selective postemergence control of yellow nutsedge. Research was conducted to evaluate the bentazon dose response of two sweetpotato cultivars and one advanced clone and to evaluate the plant hormone melatonin to determine its ability to safen bentazon post emergence. Bioassays using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with melatonin (0.232 g a.i./L and 0.023 g a.i./L) and bentazon (0.24 g a.i./L) were conducted to evaluate the effect of bentazon on sweetpotato and to determine the interactive response of the Beauregard cultivar to bentazon and exogenous applications of melatonin. Beauregard swas the most tolerant cultivar and required dosages of bentazon that were two-times higher to cause the same injury compared with other cultivars. MS media containing melatonin and bentazon showed fewer injuries and higher plant mass than plants treated with bentazon alone. These results indicate that sweetpotato injury caused by bentazon may be reduced by melatonin.

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