Effect of Brown Patch (Caused by Rhizoctonia solani) Control on Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)1

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON A. FERRELL ◽  
TIM R. MURPHY ◽  
LEON L. BURPEE ◽  
WILLIAM K. VENCILL
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Brown Patch

scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

scholarly journals Screening Tall Fescue for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae Using Digital Image Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Sykes ◽  
Brandon J. Horvath ◽  
David S. McCall ◽  
Antonius B. Baudoin ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease on tall fescue. Compared with R. solani, Rhizoctonia zeae causes indistinguishable symptoms in the field but varies in geographic distribution. This may contribute to geographic variability observed in the resistance response of improved brown patch–resistant cultivars. This study examined R. solani and R. zeae susceptibility of four cultivars, selected based on brown patch performance in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), and nine plant introductions (PIs). Twenty genotypes per PI/cultivar were evaluated by using four clonal replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions with two repetitions per pathogen. Disease severity was assessed digitally in APS Assess, and analysis of variance and correlations were performed in SAS 9.3. Mean disease severity was higher for R. solani (65%) than for R. zeae (49%) (P = 0.0137). Interaction effects with pathogen were not significant for PI (P = 0.0562) but were for genotype (P < 0.001). Moderately to highly resistant NTEP cultivars compared with remaining PIs exhibited lower susceptibility to R. zeae (P < 0.0001) but did not differ in susceptibility to R. solani (P = 0.7458). Correlations between R. solani and R. zeae disease severity were not significant for either PI (R = 0.06, P = 0.8436) or genotype (R = 0.11, P = 0.09). Breeding for resistance to both pathogens could contribute to a more geographically stable resistance response. Genotypes were identified with improved resistance to R. solani (40), R. zeae (122), and both pathogens (26).

Responses of 2 epiphytic yeasts to foliar infection by Rhizoctonia solani or mechanical wounding on the phylloplane of tall fescue

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Nix ◽  
Leon L. Burpee ◽  
James W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Phylloplane Yeasts

A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to determine how foliar disease or wounding affects the ability of 2 phylloplane yeasts ( Rhodotorula glutinis and Cryptococcus laurentii ) to colonize leaves of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ). Yeasts were applied separately and together onto healthy leaves, leaves infected with Rhizoctonia solani (diseased), and mechanically bruised (wounded) leaves. In all 3 trials, the leaf disturbance treatment significantly affected the abundance of yeast on the phylloplane of tall fescue. Yeast abundance on the diseased or wounded leaves was significantly greater than on the nontreated, healthy leaves. In 2 of the 3 trials, the yeast species applied also had a significant affect on yeast abundance. Typically, R. glutinis was significantly more abundant than C. laurentii when applied individually, but not significantly greater than the total yeast colony-forming units of the co-inoculated treatment. When the 2 yeasts were co-inoculated onto the leaves, R. glutinis comprised 89.7%, 75.4%, and 67.6% of the recovered yeast colony-forming units on healthy, diseased, and wounded leaves, respectfully. Our data suggest that these 2 species of yeasts will differentially colonize compromised leaf tissue with disease or wounds favoring populations of R. glutinis over C. laurentii.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chitinase Activity in Tall Fescue Cultivars Inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Humidity Chamber

Tall fescue has great utility as a low maintenance turfgrass in the northern and transition zone regions of the United States. A factor limiting tall fescue utility is its susceptibility to the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the causal agent of foliar brown patch. Chitinase activity has been positively correlated with resistance to R. solani in other plant species. A chitinase assay was developed for tall fescue. Three tall fescue cultivars with differing agronomic qualities and brown patch susceptibility as well as a resistant hybrid bluegrass cultivar were inoculated with R. solani in a greenhouse humidity chamber. Chitinase activity 48 hours after inoculation was negatively correlated with percent brown patch severity 10 days after inoculation. ‘Jaguar’ tall fescue was the most tolerant to R. solani and exhibited the highest chitinase activity before and after inoculation. No significant increase in chitinase activity was observed in the other tall fescue cultivars following R. solani inoculation. Identifying tall fescue cultivars expressing high amounts of chitinase activity could be important for developing brown patch-tolerant tall fescue cultivars.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Turf-type Tall Fescue Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Watkins ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Patch Disease

Recently, turfgrass breeders have developed many improved turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. Due to the large number of cultivars currently available to turfgrass managers and researchers, we have classified turf-type tall fescue cultivars into six groups based primarily on several morphological measurements. This type of classification is important for turfgrass breeders because many breeding decisions are made based on observations in a spaced-plant nursery. The major objective of this study was to classify tall fescue cultivars and selections based on spaced-plant measurements and to then compare those results with turf performance. A spaced-plant nursery consisting of 36 cultivars and selections was established in September 1998 at Adelphia, N.J. Plant height, panicle length, flag leaf width and length, subtending leaf width and length, and subtending internode length were measured 10 days after anthesis in 1999 and 2000. Additionally, a turf trial was established at North Brunswick, N.J., that included the same 36 cultivars and selections. The turf plots were evaluated for several traits including overall turfgrass quality, density, and susceptibility to brown patch disease. Based on principal component analysis of morphological measurements, along with turf trial data, all cultivars and selections were assigned to one of six groups: forage, early-standard, standard, early semi-dwarf, semi-dwarf, and dwarf. In turf plots, the semi-dwarf, early-semi dwarf, and dwarf groups were the top-performing types in terms of overall turfgrass quality, and the forage and early-standard cultivars had the lowest overall quality ratings. The dwarf types did not perform well under summer stress, especially in terms of brown patch disease incidence. The results of this study suggest that when developing cultivars for higher maintenance situations, turf-type tall fescue breeders should focus on the development of semi-dwarf cultivars.

scholarly journals Development of Brown Patch and Pythium Blight in Tall Fescue as Affected by Irrigation Frequency, Clipping Removal, and Fungicide Application

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Settle ◽  
J. D. Fry ◽  
N. A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Fungicide Application

We studied the effects of irrigation frequency, clipping removal, and fungicide application on the development of Rhizoctonia brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) and Pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum) in tall fescue. Brown patch severity was not significantly different between plots irrigated daily and those irrigated on alternate days. Similarly, no differences in brown patch were observed in plots where grass clippings were returned to the sward with a mulching mower compared with plots where clippings were removed. Preventive applications of azox-ystrobin at 35-day intervals or postinfection applications of chlorothalonil reduced brown patch severity, but only the azoxystrobin treatment provided aesthetically acceptable (<10%) levels of brown patch control. However, azoxystrobin applications also increased Pythium blight compared with untreated or chlorothalonil-treated tall fescue, especially in plots that received daily irrigation.

scholarly journals Impact of Hybrid Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Seeding Combinations on Brown Patch Severity and Weed Encroachment

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath ◽  
Adam D. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Count Ratio ◽  
Patch Disease ◽  
The Impact

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and hybrid bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. × Poa arachnifera) can both be successfully grown in the transition zone of the United States. However, each grass has limitations. Tall fescue is susceptible to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, whereas slow establishment and susceptibility to weed infestations limit hybrid bluegrass. Previous studies have shown the benefits of combining kentucky bluegrass with tall fescue in seeding mixtures. Research was conducted to evaluate the impact of two seeding combinations of hybrid bluegrass and tall fescue (one combination seeded at a 1.9:1 seed count ratio favoring tall fescue, the other combination seeded at a 1:1.8 seed count ratio favoring hybrid bluegrass) as well as monocultures of the species on turfgrass cover, weed species infestation, brown patch disease severity caused by R. solani, sod strength and species ecology. The seeding combinations had lower weed density during establishment and greater turf cover than the monoculture of hybrid bluegrass. The monoculture of tall fescue was subjected to more brown patch disease than the seeding combinations during and after the first year of establishment. Brown patch infestations likely reduced tall fescue cover and led to a species shift favoring hybrid bluegrass in the seeding combinations based on tiller count and weight data. Seeding combinations of tall fescue and hybrid bluegrass are beneficial from an epidemiological perspective because they reduce disease and weed infestations compared with monocultures of either species. From an agronomic perspective, the seeding combination favoring tall fescue provided the densest turf, whereas the seeding combination favoring hybrid had the greatest sod strength. Chemical name used: clopyralid (3,6 dichloropyridine-2 carboxylic acid)

Effect of Mowing Height and Fertility on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Encroachment and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Fertilization Level

Tall fescue is a commonly used turfgrass in the temperate and transition zone areas of the United States. During hot, humid summers, tall fescue is under stress and is susceptible toRhizoctonia solani(brown patch) infection, causing turf thinning, leading to encroachment from weeds, such as bermudagrass. Field trials were established to evaluate the effect of mowing height and fertility programs on disease severity and bermudagrass encroachment in tall fescue. Mowing at 10 cm resulted in less bermudagrass encroachment than did a 6-cm mowing height. Increasing the nitrogen fertilization level from 49 to 171 and 220 kg N ha−1generally led to more bermudagrass encroachment at the 6-cm, but not the 10-cm, mowing height. Plots receiving 220 kg N ha−1annually at the 6-cm mowing height had the most brown patch. Turfgrass cover was greatest in plots mowed at 10 cm and receiving 220 kg N ha−1annually.

scholarly journals Broad-sense Heritability and Stability Analysis of Brown Patch Resistance in Tall Fescue

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Bokmeyer ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Brown Patch

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is a devastating disease of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Developing genetic resistance is a viable long-term control strategy; however, the genetic mechanism of brown patch resistance in tall fescue is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the broad-sense heritability and stability analysis of brown patch resistance in tall fescue. To complete these objectives, 230 tall fescue genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six clonal replications at two locations and evaluated for brown patch resistance over 2 years. Two isolates of R. solani were used to inoculate both field trials at a rate of 0.8 g·m−2 of prepared inoculum. The lack of complete resistance and the observation of a continuous distribution of phenotypes suggest that brown patch resistance is quantitatively inherited. The broad-sense heritability estimates (0.25 on a single plant basis and 0.74 on 12-plant clonal mean basis) indicate that resistance is influenced by the genotype and also illustrate the importance of replication in selecting for brown patch resistance in tall fescue. Stability analysis resulted in the identification of tall fescue genotypes that were stable over multiple environments for brown patch resistance.

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