Broad-sense Heritability and Stability Analysis of Brown Patch Resistance in Tall Fescue

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is a devastating disease of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Developing genetic resistance is a viable long-term control strategy; however, the genetic mechanism of brown patch resistance in tall fescue is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the broad-sense heritability and stability analysis of brown patch resistance in tall fescue. To complete these objectives, 230 tall fescue genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six clonal replications at two locations and evaluated for brown patch resistance over 2 years. Two isolates of R. solani were used to inoculate both field trials at a rate of 0.8 g·m−2 of prepared inoculum. The lack of complete resistance and the observation of a continuous distribution of phenotypes suggest that brown patch resistance is quantitatively inherited. The broad-sense heritability estimates (0.25 on a single plant basis and 0.74 on 12-plant clonal mean basis) indicate that resistance is influenced by the genotype and also illustrate the importance of replication in selecting for brown patch resistance in tall fescue. Stability analysis resulted in the identification of tall fescue genotypes that were stable over multiple environments for brown patch resistance.

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Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898.30.4.195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Matthew Cutulle ◽

Jeffrey Derr ◽

Adam Nichols ◽

David McCall ◽

Brandon Horvath

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Field Research ◽

Field Trials ◽

Control Field ◽

Brown Patch ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

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Genetic resistance of Eucalyptus globulus to autumn gum moth defoliation and the role of cuticular waxes

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-118 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 1961-1969 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

T H Jones ◽

B M Potts ◽

R E Vaillancourt ◽

N W Davies

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Field Trial ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Cuticular Wax ◽

Wax Esters ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

Cuticular Waxes

This study investigated the association between resistance of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. to autumn gum moth (Mnesempala privata Guenée) defoliation and cuticular wax compounds. In a field trial consisting of clonally replicated F2 families of E. globulus, situated in Tasmania, Australia, significant genetic variation in resistance was detected in two of three F2 families. The broad-sense heritability for defoliation within families ranged from 0.24 to 0.33. The 15 most resistant and the 15 most susceptible genotypes within each variable family were compared for their relative levels of 26 cuticular wax compounds. While no significant correlation between resistance and total wax yield estimates was found, significant differences were detected between resistant and susceptible classes in the relative quantities of several aliphatic phenylethyl and benzyl wax esters within both families. This association does not appear to be a response induced by defoliation. The broad-sense heritabilities of the variation in these compounds were high (0.820.94). Our findings suggest that these wax compounds are a mechanism of genetic resistance to autumn gum moth in E. globulus.

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Control of brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) by host induced gene silencing

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/s00299-015-1921-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 791-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Binbin Zhou ◽

Ana Bailey ◽

C. L. Niblett ◽

Rongda Qu

Keyword(s):

Gene Silencing ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Brown Patch

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Performance, heterosis and heritability in selected tropical maize single, double and three-way cross hybrids

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859601001757 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. B. SALEH ◽

D. ABDULLAH ◽

A. R. ANUAR

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

Tropical Maize ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Parental Inbred ◽

Ear Number

A series of tropical maize hybrids, involving 10 single, four double and four three-way crosses were evaluated with their parental inbred lines and three control varieties, at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The objectives were to identify hybrids superior for yield, yield components and other agronomic traits, to estimate heterosis revealed by the hybrids, and to estimate broad-sense heritability for important characters in the populations. The hybrids were found to vary highly for grain yield and most other traits measured. High estimates of heterosis were shown by grain yield, ear weight and grain weight per ear, moderate for plant and ear heights, shelling percentage, ear diameter, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per ear row and 100-grain weight. The hybrids flowered and matured earlier than their respective inbred parents. Estimates of broad-sense heritability also varied with characters. Moderate heritability was shown for grain yield indicating a substantial amount of genetic variation in this population of hybrids. Low and negligible heritability for days to silking and 100-grain weight indicate that these traits were very much influenced by environmental factors. Based on the overall performance of the hybrids, the single cross, SC-2, the double cross, DC-11 and the three-way cross, TWC-15, were found to have high potential. No obvious differences were observed in performance among the three categories of hybrids, the single, double and three-way crosses.

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Segregation pattern and inbreeding depression in F2 generation of some hybrid okra varieties

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25627 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 316-335

Author(s):

Sonia Akter Laboni ◽

SM Ahsan ◽

Shepon Chandra Ghosh ◽

Eftekhar Mahmud ◽

Mostafizur Rahman Talukder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Segregation Pattern ◽

Research Station ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

Agriculture Research Institute ◽

F2 Generation

An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the experimental field of Regional Horticulture Research Station (RHRS), Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), Lebukhali, Patuakhali during April, 2014 to October, 2014 for assessing the inbreeding depression, genetic parameters, gene action and segregation pattern of Okra [Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench]. The experiment was comprised of five commercial hybrid Okra genotypes such as Tara sonali, Bimala, Juboraj, Suvo 1and Noor, their respective F2 progenies along with a check variety named as BARI Dherosh 1. Results of the experiment indicated that there were considerable variability among the F1 and their F2. The yield were in-between 14.81 to 7.92 Kg plot-1in case of F1 generation, which deteriorate to 10.32 to 5.32 Kg plot-1 in F2 generation. Broad sense heritability computed through variance component method showed that all the quantitative traits were moderate to highly heritable. The trait yield per plot exhibited 68.83% broad sense heritability coupled with 50.96% genetic advance suggesting the existence of sufficient amount of genetic variability for improvement of this trait and also indicates that the trait is more amenable to selection and could be improved easily. In case of segregation pattern, plant height and pod pubescence content exhibit as polygenic trait. Leaf shape, fruit base shape and branching pattern showed complete dominance and fruit color displayed incomplete dominance. The present investigation thus provide information about the nature and magnitude of genetic variation, segregation pattern and inbreeding depression for yield and its components in okra so as to formulate suitable breeding strategy and isolate potential parents and promising crosses for further breeding program.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 316-335

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Keragaman genetik, fenotip dan heritabilitas beberapa genotip sorghum pada kondisi tumpangsari dan monokultur

Jurnal Agro ◽

10.15575/4568 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 95-109

Author(s):

Kukuh Setiawan ◽

Rafika Restiningtias ◽

Setyo Dwi Utomo ◽

Ardian Ardian ◽

M S Hadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selection Criteria ◽

Block Design ◽

High Volume ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

High Heritability ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Brix Value

Selain sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan, sorgum berpotensi menghasilkan nira untuk bioethanol. Beragamnya potensi hasil nira, mendorong perlunya evaluasi keragaan berbagai genotip sorgum untuk digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi produksi nira, membandingkan keragaman genetik dan fenotip pada beberapa genotip sorgum, serta menghitung heritabilitas arti luas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Sukanegara, Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan dari April 2017 sampai Februari 2018. Rancangan perlakuan disusun secara strip plot dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan yang digunakan sebagai kelompok. Kondisi tumpangsari dan monokultur yang digunakan sebagai pembanding disusun secara strip plot. Sebanyak 15 genotip digunakan, yaitu GH 3, GH 4, GH 5, GH 6, GH 7, GH 13, Super 1, Super 2, Samurai 1, UPCA, Numbu, Mandau, Talaga Bodas, P/IWHP, dan P/F 5-193-C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotip Talaga Bodas mempunyai kandungan nira yang cukup tinggi baik pada kondisi tumpangsari maupun monokultur yang masing-masing sebesar 144,0 ml dan 166,0 ml. Sementara genotip Super 1 menunjukkan kandungan nira paling tinggi pada kondisi tumpangsari (163,0 ml) dan genotip GH13 menghasilkan volume nira paling tinggi pada sistem monokultur (183,0 ml). Nilai heritabilitas arti luas pada tinggi tanaman, nilai brix, kandungan nira, dan jumlah ruas pada sistem tanam tumpangsari dan monokultur termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi (0,6-0,9). Nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi pada karakter tersebut menunjukkan bahwa faktor genetik lebih berpengaruh sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi.ABSTRACT In addition to foodstuffs and feed, sorghum potentially produces “nira” for bioethanol. The varying potency of the nira results, prompting the need to evaluate the performance of various sorghum genotypes for use as selection criteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate nira production, to compare genetics and phenotype variances of sorghum genotypes, also to calculate broad sense heritability of some sorghum genotypes. This study was conducted at Desa Sukanegara, Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan from April 2017 to February 2018. The experiment was designed by stripe plot in completely randomized block design with three replications used as block. The conditions of monoculture and intercropping used as comparison were arranged in stripe plot. As many as 15 genotypes used in this study i.e. GH 3, GH 4, GH 5, GH 6, GH 7, GH 13, Super 1, Super 2, Samurai 1, UPCA, Numbu, Mandau, Talaga Bodas, P/IWHP, and P/F 5-193-C. The result showed that Talaga Bodas genotype had high volume of nira content under monoculture and intercropping conditions as 144.0 ml and 166.0 ml, respectively. However, Super 1 genotype had high nira content (163.0 ml) under intercropping condition and GH13 genotype had high nira content under monoculture (183.0 ml). Broad sense heritability of plant height, brix value, nira content, and internode number in both intercropping and monoculture conditions was high (0.60 – 0.90). These high heritability values mean that these characters are influenced by genetics factor and could be used as selection criteria.

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Growth Responses of Hybrid Bluegrass and Tall Fescue as Influenced by Light Intensity and Trinexapac-ethyl

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.8.1241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 1241-1247 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meghyn Meeks ◽

Ambika Chandra ◽

Ben G. Wherley

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Block Design ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Late Spring ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Turfgrass Quality

Interspecific hybrids between texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) are known to exhibit good heat tolerance, which has aided in their adaptation to the warmer climates of the southern United States, but their tolerance to shade has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the growth responses of interspecific bluegrass hybrids (P. arachnifera × P. pratensis) in comparison with kentucky bluegrasses and a shade-tolerant cultivar of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) under full sunlight and shaded environments, 2) identify optimum times to evaluate shade tolerance using the selected growth measurements, 3) calculate the minimum daily light requirements to retain acceptable turfgrass quality, and 4) determine if trinexapac-ethyl (TE) applications enhance hybrid bluegrass quality under shade. Two 10-week greenhouse experiments (late spring and early fall) were conducted in Dallas, TX. Within each of three light environments a randomized complete block design was used to accommodate three replications of eight genotypes treated with and without TE (0 or 0.228 kg·ha−1 a.i.). Turfgrass quality, leaf elongation rates, clipping dry weights, and percent green cover were measured. Meaningful comparisons were best during the late spring when daily light integrals (DLI) were optimum for healthy plant growth. Shade-tolerant hybrid bluegrasses (DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654) were identified using turfgrass quality and leaf elongation rates. These genotypes exhibited above-acceptable turfgrass quality in all environments, and a reduced leaf elongation rate similar to the tested dwarf-type tall fescue. DLI requirements of DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654 were ≤4 to achieve acceptable quality. TE applications generally did not improve turfgrass quality of genotypes, although leaf elongation rates were significantly reduced in all environments.

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Karakter Agronomi Galur Padi Dihaploid Asal Kultur Antera Hasil Persilangan Three Way Cross

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v46i1.16187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Mohammad Syafii ◽

Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽

Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽

Dan Willy Bayuardi Suwarno

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Block Design ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

High Genetic Variability ◽

Doubled Haploid Lines ◽

Agronomic Character

Anther culture is useful tool in rice breeding. The technique shortens the time to obtain full homozygous plant in just one generation. Information related to genetic variability among the regenerants is important for further analysis including selection activities. The objective of this study was to analyze agronomic character variability and yield potential among doubled-haploid lines (DH0) derived from anther culture. This study was carried out in Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB Biogen) from October 2016 to February 2017. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Forty eight doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture and three check varieties were evaluated. The results showed high genetic variability as well as broad sense heritability (more than 90%) for all variables tested. Several lines showed superior agronomic characters compared to check (Ciherang, Inpari 18, Inpago 10). Anther culture could generate high genetic variability for further selection. Keywords: anther culture, broad sense heritability, haploid technology

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13 MOTILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMATOZOA FROM BULLS GRAZING TALL FESCUE PASTURES

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv26n1ab13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

J. P. Harris ◽

J. L. Edwards ◽

L. A. Rispoli ◽

N. R. Rorhbach ◽

T. M. Prado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Sperm Analysis ◽

Scrotal Circumference ◽

Cold Room

Fertilisation is less than expected with spermatozoa from bulls consuming toxic endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue. The objective of this study was to evaluate motility characteristics of spermatozoa from bulls grazing tall fescue pastures using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Semen was collected from six Angus bulls (average age = 15.1 ± 0.04 months) during a three-month grazing study. Bulls grazed Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum, an ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte (n = 3), or Jesup tall fescue with Max-Q™ (NTE), a non-ergot alkaloid producing endophyte (n = 3), and grouped by body weight and scrotal circumference to graze pastures from April 18 to June 26. Semen was collected once per week between 0600–0800 h beginning in mid-May and ending the last week of June. Gross motility and morphology was evaluated before extending with Bioxcell® animal protein-free formula (IMV, Aigle, France) and antibiotics (CSS 100, 2% of total volume). Extended semen was then evaluated using CASA to determine final dilution and packaged into straws (20 million sperm/straw), where equilibration occurred over 3 h in a cold room at 4°C. Straws were frozen for 7 min in static vapor of liquid nitrogen and plunged into goblets filled with liquid nitrogen. Semen was thawed and assessed using CASA at 0 and 3 h post-thaw. Data were analysed as a randomised block design with the fixed effects of treatment, blocking on semen collection date, utilising the mixed models procedure of SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk W ≥ 0.90), and treatment differences were determined using F-protected least significant differences. Path velocity (P = 0.001) and progressive velocity (P = 0.003) were lower in spermatozoa from bulls grazing E+ during the last 2 weeks of collection in June independent of time of assessment post-thaw. Sperm head area decreased in size in spermatozoa from E+ grazing bulls at 3 h post-thaw (P = 0.04) compared with NTE grazing bulls. Percent of rapid (progressive % with path velocity >50 μm s–1) and medium (progressive % with path velocity <50 μm s–1 but > 30μm s–1) velocity spermatozoa was decreased for E+ grazing bulls compared to NTE grazing bulls (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively) and was accompanied by an increase in static (immobile) spermatozoa from E+ bulls (P < 0.0001). These findings indicate that spermatozoa movement and velocity are impaired in bulls grazing E+ tall fescue pastures compared to bulls grazing NTE tall fescue pastures after the freeze and thaw process, which may explain decreased fertilisation and cleavage rates of oocytes co-incubated with these spermatozoa.

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