scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

Effect of Brown Patch (Caused by Rhizoctonia solani) Control on Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)1

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON A. FERRELL ◽  
TIM R. MURPHY ◽  
LEON L. BURPEE ◽  
WILLIAM K. VENCILL
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Brown Patch

Effect of Mowing Height and Fertility on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Encroachment and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Fertilization Level

Tall fescue is a commonly used turfgrass in the temperate and transition zone areas of the United States. During hot, humid summers, tall fescue is under stress and is susceptible toRhizoctonia solani(brown patch) infection, causing turf thinning, leading to encroachment from weeds, such as bermudagrass. Field trials were established to evaluate the effect of mowing height and fertility programs on disease severity and bermudagrass encroachment in tall fescue. Mowing at 10 cm resulted in less bermudagrass encroachment than did a 6-cm mowing height. Increasing the nitrogen fertilization level from 49 to 171 and 220 kg N ha−1generally led to more bermudagrass encroachment at the 6-cm, but not the 10-cm, mowing height. Plots receiving 220 kg N ha−1annually at the 6-cm mowing height had the most brown patch. Turfgrass cover was greatest in plots mowed at 10 cm and receiving 220 kg N ha−1annually.

scholarly journals Broad-sense Heritability and Stability Analysis of Brown Patch Resistance in Tall Fescue

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Bokmeyer ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Brown Patch

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is a devastating disease of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Developing genetic resistance is a viable long-term control strategy; however, the genetic mechanism of brown patch resistance in tall fescue is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the broad-sense heritability and stability analysis of brown patch resistance in tall fescue. To complete these objectives, 230 tall fescue genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six clonal replications at two locations and evaluated for brown patch resistance over 2 years. Two isolates of R. solani were used to inoculate both field trials at a rate of 0.8 g·m−2 of prepared inoculum. The lack of complete resistance and the observation of a continuous distribution of phenotypes suggest that brown patch resistance is quantitatively inherited. The broad-sense heritability estimates (0.25 on a single plant basis and 0.74 on 12-plant clonal mean basis) indicate that resistance is influenced by the genotype and also illustrate the importance of replication in selecting for brown patch resistance in tall fescue. Stability analysis resulted in the identification of tall fescue genotypes that were stable over multiple environments for brown patch resistance.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

scholarly journals Differential Large Crabgrass Control with Herbicides in Tall Fescue and Common Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Pendimethalin and oxadiazon are used commonly to control crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. A field experiment was conducted for 2 years to determine if reduced pendimethalin and oxadiazon application rates would control large crabgrass [D. sanguinalis (L.) Sco.] effectively in tall fescue and common bermudagrass. Oxadiazon applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications at a 60-day interval (less than recommended rate) effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥93%), regardless of turfgrass species. Pendimethalin applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications controlled large crabgrass in common bermudagrass effectively (≥90%) but not large crabgrass in tall fescue (47%). The difference in pendimethalin performance between the two species was attributed to the ability of common bermudagrass to compete more successfully than tall fescue with large crabgrass during late summer. Chemical names used: 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethy1)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3 H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Siduron Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Emergence, Growth, and High Temperature Injury

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shearman ◽  
E. J. Kinbacher ◽  
K. A. Reierson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Percent Germination

Spring establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’) is preferred over fall for turfs in Nebraska. Siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] is commonly used for weed control in spring-seeded tall fescue. Siduron application rates of 6.8, 13.6, 27.2, and 40.8 kg/ha were compared with an untreated control in this study. All siduron applications reduced stand development. The 6.8 kg/ha rate nearly doubled the number of days for seedling emergence. Abnormal seedlings increased with increasing application rates and percent germination decreased with increasing rates. Tiller number declined at rates of 13.6 kg/ha and above. Plants treated with 6.8 kg/ha were 1.3 cm shorter than those growing in the untreated control. Plant and root dry matter production decreased with increasing application rates. Root weight was reduced more than plant weight. Degree of wilting and drought injury increased at 13.6 kg/ha. Water use declined with increased siduron application rates. The amount of water lost before wilting occurred also declined as siduron application rates increased. High temperature injury on seedlings was reduced with increasing rates of siduron. Reduction in high temperature injury was significantly correlated (r = 0.98) to reduced plant tissue moisture.

Tolerance of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass to Chlorsulfuron Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Maloy ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Severe Growth

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Parade’, ‘Adelphi’, ‘Glade’, and ‘Rugby’ # POAPR) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’ # FESAR) were treated in field experiments with chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}. The objectives of the two experiments were to determine if this herbicide has the potential to be used for selective control of tall fescue in Kentucky bluegrass turf. Chlorsulfuron treatments included single rates of 0, 18, 35, 71, 141, 212, and 282 g ai/ha and split rates, applied 14 days apart, of 18 + 18, 35 + 35, 71 + 71, 141 + 141, and 212 + 212 g/ha. Clipping weights and turfgrass quality ratings were taken in both experiments. Kentucky bluegrass showed a higher tolerance to the chemical, with no decrease in turf quality at the highest single and split application rates in both experiments. However, as the chlorsulfuron rate increased, clipping weight decreased. Tall fescue showed a low tolerance to the chemical and was controlled at single rates of 141 g/ha and split rates of 141 + 141 g/ha and greater. Although the tall fescue recovered from damage at single rates of 71 g/ha and split rates of 71 + 71 g/ha, severe growth inhibition and discoloration of aboveground tissue occurred at the lower rates. Twelve months after the first chlorsulfuron was applied in each experiment, glyphosate [isopropylamine salt ofN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was sprayed over the plots to kill all existing plant material, and Kentucky bluegrass was seeded into the plots 2 weeks later at the rate of 0.75 kg/100 m2. There was no inhibition of bluegrass seed germination at any of the rates of chlorsulfuron.

scholarly journals First-year Response of Turf-type Tall Fescue Cultivars to Different Fertilization Rates and Mowing Heights in Semiarid Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Ray ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni ◽  
Dawn M. VanLeeuwen ◽  
Ryan M. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Desert Climate ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) has desirable attributes as a cool-season turfgrass for the semiarid southwestern United States and the transition zone, but effects of cultural practices on newer cultivars within a desert climate are not adequately known. A field study was conducted between Sept. 1996 and Nov. 1997 to evaluate establishment of 15 turf-type tall fescue cultivars under two mowing heights (2 or 3 inches) and two different annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application rates (N at 13.2 or 26.4 g·m−2, P at 0.9 or 1.8 g·m−2, and K at 11.0 or 22.0 g·m−2). The cultivars included ‘Amigo’, ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘Chieftain’, ‘Cochise’, ‘Confederate’, ‘Coronado’, ‘Crossfire II’, ‘Falcon’, ‘Guardian’, ‘Kentucky 31’, ‘Leprechaun’, ‘Shortstop’, and ‘Virtue’. The fertilizer rate had no effect on turfgrass quality ratings throughout the establishment period, although overall quality was higher in Fall 1997 than during Spring and Summer 1997. The mowing height of 2 inches increased summer quality ratings of 11 of the 15 cultivars as compared with ratings under the 3-inch mowing height. The 2-inch mowing height improved fall quality ratings of seven of the 15 cultivars. No cultivars responded positively to the 3-inch mowing height. Consistently high summer through fall quality ratings were observed when ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, and ‘Crossfire II’ were mowed at the 2-inch height as compared with the other cultivar × mowing height treatment combinations. For turf-type tall fescue establishment in semiarid climates, findings support use of a 2-inch mowing height combined with the selective planting of ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, and ‘Crossfire II’ over other cultivar × mowing height combinations tested in the study.

scholarly journals Screening Tall Fescue for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae Using Digital Image Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Sykes ◽  
Brandon J. Horvath ◽  
David S. McCall ◽  
Antonius B. Baudoin ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease on tall fescue. Compared with R. solani, Rhizoctonia zeae causes indistinguishable symptoms in the field but varies in geographic distribution. This may contribute to geographic variability observed in the resistance response of improved brown patch–resistant cultivars. This study examined R. solani and R. zeae susceptibility of four cultivars, selected based on brown patch performance in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), and nine plant introductions (PIs). Twenty genotypes per PI/cultivar were evaluated by using four clonal replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions with two repetitions per pathogen. Disease severity was assessed digitally in APS Assess, and analysis of variance and correlations were performed in SAS 9.3. Mean disease severity was higher for R. solani (65%) than for R. zeae (49%) (P = 0.0137). Interaction effects with pathogen were not significant for PI (P = 0.0562) but were for genotype (P < 0.001). Moderately to highly resistant NTEP cultivars compared with remaining PIs exhibited lower susceptibility to R. zeae (P < 0.0001) but did not differ in susceptibility to R. solani (P = 0.7458). Correlations between R. solani and R. zeae disease severity were not significant for either PI (R = 0.06, P = 0.8436) or genotype (R = 0.11, P = 0.09). Breeding for resistance to both pathogens could contribute to a more geographically stable resistance response. Genotypes were identified with improved resistance to R. solani (40), R. zeae (122), and both pathogens (26).

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