scholarly journals Screening Tall Fescue for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae Using Digital Image Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Sykes ◽  
Brandon J. Horvath ◽  
David S. McCall ◽  
Antonius B. Baudoin ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease on tall fescue. Compared with R. solani, Rhizoctonia zeae causes indistinguishable symptoms in the field but varies in geographic distribution. This may contribute to geographic variability observed in the resistance response of improved brown patch–resistant cultivars. This study examined R. solani and R. zeae susceptibility of four cultivars, selected based on brown patch performance in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), and nine plant introductions (PIs). Twenty genotypes per PI/cultivar were evaluated by using four clonal replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions with two repetitions per pathogen. Disease severity was assessed digitally in APS Assess, and analysis of variance and correlations were performed in SAS 9.3. Mean disease severity was higher for R. solani (65%) than for R. zeae (49%) (P = 0.0137). Interaction effects with pathogen were not significant for PI (P = 0.0562) but were for genotype (P < 0.001). Moderately to highly resistant NTEP cultivars compared with remaining PIs exhibited lower susceptibility to R. zeae (P < 0.0001) but did not differ in susceptibility to R. solani (P = 0.7458). Correlations between R. solani and R. zeae disease severity were not significant for either PI (R = 0.06, P = 0.8436) or genotype (R = 0.11, P = 0.09). Breeding for resistance to both pathogens could contribute to a more geographically stable resistance response. Genotypes were identified with improved resistance to R. solani (40), R. zeae (122), and both pathogens (26).

scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

PSXI-19 Impact of toxic-infected tall fescue renovation strategies on second-year hay yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Talbott ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) (TF) pastures to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is a solution to mitigate the negative associated effects of toxic fescue in beef cattle. However, beef cattle producers are uncertain of the payback period for costs associated with renovation techniques in terms of farm profitability and agronomic performance. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Each treatment plot (0.81 ha) was evaluated for botanical composition and hay was harvested in May and August of 2020. Round bales from each treatment were weighed to determine yield and core sampled to determine nutritive value. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Combined forage yield was greater (P = 0.0226) for 3-CM (8,816 kg/ha) compared to 3-SM (7,191 kg/ha) and C (6,920 kg/ha), but did not differ from 1-SM (7,775 kg/ha). Crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.035) for C (10.2%) in comparison to 3-SM (9.35%) in harvest 1, but was not different (P = 0.93) in harvest 2. Percentage of fescue in the sward was greatest (P = 0.0002) for 3-SM and least for C (84.9 and 62%, respectively). Similarly, presence of undesirable plants was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for C (37.5%) than 1-SM, 3-CM and 3-SM (23.7, 15.2 and 12.7%, respectively). Percentage of bare ground did not differ among treatments (P = 0.31). Data suggest agronomic performance for 3-CM and 3-SM was improved compared to C in years following pasture renovation.

scholarly journals Weed Management Methods Influence Growth of `Navaho' Blackberries

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844E-844
Author(s):  
Julia Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Over Time

In Sept.1993, `Navaho' blackberries were planted in raised beds in a converted bermudagrass hay meadow. Tall fescue was planted between the beds. There are three plants per plot and nine replications with 1.3 m between plants, 3 m between plots, and 5 m between rows. Each row is one replication. The plots are 3 m wide and 3.9 m long. Weed management treatments were applied in a randomized complete-block design, and included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cover crop, rye (Secale cereale) cover crop, herbicide (simazine and oryzalin) and hoeing, mowing volunteer vegetation, and hardwood sawdust mulch 8 to 10 cm deep. In Spring 1994 and 1995, data were taken on weed populations in each of the plots. In early 1995, the blackberry plants were measured. Data taken included cane number, cane length, and cane diameter. Early results indicate that the best blackberry plant growth occurred when rows were maintained with no mulch or vegetation by application of herbicides and hoeing. However, these plots sustained significant soil erosion, which may result in decreased plant productivity over time.

scholarly journals Resistance response of fifteen sweet potato genotypes to scab disease (Sphaceloma batatas) in two growing sites in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSEP SERAN MAU
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Study Results

Mau YS. 2018. Resistance response of fifteen sweet potato genotypes to scab disease (Sphaceloma batatas) in two growing sites in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 2: 5-11. Field experiments were carried out in two growing locations involving potential sweet potato clones from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia to: (i) evaluate scab resistance levels of the sweet potato clones, and (ii) identify sweet potato clones with good resistance level to scab disease. The experiment was carried out in the fields employing a Randomized Block Design with a mono-factorial treatment design in each location. The treatment assigned was sweet potato genotype, each consisted of two replicates. The variables observed were disease severity that was assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after inoculation (WAI), which then was used to calculate the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) of the disease severity. The ANOVA of AUDPC was used to determine the treatment effect, and the disease severity at 8 WAI was used to assess scab resistance level of the sweet potato genotypes tested. The study results showed highly significant differences of disease severities among the tested sweet potato genotypes within each trial location. The majority of the genotypes tested were classified "resistant" or "moderately resistant" to scab disease, except the check clone SLM-01 and KRA-01 that were, respectively, "susceptible" and "moderately susceptible" to scab disease. The majority of sweet potato genotypes evaluated were consistent in their resistance performance in the two trial locations.

Fosfitos de potasio en el manejo de Peronospora sparsa Berkeley y calidad floral del cultivo de rosa cv. Samouraï ®

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rómulo García-Velasco ◽  
Martha Elena Mora-Herrera ◽  
Jaime Mejía-Carranza ◽  
Sotero Aguilar-Medel ◽  
Mauricio González-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Absolute Control

Peronospora sparsa Berkeley limits the production of rose as a cut flower up to 100%. In some crops, potassium phosphites are used as a sustainable alternative for the control of oomycetes. The objectives were to evaluate the biological effectivity of commercial formulations of potassium phosphite for the management of P. sparsa, and to calculate their effect on the quality of rosa cv. Samouraï® stems and flower buds. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and an absolute control with six repetitions were used for two consecutive years. The following aspects were evaluated: incidence, disease severity, biological effectiveness, and floral quality through the length and diameter of flower stems and buds. The potassium phosphites evaluated reduced incidence to 81.7% and severity from 71.7 to 97.0%, which led to a biological effectiveness of 96.9% with FosfiMax 40-20®. The Defense Ax ® treatment increased the length and diameter of the button compared to the other treatments.

Effect of Brown Patch (Caused by Rhizoctonia solani) Control on Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)1

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON A. FERRELL ◽  
TIM R. MURPHY ◽  
LEON L. BURPEE ◽  
WILLIAM K. VENCILL
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Brown Patch

scholarly journals Peran Waktu Inokulasi Meloidogyne dalam Meningkatkan Infeksi Patogen Busuk Pangkal pada Bawang Putih

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Budi Handayani ◽  
Hadi Wiyono ◽  
Subagya Subagya
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inoculation Time ◽  
Important Disease

<p>Basal rot was an important disease in garlic caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae </em>(FOCe) and a major obstacle in garlic cultivation. Root knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em>) is endoparasitic nematodes causing plants become more susceptible to fungal pathogen infection. This research aimed to study the effect of double inoculation FOCe and Meloidogyne, and current inoculation against disease severity of basal root. The research was conducted through experimental procedures and prepared based on a randomized complete block design, with two factors consisting of three levels inoculation time. The first factor was FOCe and the second factor was Meloidogyne. The results showed that Meloidogyne presence could increase the disease severity of basal rot of garlic. Garlic was inoculated at 35 days after planting (dap) by Meloidogyne and FOCe cause the most severe disease of basal rot.</p>

scholarly journals Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di Rumah Kaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yadi Suryadi ◽  
Sri A. Rais
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Character ◽  
Wilt Symptom ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Peptone Medium

<p>The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance response of groundnut genotypes against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the green house of Biochemistry Department, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Ralstonia solanacearum isolate was obtained from groundnut plant showing wilt symptom, collected from Karadenan village (Cibinong). Preparation of bacterial RS inoculum was done using SP (sucrose peptone) medium. Groundnut plants were inoculated by RS isolate using inoculum capacity of 107 cfu/ml. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted of seven treatments with four replications, whilst Tupai and Kelinci genotypes were used as resistant and susceptible control check, respectively. The result indicated that groundnut genotypes i.e. ICGV 88262, Local Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, and ICG 3400, showed resistant response against bacterial wilt causing wilt damage of &lt;20%. Bacterial wilt disease could affect reductions of some groundnut phenotypic character. The plant height of resistant groundnut showed relatively tall than that of Kelinci. In addition, it showed the lowest healthy pod yield among the genotypes tested.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketahanan genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di rumah kaca Kelompok Peneliti Biokimia BB-Biogen. Isolat R. solanacearum diperoleh dari tanaman kacang tanah yang menunjukkan gejala layu dari Desa Karadenan (Cibinong). Penyiapan dan penyediaan inokulum bakteri R. solanacearum menggunakan media SP (sukrose pepton). Tanaman kacang tanah diinokulasi dengan isolat R. solanacearum dengan kerapatan koloni 107 cfu/ml. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Untuk pembanding tahan dan rentan masing-masing digunakan genotipe Tupai dan Kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe ICGV 88262, lokal Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, dan ICG 3400 tahan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dengan nilai kerusakan &lt;20%. Penyakit layu bakteri berpengaruh terhadap penurunan beberapa karakter fenotipik kacang tanah, di mana tanaman genotipe kacang tanah tahan PLB relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotipe Kelinci. Polong bernas Kelinci paling sedikit di antara semua genotipe uji.</p>

scholarly journals Varietal performance of Broad leaf Mustard during winter season in plain region of eastern Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-312
Author(s):  
Krishna Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plain Region ◽  
Broad Leaf

The experiment was conducted in agriculture farm of Girija Prasad Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre Gothagaun, Morang to know the morphological and yield attributing character, disease severity and organoleptic test of Broad leaf Mustard. Four Variety of broad leaf mustard namely Khumal Chaudapat, Marpha Chaudapat, Manakamana and Mustard 101 with five replication was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) from October, 2020 to January, 2021. The length of leaf was superior in Kumal chaudapat (29.01 cm) as compare to other variety. The yield performance of Khumal chaudapat was better (27.10mtha-1) followed by Marpha Chaudapat (24.50mtha-1) and Manakamana (23.90mtha-1). Lowest disease severity was recorded in Mustard 101 (26.7%), and highest disease severity in Marpha Chaudapat (37.85%).  Overall, organoleptic test was good in Marpha Chaudapat.

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