scholarly journals Evaluation of Head Injury Criteria for Injury Prediction Effectiveness: Computational Reconstruction of Real-World Vulnerable Road User Impact Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
Hongzhen Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Real World ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Road User ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

This study evaluates the effectiveness of various widely used head injury criteria (HICs) in predicting vulnerable road user (VRU) head injuries due to road traffic accidents. Thirty-one real-world car-to-VRU impact accident cases with detailed head injury records were collected and replicated through the computational biomechanics method; head injuries observed in the analyzed accidents were reconstructed by using a finite element (FE)-multibody (MB) coupled pedestrian model [including the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) head–neck FE model and the remaining body segments of TNO MB pedestrian model], which was developed and validated in our previous study. Various typical HICs were used to predict head injuries in all accident cases. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis method was adopted to investigate the correlation between head kinematics-based injury criteria and the actual head injury of VRU; the effectiveness of brain deformation-based injury criteria in predicting typical brain injuries [such as diffuse axonal injury diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and contusion] was assessed by using head injury risk curves reported in the literature. Results showed that for head kinematics-based injury criteria, the most widely used HICs and head impact power (HIP) can accurately and effectively predict head injury, whereas for brain deformation-based injury criteria, the maximum principal strain (MPS) behaves better than cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM0.15 and CSDM0.25) in predicting the possibility of DAI. In comparison with the dilatation damage measure (DDM), MPS seems to better predict the risk of brain contusion.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON RISK PREDICTION OF PEDESTRIAN HEAD INJURY BY REAL-WORLD ACCIDENTS

Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Honggeng Li ◽  
Fuhao Mo ◽  
Sen Xiao ◽  
Zhi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Real World ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents

Head injury is the most common and fatal injury in car-pedestrian accidents. Due to the lack of human test data, real-world accident data is useful for the research on the mechanism and tolerance of head injuries. The objective of the present work is to investigate pedestrian head-brain injuries through real car-pedestrian accidents and evaluate the existed injury criteria. Seven car-to-pedestrian accidents in China were selected from the IVAC (Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha) database. Accident reconstructions using multi-body models were conducted to determine the kinematic parameters associated with the injury and were used to measure head injury criteria. Kinematic parameters were input into a finite element model to run simulations on the head-brain and car interface to determine levels of brain tissue stress, strain, and brain tissue injury criteria. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the probability of head injury risk associated with AIS3+ injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale). The results showed that head injury criteria using kinematic parameters can effectively predict injury risk of a pedestrians’ head skull. Regarding brain injuries, physical parameters like coup/countercoup pressure are more effective predictors. The results of this study can be used as the background knowledge for pedestrian friendly car design.

Child head injury criteria investigation through numerical simulation of real world trauma

2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Roth ◽  
Jonathan Vappou ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Raul ◽  
Rémy Willinger
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Real World ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of the Motorcycle Helmet Material against Impact Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-995
Author(s):  
Arnav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: A motorcycle helmet is the best protective headgear for the prevention of head injuries due to direct cranial impact. A finite element model based on realistic geometric features of a motorcycle helmet is established, and explicit finite element code is employed to simulate dynamic responses at different impact velocities. Peak acceleration and Head injury criterion values derived from the head form are used to assess the protective performance of the helmet. We have concluded that the dynamic responses of the helmet dramatically vary with impact velocity, as well as the mechanical properties of the outer shell and energy- absorbing liner. At low velocities e.g. 8.3 m/s, the shell stiffness and liner density should be relatively low to diminish head- contact force. At high velocity e.g. 11m/s, a stiffer shell and denser liner offer superior protection against head injuries. Different tests were performed in ansys explicit dynamics solver by taking different materials and calculating PLA, Head Injury Criteria, K.E, P.E, contact energy etc. The results obtained for different materials were then compared with easy other to draw the necessary conclusion’s. Keywords: Peak Linear Acceleration (PLA), Head Injury Criteria.

Crash Kinematics and Injury Criteria Validation for a Deformable Hybrid Vehicle Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Kausalyah Venkatason ◽  
Kassim A. Abdullah ◽  
Shasthri Sivaguru ◽  
Moumen M. Idres ◽  
Qasim H. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Pedestrians are vulnerable road users who are at high risks in a road traffic collision with motor vehicles. A large number are getting killed in traffic accidents each year, the majority of them being children and senior citizens. During impact with an automobile, pedestrians suffer multiple impacts with the bumper, hood and windscreen. Fatality is seen mostly due to the head injuries obtained by the pedestrians. Thus this paper aims to introduce the development and validation of a simplified hybrid vehicle front end profile for the mitigation of head injury. The vehicle model is represented by a multi body windscreen and finite element cowl, hood and bumper. A two step validation procedure is performed, firstly the crash kinematics validation to determine the overall kinematics and fall pattern of the pedestrian during impact. Secondly, the hybrid vehicle model is tested against the pedestrian injury criteria values for pertinent body parts namely the neck, sternum, lumbar, femur and tibia. The hybrid vehicle model is made to impact an adult human dummy model obtained from TNO (TASS Netherlands). The injury criterias are reprensented through the Head Injury Criteria (HIC), neck compression force, sternum and tibia accelerations and lumbar and femur bending moments. The simulation results were compared to the experimental values and a good correlation was achieved.

scholarly journals The Head AIS 4+ Injury Thresholds for the Elderly Vulnerable Road User Based on Detailed Accident Reconstructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Wu ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
Di Pan ◽  
Bingyu Wang ◽  
Hongwu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Road User ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Cumulative Strain ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Compared with the young, the elderly (age greater than or equal to 60 years old) vulnerable road users (VRUs) face a greater risk of injury or death in a traffic accident. A contributing vulnerability is the aging processes that affect their brain structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury mechanisms and establish head AIS 4+ injury tolerances for the elderly VRUs based on various head injury criteria. A total of 30 elderly VRUs accidents with detailed injury records and video information were selected and the VRUs’ kinematics and head injuries were reconstructed by combining a multi-body system model (PC-Crash and MADYMO) and the THUMS (Ver. 4.0.2) FE models. Four head kinematic-based injury predictors (linear acceleration, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and head injury criteria) and three brain tissue injury criteria (coup pressure, maximum principal strain, and cumulative strain damage measure) were studied. The correlation between injury predictors and injury risk was developed using logistical regression models for each criterion. The results show that the calculated thresholds for head injury for the kinematic criteria were lower than those reported in previous literature studies. For the brain tissue level criteria, the thresholds calculated in this study were generally similar to those of previous studies except for the coup pressure. The models had higher (>0.8) area under curve values for receiver operator characteristics, indicating good predictive power. This study could provide additional support for understanding brain injury thresholds in elderly people.

scholarly journals Diffuse axonal injury in non-missile head injury.

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Adams ◽  
D I Graham ◽  
T A Gennarelli ◽  
W L Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1666
Author(s):  
Aakash R
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

Graded model of diffuse axonal injury for studying head injury-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Maruichi ◽  
Satoshi Kuroda ◽  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Masaaki Hokari ◽  
Hideo Shichinohe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury
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