Time Course of Pulmonary Response of Rats to Inhalation of Crystalline Silica: Histological Results and Biochemical Indices of Damage, Lipidosis, and Fibrosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W. Porter ◽  
Dawn Ramsey ◽  
Ann F. Hubbs ◽  
Lori Battelli ◽  
Jane Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Histological Results

TIME COURSE OF PULMONARY RESPONSE OF RATS TO INHALATION OF CRYSTALLINE SILICA: NF-kappa B ACTIVATION, INFLAMMATION, CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, AND DAMAGE

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W. Porter ◽  
Jianping Ye ◽  
Jane Ma ◽  
Mark Barger ◽  
Victor A. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Pulmonary Response

Late pulmonary responses induced by Ascaris allergen in conscious squirrel monkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 2081-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hamel ◽  
C. S. McFarlane ◽  
A. W. Ford-Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Pulmonary Response

This study presents an antigen-dependent model of biphasic pulmonary changes to Ascaris suum in conscious squirrel monkeys. Animals with strong positive skin reactivity towards A. suum were trained to sit quietly in chairs and to breathe through face masks. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pulmonary resistance (RL) were measured in these conscious animals before and for a period of 11 h after administration of an aerosol of Ascaris or ragweed antigen. The aerosol of Ascaris antigen induced reproducible increases (42%) in RL (P less than 0.001) and decreases (17%) in Cdyn (P less than 0.01) that peaked respectively 5 and 35 min after antigen challenge and lasted 60–90 min. After recovery, a second bronchoconstriction began between 2 and 8 h and peaked between 4 and 10 h after antigen challenge. Decreases in Cdyn (41%) were significantly greater (P less than 0.003) whereas mean increases in RL (44%) were similar during the late phase as compared with the first phase. The mean Cdyn decreases lasted a minimum of 2 h, whereas RL increases lasted less than 60 min. The time course of the responses varied from animal to animal but changes in individual animals were reproducible over a period of 6 mo. No significant correlation was observed between the cutaneous and the pulmonary responses to Ascaris and the late response was not reversed by aerosol administration of salbutamol (1.0 mg/ml). As a negative control animals were exposed to an aerosol of ragweed extract after which no immediate or late pulmonary response were observed. The results suggest that this primate model may be useful to study the pathophysiology of asthma in humans.

Effect of inhaled crystalline silica in a rat model: Time course of pulmonary reactions

2002 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Castranova ◽  
Dale Porter ◽  
Lyndell Millecchia ◽  
Jane Y. C. Ma ◽  
Ann F. Hubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Crystalline Silica

Effects of Combinations of Sodium Salicylate and Noise on the Auditory Threshold

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Woodford ◽  
D. Henderson ◽  
R. P. Hamernik
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Noise Band ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Combination Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Histological Results

Thirty-nine monaural chinchillas were used to study the interaction between sodium salicylate and various TTS-producing noise paradigms. Five animals were included in each of the following three groups: 1) sodium salicylate (400 mg/kg) plus 2–4 kHz, 95 dB SPL noise band for one hour; 2) sodium salicylate (400 me/kg) plus 4 kHz CF octave band noise at 80 dB SPL for 96 hours; and 3) sodium salicylate (400 mg/kg) plus 50 impulses having 50 μsec A-duration and 158 dB peak SPL, presented at one per minute. The remaining 24 animals served as various controls in groups exposed to sodium salicylate or the noise paradigm alone. Thresholds were estimated before, during, and after exposure using the AER technique and cochleagrams were mapped for each cochlea 30 days after exposure. When sodium salicylate was combined with the various noise conditions, the maximum TTS values obtained from the combination studies were comparable to those obtained from the single agent producing the greatest TTS at a particular frequency. No consistent alteration in either magnitude or time course of posttreatment threshold shift was found following the combination treatments as compared to the individual agents alone. Hazard to the auditory system resulting from a combination of sodium salicylate and noise was concluded to be no greater than the hazard presented by either agent alone. This result is also substantiated in the histological results.

scholarly journals Time course changes in selected biochemical indices of broilers in response to pretransport handling

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2144-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Voslarova ◽  
P. Chloupek ◽  
P. Vosmerova ◽  
J. Chloupek ◽  
I. Bedanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
Biochemical Indices

scholarly journals Time-course Analysis of Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Fine Crystalline Silica Particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Kobayashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsubokura ◽  
Yutaka Oshima ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Kenji Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Lung Burden

Abstract Background: Crystalline silica is an important cause of serious pulmonary diseases. The relationship between this hazard and various physicochemical parameters of crystalline silica has been studied for more than a century, and the toxic potential of silica is known to be associated with its surface properties. However, no in vivo dataset has yet been accumulated to clarify the relevance of this, especially regarding longer term effects. To provide new insights into these longer term effects, we performed single intratracheal instillation testing of five different crystalline silicas and assessed the time-course changes in pulmonary inflammation, lung burden, and thoracic lymph node loads. The tested silicas were prepared from two commercial products [Min-U-Sil5 (MS5, US Silica Company) and SIO07PB (SPB, Kojundo Chemical)] by using three different pretreatment steps: centrifugation (C), grinding (G), and surface dissolving (D). The five types of silica particles—MS5, MS5_C, SPB_C, SPB_G, and SPB_D—were suspended in purified water and intratracheally instilled into male F344 rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage, lung burden analysis, and histopathological examination were performed 3, 28, and 91 days after instillation.Results: MS5 and MS5_C provoked similar biphasic inflammation that differed in severity: MS5 induced granuloma generation 91 days after instillation, whereas the smaller particles of MS5_C elicited only macrophage aggregation. SPB_C induced severe and persistent inflammation, whereas SPB_G and SPB_D induced only slight and transient acute inflammation. All of the silicas were dose-dependently retained in the lung. Silicas that induced prolonged responses were translocated to the thoracic lymph nodes as early as 28 days after instillation. Those that induced transient inflammation were removed effectively from the lung with very little lymph node retention. No quantitative association was identified between lung retention and physicochemical properties, although common features of the retained materials seemed to be reduced solubility, similar surface properties, and relatively small particle. Conclusion: Our key findings suggest that prolonged silica toxicity occurs through lymph node retention. Although the main drivers of translocation to the lymph nodes have not yet been clarified, we provide in vivo evidence of the contributions of at least silica solubility, surface properties, and particle size.

Time-course changes in growth and biochemical indices of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hammad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Fahad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Acute pulmonary response to intravenous histamine using forced oscillations through alveolar capsules in dogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2140-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mishima ◽  
Z. Balassy ◽  
J. H. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Lung Compartment ◽  
Lung Resistance ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Times

We measured the time course of alveolar input impedance using two alveolar capsule oscillators after intravenous bolus administration of 20 mg of histamine in open-chest dogs. Impedances (24–200 Hz) were obtained every 2 s after an injection for 100 s. Each impedance was fit with a model consisting of a pathway (with resistance and inertance) leading from the alveolar capsule into a subpleural region (with elastance EA) that, in turn, was connected to the lung compartment (consisting of the remainder of the lung and positive end expiratory pressure system) via another pathway (with resistance RA). In all cases (6 dogs, 2 capsules each), the resistance and inertance leading from the alveolar capsules were negligible. The correlation of the relative increases in RA obtained from the two capsule oscillators in each dog was not significant. The correlation for EA also was not significant. The times at which RA achieved values of 20% greater than baseline were not significantly correlated between the two capsules, as was the case for EA. However, the baseline values of EA and RA from a given capsule were significantly correlated, as were their fractional increases with histamine. These results show that both the magnitude and timing of changes in local lung resistance and elastance are spatially extremely heterogeneous.

Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary response progression in crystalline silica exposed rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendran Sellamuthu ◽  
Christina Umbright ◽  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Shih-Houng Young ◽  
Diana Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Pulmonary Response
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