Cellular Assessment Of Crop Lymphoid Tissue From Specific-Pathogen-Free White Leghorn Chickens After Salmonella Enteritidis Challenge

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e29-e30
Author(s):  
Lara E. Vaughn ◽  
Peter S. Holt ◽  
Richard K. Gast
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Specific Pathogen

scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotics on the Colonization of Live Attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccine in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangang Hu ◽  
Chuanyan Che ◽  
Jiakun Zuo ◽  
Xiangpeng Niu ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Live Vaccine Strain ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Effective Use

Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, is a prevalent zoonosis that has serious consequences for human health and the development of the poultry sector. The Salmonella Enteritis live vaccine (Sm24/Rif12/Ssq strain) is used to prevent Salmonella Enteritidis around the world. However, in some parts of the world, poultry flocks are frequently raised under intensive conditions, with significant amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and treat disease and to promote growth. To investigate whether antibiotic use influences the colonization of orally administered Salmonella live vaccines, 240 1-day-old specific pathogen-free chicks were randomly divided into 24 groups of 10 animals for this study. The different groups were treated with different antibiotics, which included ceftiofur, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and lincomycin–spectinomycin. Each group was immunized 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after withdrawal, respectively. At 5 days after immunization, the blood, liver, and ceca with contents were collected for the isolation of the Salmonella live vaccine strain. The result showed that no Salmonella vaccine strain was isolated in the blood and liver of the chicks in those groups. The highest number of Salmonella vaccine strains was isolated in the cecum from chicks vaccinated 2 days after ceftiofur withdrawal, and no Salmonella vaccine strain was isolated from the cecum in chicks immunized 3 days after ceftiofur withdrawal. Among the chickens immunized 4 days after the withdrawal of amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and lincomycin–spectinomycin, the number of Salmonella vaccine colonization in the cecum was the highest, which was higher than that of the chickens immunized at other withdrawal interval (2, 3, and 5 days) groups and was higher than that of the chickens without treatment (P < 0.05). This study provides a reference for the effective use of the Salmonella Enteritidis live vaccine and key antibiotics commonly utilized in the poultry industry.

Interactions ofPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus: establishing a model

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1777-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA SILVEIRA ◽  
SANDRA Y. G. MARIN ◽  
PATRICIA A. MOREIRA ◽  
BÁRBARA B. TOCANTINS ◽  
GUSTAVO LACORTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Chicken Anaemia Virus ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Specific Pathogen

SUMMARYThe pathogensPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus (CAV) are easily transmitted and potentially harmful to chickens. In this study, we established an experimental model to investigate the effects of avian malaria caused byP. juxtanuclearein white leghorn specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks previously immunosuppressed with CAV. Parasitaemia, haematological variables and clinical and pathological parameters were determined in four different experimental groups: chicks coinfected by CAV andP. juxtanuclearestrain (Coinfected group), chicks exclusively infected by CAV (CAV group) orP. juxtanucleare(Malaria group) and uninfected chicks (Control group). Our data demonstrated thatP. juxtanucleareparasitaemia was significantly higher in the Coinfected group. Furthermore, haematological parameters, including the RBC, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were significantly reduced in coinfected chicks. In agreement with the changes observed in haematological features, the mortality among coinfected chicks was higher compared with animals with single infections. Clinical analysis indicated moderate changes related to different organs size (bursa of Fabricius, heart and liver) in coinfected birds. The experimental coinfection of SPF chickens withP. juxtanucleareand CAV may represent a research tool for the study of avian malaria after CAV immunosuppression, enabling measurement of the impacts caused by different pathogens during malarial infection.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Viability and Phenotypic Characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis Inoculated into Specific-Pathogen-Free Eggs

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2031-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH C. P. RODRIGUES ◽  
MAURO C. L. SOUZA ◽  
SANDRO S. TOLEDO ◽  
CELSO G. BARBOSA ◽  
ELIANE M. F. REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
60Co Radiation

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of gamma irradiation on the phenotypic characteristics of 20 strains of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated separately into specific-pathogen-free shell eggs. Bacterial strains were inoculated into egg yolks and exposed to 60Co radiation at doses of 0.49 to 5.0 kGy. The eggs were maintained at 25°C and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella on days 1, 2, 4, and 7, and the recovered Salmonella isolates were characterized biochemically. All strains were resistant to doses of 0.49, 0.54, 0.59, 0.8, and 1 kGy; colony counts were ≥105 CFU/ml of egg yolk except for one strain, which was detected at 96 h and at 7 days after irradiation at 1 kGy, with a population reduction of 2 log CFU/ml. For the other evaluated doses, 12 strains (60.0%) were resistant at 1.5 kGy and 7 strains (35.0%) were resistant at 3.0 kGy. Among all analyzed strains, 5.0 kGy was more effective for reducing and/or eliminating the inoculated bacteria; only two (10%) strains were resistant to this level of irradiation. Salmonella colony counts were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) with increasing doses from the day 1 to 7 of observation, when microbial growth peaked. Loss of mobility, lactose fermentation, citrate utilization, and hydrogen sulfide production occurred in some strains after irradiation independent of dose and postirradiation storage time. Increases in antibiotic susceptibility also occurred: seven strains became sensitive to β-lactams, two strains became sensitive to antifolates, and one strain each became sensitive to fluoroquinolone, phenicol, nitrofurans, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. The results indicate that up to 5.0 kGy of radiation applied to shell eggs inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis at 4 log CFU per egg is not sufficient for complete elimination of this pathogen from this food matrix.

scholarly journals Comparison of the first Iranian native Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale vaccine with conventional vaccine: A challenge study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
N. Ghasemipour ◽  
H. Goudarzi ◽  
M. Banani ◽  
K. Asasi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conventional Vaccine ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

Background and Aim: The best strategy to prevent or control an Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection is vaccination. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the first Iranian inactivated ORT vaccine (Razi, Iran), which had been prepared from a native strain, with the Nobilis ORT Inac (Intervet, The Netherlands) through a challenge trial. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens were used in this study. The birds were divided randomly into four groups. Following the vaccination and challenge of the birds, the efficacy of the Razi and the Intervet ORT vaccines was evaluated by serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods. Results: The antibody titer in vaccinated groups was determined to be significantly higher than unvaccinated birds. In addition, the difference in postmortem lesion scores between the vaccinated and unvaccinated birds was significant. The differences in the means of the antibody titers and postmortem lesion scores in birds that were vaccinated by the Razi and Intervet ORT vaccines were not significant. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian native ORT vaccine was comparable to the Intervet vaccine. The Razi ORT vaccine has effectively decreased the duration of the ORT infection and can effectively protect the chickens against an ORT infection.

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