Lichen habitat may be enhanced by thinning treatments in young Tsuga heterophylla-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather T. Root ◽  
Bruce McCune ◽  
Peter Neitlich
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla

Distribution of leaf orientations in six conifer species

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Abies Grandis

Leaf angle distributions are important in assessing both the flexibility of a plant's response to differing daily and seasonal sun angles and also the variability in the proportion of total leaf area visible in remotely sensed images. Leaf angle distributions are presented for six conifer species, Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl., Thuja plicata Donn. ex D. Don, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia. The leaf angles were calculated by measuring four foliar quantities, and then the distributions of leaf angles are cast in three forms: distributions of (i) the angle of the long axis of the leaf from the vertical for the range 0–180°; (ii) the angle of the long axis of the leaf for the range 0–90°; and (iii) the angle of the plane of the leaf for the range 0–90°. Each of these are fit to the ellipsoidal distribution to test the hypothesis that leaf angles in conifers are sufficiently random to fit the ellipsoidal distribution. The fit was generally better for planar angles and for longitudinal angles between 0° and 90° than for longitudinal angles between 0° and 180°. The fit was also better for Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Picea sitchensis, and Pinus contorta than for Abies grandis and Thuja plicata. This is probably because Abies and Thuja are more shade tolerant than the other species, and so the leaves in Abies and Thuja are preferentially oriented near the horizontal and are much less random than for the other species. Comparisons of distributions on individual twigs, whole branches, entire trees, and groups of trees were done to test the hypothesis that angle distributions will depend on scale, and these comparisons indicated that the apparent randomness and goodness-of-fit increased on passing to each larger unit (twigs up to groups of trees).Key words: conifer, leaf angles, ellipsoidal distribution.

Survival dynamics of mechanically topped Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) snags in Douglas-fir plantations, Oregon, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 433 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Hane ◽  
Andrew J. Kroll ◽  
Aaron Springford ◽  
Jack Giovanini ◽  
Mike Rochelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock

scholarly journals Dichotomous Keys for Scaling and Grading Merchantable Quality Sawlogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Steve Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Time Scaling ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Length Scaling ◽  
Log Scaling

Abstract This study documented and field-tested a simplified version of the Westside Grading Guidelines as published in the Official Rules Handbook by the Northwest Log Rules Advisory Group. A four-step dichotomous key was documented and field-tested to determine merchantable vs. nonmerchantable logs. The study also documented and field-tested an individual seven-step dichotomous log grading key for evaluating second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and grand fir (Abies grandis) as derived from the Rules For Grading Logs section of the Official Rules Handbook. Results were compared with certified scalers employed by Yamhill Log Scaling & Grading Bureau and Columbia River Log Scaling & Grading Bureau. Eighty-four individuals measured the length, scaling diameter, determined merchantability versus nonmerchantability and assigned log grade for 440 logs. Results showed participants in the study correctly measuring log length 99% of time, scaling diameters were recorded correctly at an 89% rate, and merchantability and log grade at 98 and 97%, respectively. West. J. Appl. For. 18(4):250–258.

Hybrid biovars of Agrobacterium species isolated from conifer roots

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bell ◽  
W. D. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Cluster 2

A total of 377 heterotrophic bacteria were isolated on nonselective medium from the rhizoplanes of five species of conifer. The species were western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Twenty-eight strains from this population were identified as presumptive agrobacteria. All proved nontumourigenic. Principal-component analysis indicated that the strains, which had clustered into two discrete groups, had intermediate biovar characteristics. Cluster 1 was predominately biovar 3/2 in character, cluster 2 was predominately biovar 2/3. All the presumptive agrobacteria were distributed randomly with respect to the tree species. This study demonstrates that agrobacteria, although atypical, do occur in forest soils and attests to the ubiquity of the genus in soil. Key words: Agrobacterium, biovars, crown gall, conifers.

Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Needle Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abies nobilis, A. pectinata, A. sibirica, Picea abies, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P. mariana, P. omorica, P. orientalis, P. pungens, P. schrenkiana, P. sitchensis, Pinus austriaca, P. densiflora, P. excelsa, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. strobus, P. thunbergii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla. DISEASE: Needle blight of pine and spruce. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia Japan), Europe (Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Sweden), North America (Canada: Quebec, USA). TRANSMISSION: By splash-borne conidia.

STUDIES ON THE WESTERN WOOD-ROTTING FUNGUS PORIA ZONATA BRES.

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Abies Grandis

Poria zonata Bres., a wood-rotting fungus known only from the western United States and British Columbia, is reported to be widely distributed within that area on recently fallen trees of Abies grandis, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Tsuga heterophylla. A description of the sporophores of the fungus, its cultural characteristics, and the white pocket rot caused by it are given.

Vertical and seasonal variation in canopy arthropod communities in an old-growth conifer forest in southwestern Washington, USA

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Schowalter ◽  
L.M. Ganio
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Arthropod Fauna

AbstractVariation in canopy arthropod abundances and community structure were evaluated in an old-growth (500-year-old) forest at the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility in southwestern Washington, USA. Arthropods were sampled at three canopy levels and two seasons in each of four tree species (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Abies grandis, and Thuja plicata). The four tree species had distinguishable arthropod species compositions and community organization. Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) had a particularly distinctive canopy fauna dominated by several mite taxa which did not occur on the other tree species (all Pinaceae). Pseudotsuga menziesii hosted a relatively diverse arthropod fauna with greatest richness of taxa and functional groups. Distinct arthropod assemblages were not observed among canopy levels and sampling dates, but these factors significantly influenced abundances of 63% of the arthropod taxa, either individually or interactively with other factors. These data indicate that forests managed for fewer tree species eliminate important components of arthropod diversity in Pacific Northwest forests and that sampling for biodiversity assessment also should represent season and canopy level.

Reexamination of Postglacial Vegetation History in Northern Idaho: Hager Pond, Bonner Co.

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Mack ◽  
N.W. Rutter ◽  
Vaughn M. Bryant ◽  
S. Valastro
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Northern Idaho

Hager Pond, a mire in northern Idaho, reveals at least five pollen zones since sediments formed after the last recession of continental ice (>9500 yr BP). Zone I (>9500-8300 yr BP) consists mainly of diploxylon pine, plus low percentages of Abies, Artemisia, and Picea. SEM examination of conifer pollen at selected levels in the zone reveals that Pinus albicaulis, P. monticola, and P. contorta are present in unknown proportions. The zone resembles modern pollen spectra from the Abies lasiocarpa-P. albicaulis association found locally today only at high elevation. Presence of whitebark pine indicates a cooler, moister climate than at present, but one which was rapidly replaced in Zone II (8300-7600 yr BP) by warmer, drier conditions as inferred by prominence of grass with diploxylon pine. Zone III (7600-3000 yr BP) was probably dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii, plus diploxylon pine and prominent Artemisia and denotes a change in vegetation but continuation of the warmer drier conditions. Beginning at approximately 3000 yr BP Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, and/or A. grandis and diploxylon pine were dominants and the inferred climate became cooler and moister concomitant with Neoglaciation. The modern climatic climax (Zone 157), with Tsuga heterophylla as dominant, has emerged in approximately the last 1500 yr.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Levels and Patterns of Green-Tree Retention on Amount of Harvesting Damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Moore ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David L. Phillips ◽  
Charles B. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Dispersed Retention ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Aggregated Retention ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract An inventory of fresh logging wounds from treatment implementation was performed in a regional green-tree retention experiment in Oregon and Washington. The DEMO (Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options) study contains six treatments replicated in six blocks: (1) 100% retention (control), (2) 75% aggregated retention, (3) 40% dispersed retention, (4) 40% aggregated retention, (5) 15% dispersed retention, and (6) 15% aggregated retention. Over all blocks and treatments, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) comprised 74.9% of all measured trees, and the proportion of trees damaged was similar for both species. Suppressed trees tended to be more susceptible to damage than were trees in other crown classes. A greater proportion of trees in the dispersed retention treatments were damaged than in the aggregated treatments. Only in the two dispersed retention treatments were levels of damage significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). The greatest proportion of damaged trees occurred in the 15% dispersed retention treatment and was likely due to the wider dispersion and higher intensity of felling and yarding operations associated with this treatment. The pattern of damage across treatments was similar for both small (≤ 25 cm dbh) and large (> 25 cm dbh) trees. Some evidence was also found that the sites with gentler slopes had less damage than those with steeper topography. Probable effects of wounds on future growth and tree health could not be inferred as no data were collected on wound size or height. However, it is expected that the future incidence of stem rot and growth reduction will be greatest in the dispersed retention treatments. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):202–206.

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