Life Cycle of the Trout Cecal Nematode, Truttaedacnitis truttae (Nematoda: Cucullanidae): Experimental and Field Observations

10.1645/18-22 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Anindo Choudhury ◽  
Rebecca A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Field Observations

scholarly journals Natural history of Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) I: observations on habitats and the development of chromatic patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. F. RAMOS ◽  
E. GOUVÊA ◽  
M. do CARMO-SILVA ◽  
J. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Phoneutria Nigriventer

Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 is a common species in several spots of Mata Atlântica, however there is a great lack of studies in all aspects of its natural history. This work aims to elucidate aspects of ecotope preference compared to large spiders, and to provide data on the development of chromatic patterns during its life cycle. The observations on the behavior of C. medius were done in the campus of Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa (UBM) by means of observations and nocturnal collections using cap lamps. For observations on the development of chromatic patterns, spiderlings raised in laboratory, hatched from an oviposition of a female from campus of UBM, and others spiderlings collected in field were used. The field observations indicate that: C. medius seems to prefer ecotopes characterized by dense shrub vegetation or herbal undergrowth; Lycosa erythrognatha and L. nordeskioldii seems to prefer open sites; Phoneutria nigriventer seems to prefer shrub vegetation and anthropogenic ecotopes as rubbish hills; Ancylometes sp. seems to prefer ecotopes near streams. Concerning chromatic patterns, it was observed that males and females show well distinct patterns during the last two instars, allowing distinction by sex without the use of a microscope. Through chromatic patterns it was also possible to draw a distinction between C. medius and C. ornatus longer that 3 mm cephalothorax width. 69 specimens of C. medius (males and females) collected in the campus of UBM did not show a striking polymorphism in chromatic pattern, but one among 7 adult females collected in National Park of Itatiaia, showed a distinct chromatic pattern.

Biology of the Afrotropical Sepedonella nana (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), whose larvae feed only on freshwater Aulophorus furcatus (Oligochaeta: Naididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3102 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANCLAUDE VALA ◽  
LOUIS GHÉLUS GBEDJISSI
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physical Attributes

All studies during the last six decades have stated that sciomyzid larvae are strictly malacophagous. However, the Afrotropical sciomyzid Sepedonella nana species was found in this study to feed only on the small freshwater oligochaete, Aulophorus furcatus. The divergent oligophagous feeding behaviour of this species was investigated. The physical attributes of the egg, first-, secondand third-instar larvae, and the puparium are described. Four types of sensilla—coeloconicum, trichodeum, chaeticum, and styloconicum—are present with a characteristic distribution on each tagma. Each thoracic segment is distinguished by presence of a pair of Keilin’s organ on ventral surface. Each abdominal segment has eleven pairs of the same sensilla types; their variable locations are presented. Population dynamics of the adults are shown from our field investigations in permanent and temporary freshwater biotopes during 1996–2008. The life cycle of the species is presented from our field observations and laboratory experiments. Among the 62 species of Afrotropical Sciomyzidae, this is the eighth species for which life-cycle is entirely resolved.

scholarly journals Measurement report: CCN activity and its variation with organic oxidation level and volatility observed during aerosol life cycle intensive operational period (ALC-IOP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Mei ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Shan Zhou ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Sonya Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Oxidation Level ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Organic Oxidation

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum and the CCN activated fraction of size selected aerosols (SR-CCN) were measured at a rural site on Long Island during the Department of Energy (DOE) Aerosol Life Cycle Intensive Operational Period (ALC-IOP) from July 15 to August 15, 2011. During the last week of the ALC-IOP, the dependence of the activated fraction on aerosol volatility was characterized by sampling downstream of a thermodenuder operated at temperatures up to 100 ⁰C. Here we present aerosol properties, including aerosol total number concentration, CCN spectrum, and the CCN hygroscopicity for air masses of representative origins during the ALC-IOP. The hygroscopicity of organic species in the aerosol is derived from CCN hygroscopicity and chemical composition. The dependence of organic hygroscopicity on the organic oxidation level (e.g., atomic O:C ratio) agrees well with theoretical predictions and results from previous laboratory and field studies. The derived κorg and O:C ratio first increase as thermal denuder (TD) temperature increases from 20 ℃ (i.e., ambient temperature) to 50 or 75 ℃, then decreases as TD temperature further increases to 100 ℃. These trends are different from previous laboratory experiments and field observations, which reported that organic O:C increased monotonically with increasing TD temperature, whereas κorg decreased with the TD temperature. The initial increases of O:C and κorg with TD temperature below 50 ℃ are likely due to the evaporation of more volatile organics with relatively lower O:C and hygroscopicity such as primary OA. Previous studies were either focused on laboratory-generated SOA or based on field observations at locations dominated by SOA.

scholarly journals State of knowledge of viviparity in Staphylinidae and the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon in Corotoca Schiødte, 1853

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195919
Author(s):  
Bruno Zilberman ◽  
Carlos Moreno Pires-Silva ◽  
Igor Eloi Moreira ◽  
Raul Marques Pisno ◽  
Maria Avany Bezerra-Gusmão
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Asynchronous Development ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
The Family ◽  
Foraging Trail

Viviparity is characterized by the retention of fertilized eggs in reproductive tract of the female. This condition is very common in vertebrates, but relatively rare in invertebrates, including insects. The present work presents a review on viviparity in Staphylinidae, with special attention on genus Corotoca Schiødte, 1853. The genus is composed by six termitophilous species with neotropical distribution, and together with Spirachtha Schiødte, 1853 are only two genera with species confirmed as viviparous in the family. Some other cases are only supposition. Also, it is presented information and discussion on the life cycle of Corotoca species based on dissection of females in laboratory and field observations. During the dissection of females of four species of Corotoca it was observed that each female carries three eggs at the same time. The embryos present asynchronous development: when one is located at apex of abdomen, the other two are at IV segment, on abdomen curvature. These observations are complementary with those obtained in field observation, when the female deposits a larva outside the nest, on the foraging trail of termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901). The strategy of Corotoca species focused on the immature as dispersing agent is derived and probably favor the fitnees in relation to a hypothetical condition in which the adult is the dispersive agent.

scholarly journals Seasonal life cycle of the tropical cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Zefa ◽  
Fernando M. Rúbio ◽  
Alcides R. Rinaldi ◽  
Luis H. Gollin ◽  
Denis B. F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

The life cycle and seasonal distribution of a tropical population of Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) were analyzed aiming to verify whether this species life cycle is associated to the wet and dry seasons. The population studied was found at the Seasonal Alluvial Semi-deciduous Forest, Foz de Iguaçu, PR, Brazil (25º27'54.9'' S; 54º34'27.9'' W), which presents mild mesothermal and super humid climate. Field observations were made at 20- to 24-day intervals, with the first observation occurring on April 30th, 2002 and the last on April 25th, 2003. It was verified that the studied species is univoltine and cyclic with regards to the dry and wet seasons, therefore being heterodynamic and surviving the dry season as adult.

Studies of hypodermataceous needle diseases. I. Isthmiella quadrispora sp. nov., causing needle blight of alpine fir

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf G. Ziller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Biologic Control ◽  
Needle Blight

A new parasite causing needle disease of alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) in western Canada and named Isthmiella quadrispora sp. nov. is illustrated and described. It resembles I. faullii (Darker) Darker in morphology, pathogenicity, life cycle, host range, and associated fungi; but differs from I. faullii in its apparent lack of an imperfect state, the subcuticular position of its ascomata, its stipitate, narrow, four-spored asci, and the germination of its spores. Field observations indicate a 2-year life cycle and great differences in susceptibility of individual host trees. Several secondary associated fungi prevent spore formation of I. quadrispora, thus acting as biologic control agents.

scholarly journals Deducing how tropical rhyssines (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) mate from body measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Sanna Keronen ◽  
Ilari E. Sääksjärvi ◽  
Tapani Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Body Measurements

The biology of many Darwin wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species is poorly known. Existing museum specimens can potentially be used to get information on e.g. how species live, what they eat, and what their life cycle is. One example of this is a 1991 study by Eggleton in which he measured some rhyssine (Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) species, and used the results to deduce how the species likely mate. We extend this work by measuring five tropical species. We found no evidence that the males of our species scramble for females before the females emerge, which matches what was hypothesised by Eggleton. Further measurements of more species would provide information on how other species mate, and field observations of mating rhyssines would help confirm that Eggleton’s method for deducing rhyssine mating strategies gives true results.

Biology of Anisocentropus pallidus (Martynov) (Trichoptera, Calamoceratidae): Laboratory and field observations

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
TOMIKO ITO
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Plant Detritus ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Northern Japan

The biology of the East Asian caddisfly Anisocentropus pallidus (Martynov 1935), Calamoceratidae, was studied in both the laboratory and field in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The egg and early instar larva are newly described. The larvae are abundant in dense accumulations of plant detritus and eat the detritus in littoral areas of ponds in marshes. Their cases are flat, oval and made of two leaf pieces with anteromesal slits, posterior concavities and interior silken chambers. Just after eclosion, a temporary cylindrical tubular case is made of amorphous detritus. The pupal case is also a flattened oval with small anterior and posterior openings on dorsal valves and attached on hard leaves and stems. The prepupal + pupal stage requires 15–19 days at 15–17˚C. Adults appear from June to September with peak emergence during mid June. Females have mature ovaries at emergence. A one− or two-year life cycle is suggested by seasonal changes of instar frequency and larval weight.

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