Opertochasma somaensis n. sp. (Bivalvia: Pholadidae) from the Upper Jurassic in Japan: a perspective on pholadoidean early evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Haga ◽  
Tomoki Kase
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Floral Diversification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wood Borer

The evolutionary history of the major boring-bivalve superfamily Pholadoidea remains unclear. Opertochasma somaensis n. sp., preserved in situ in fossilized wood from upper Kimmeridgian to lower Tithonian strata within the Upper Jurassic shallow marine Nakanosawa Formation, northeast Japan, is described. This new species represents one of the oldest body fossils of pholadoidean boring-bivalves and the first fossil record from the Jurassic in the circum-Pacific regions. The authochthonous occurrence in fossilized wood, the presence of microscopic file-like sculpture on the anterior shell slope, the short clavate burrow, and other shell features demonstrate that O. somaensis n. sp. was a filter-feeding, obligate wood-borer with anterior-boring locomotion, and also that the complex shell morphology unique to Pholadoidea was established by the Late Jurassic. The documentation of the new species and taxonomic review on the Jurassic species previously described, show that the superfamily Pholadoidea was widely distributed along the Northern Hemisphere middle latitudes in the latest Jurassic. The Pholadoidea likely evolved by exploiting woody substrata which had become abundant during the Late Jurassic with floral diversification in the middle latitudes. It is notable that the xylophagous mode of life, referable to modern Teredinidae and Xylophagaidae, was most probably established in the Jurassic and provided an important background for the establishment of chemosynthesis-based, sunken wood-associated communities.

scholarly journals On a remarkable new species of <i>Tharsis</i>, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships

Fossil Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Arratia ◽  
Hans-Peter Schultze ◽  
Helmut Tischlinger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Southern Germany

Abstract. A complete morphological description, as preservation permits, is provided for a new Late Jurassic fish species (Tharsis elleri) together with a revision and comparison of some morphological features of Tharsis dubius, one of the most common species from the Solnhofen limestone, southern Germany. An emended diagnosis of the genus Tharsis – now including two species – is presented. The new species is characterized by a combination of morphological characters, such as the presence of a complete sclerotic ring formed by two bones placed anterior and posterior to the eye, a moderately short lower jaw with quadrate-mandibular articulation below the anterior half of the orbit, caudal vertebrae with neural and haemal arches fused to their respective vertebral centrum, and parapophyses fused to their respective centrum. A phylogenetic analysis based on 198 characters and 43 taxa is performed. Following the phylogenetic hypothesis, the sister-group relationship Ascalaboidae plus more advanced teleosts stands above the node of Leptolepis coryphaenoides. Both nodes have strong support among teleosts. The results confirm the inclusion of Ascalabos, Ebertichthys and Tharsis as members of this extinct family. Tharsis elleri n. sp. (LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6434E6F5-2DDD-48CF-A2B1-827495FE46E6, date: 13 December 2018) is so far restricted to one Upper Jurassic German locality – Wegscheid Quarry near Schernfeld, Eichstätt – whereas Tharsis dubius is known not only from Wegscheid Quarry, but also from different localities in the Upper Jurassic of Bavaria, Germany, and Cerin in France.

scholarly journals A new species of pygmy Paroctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): the smallest southwestern Atlantic octopod, found in sea debris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Leite ◽  
Erica A.G. Vidal ◽  
Françoise Dantas Lima ◽  
Sergio M.Q. Lima ◽  
Ricardo M Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Habitat ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species

Abstract The new species, Paroctopus cthulu sp. nov. Leite, Haimovici, Lima and Lima, was recorded from very shallow coastal waters on sandy/muddy and shelter-poor bottoms with natural and human-origin debris. It is a small octopus, adults are less than 35 mm mantle length (ML) and weigh around 15 g. It has short to medium sized arms, enlarged suckers on the arms of both males and females, large posterior salivary glands (25 %ML), a relatively large beak (9 % ML) and medium to large mature eggs (3.5 to > 9 mm). The characteristics of hatchlings of two brooding females, some of their anatomical features, and in-situ observations of their behaviour are a clue to the life history of it and closely related pygmy octopuses. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that Paroctopus cthulu sp.nov. specimens grouped in a well-supported clade of Paroctopus species, separate from P.joubini and P. cf mercatoris from the Northwestern Atlantic . The description of this new species, living in a novel habitat of human debris in shallow water off Brazil, offered an opportunity not only to evaluate the relationship among the small octopuses of the western Atlantic, Caribbean and eastern Pacific, but also their adaptation to the Anthropocene period.

scholarly journals Polymorphy and extinction of the Late Cretaceous burrowing shrimp Protocallianassa faujasi and first record of the genera Corallianassa and Calliax (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinoidea) from the Cretaceous

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Swen ◽  
René H.B. Fraaije ◽  
Gijsbert J. van der Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Burrow Morphology

A biometric study of chelae of the burrowing shrimp Protocallianassa faujasi ( Desmarest, 1822), from the late Maastrichtian of the Maastrichtian type area, The Netherlands, has revealed three morphotypes. These types are interpreted as sexual dimorphs (male and female) and earliest ecdysis stages (immature male). Among the studied material are fifteen specimens of a new Cretaceous callianassid, Corallianassa acucurvata new species, one specimen provisionally assigned to the genus Calliax and a callianassid from the Danian. Burrows preserving callianassid chelae in situ are discussed. Based on burrow morphology a suspension feeding mode of life for P.faujasi is inferred, whereas C. acucurvata n. sp. probably was an active omnivorous analogue of its closest Recent relatives. The extinction of P. faujasi in the Meerssen Member appears to correspond to the increase in seagrass vegetation. The Protocallianassa-Corallianassa faunal changeover took place about 100,000 yrs before the K/T boundary in this region.

A new primitive eucryptodiran turtle from the Upper Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIYAN TONG ◽  
WILAILUCK NAKSRI ◽  
ERIC BUFFETAUT ◽  
VARAVUDH SUTEETHORN ◽  
SURAVECH SUTEETHORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Full Width ◽  
The Sichuan Basin

AbstractA new genus and new species of primitive eucryptodiran turtle, Phunoichelys thirakhupti gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of shell remains from the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation, at Phu Noi locality, Kalasin Province, NE Thailand. It is assigned to Xinjiangchelyidae on the basis of the marginals covering the lateral end of the costals and the anal scutes invading the hypoplastra. The new taxon is further characterized by a low and rounded carapace without a cervical notch; the whole carapace and plastron covered with a clear ornamentation consisting of tiny irregular vermiculated furrows; a complete neural series that reaches the suprapygal; a very wide and short cervical scute; relatively wide vertebral scutes; and a long first thoracic rib that extends along the full width of the first costal. The sutured plastron/carapace connection and the marginals covering the lateral end of the second to seventh costals suggest that the turtles from Phu Noi may be related to some primitive xinjiangchelyids from the Sichuan Basin. The discovery of a xinjiangchelyid turtle in the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation supports a Late Jurassic age for that part of the formation.

Dinoflagellate cysts from an allochthonous block of Nordenskjöld Formation (Upper Jurassic), north-west James Ross Island

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Snape
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
North West ◽  
James Ross Island

An allochthonous block of the Nordenskjöld Formation from north-west James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula has yielded a diverse marine palynoflora. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the 185 m thick sequence are described and compared with similar microfloras previously described from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Madagascar. A mid Tithonian (Late Jurassic) age is suggested for the section. One new genus, Helbydinium gen. nov. and four new species, Helbydinium scabratum sp. nov., Leptodinium acneum sp. nov., Leptodinium posterosulcatum sp. nov. and Rhynchodiniopsis foveata sp. nov. are described.

Are contemporary whiteflies “living fossils”? Morphology and systematic status of the oldest representatives of the Middle-Late Jurassic Aleyrodomorpha (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) from Daohugou

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
JOWITA DROHOJOWSKA ◽  
PIOTR WEGIEREK ◽  
GREGORY A. EVANS ◽  
DIYING HUANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Systematic Status ◽  
Living Fossils

A new genus Sinicoselis gen. nov., with new species Sinicoselis weberi gen. and sp. nov. is described from Middle-Upper Jurassic, Daohugou Bed, Inner Mongolia, China. It is the oldest representative of whiteflies placed in the subfamily Bernaeinae. Its morphological features and taxonomic position with respect to other aleyrodids from the subfamilies Bernaeinae and Udamoselinae are briefly discussed.

A new genus and two new species of fossil Elaterids from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1785 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUALI CHANG ◽  
FAN ZHANG ◽  
DONG REN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Two New Species

A new genus and two new species of fossil Elateridae are described and illustrated: Paralithomerus gen. nov., P. exquisitus sp. nov, and P. parallelus sp. nov. Both species were collected from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Fossil elaterids expressing a sutured mesoventrite have been otherwise discovered only from the Upper Jurassic strata of Karatau.

scholarly journals Calliostoma and Akoya of the Californian Marine Province (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae)

The Festivus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Paul Tuskes ◽  
Ann McGowan-Tuskes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Species

Fifteen species of Calliostomatidae are known to occur in the Californian marine province. Biological observations in situ on shallow water species indicates they are primarily carnivores, feeding on sessile organisms such as sponge, bryozoan, hydrozoa, diatoms and various Cnidaria. Adult variation, distribution, depth, and habitat are discussed and a summary of distribution records are provided for unique species. Analysis of shell morphology indicates Akoya titanium is a synonymy of A. platinum. A review of museum material also suggests that C. splendens appears to be correctly placed as a synonym of C. supragranosm. A new species of Calliostoma from the most southern portion of the Californian marine province is described and illustrated.

Stranger in a Strange Land: A Brief History of the Paleontological Operations at Dinosaur National Monument

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chure ◽  
John McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Carnegie Museum ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Dinosaur National Monument ◽  
Park Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Facilities

Discovered in 1909 by Earl Douglass of the Carnegie Museum, the Dinosaur Quarry (DQ) at Dinosaur National Monument has proven to be one of our best windows into the large vertebrate community of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic). To date, the remains of several hundred individuals belonging to sixteen species of dinosaurs and other vertebrates have been found. The DQ has produced more species, skulls, juveniles, and complete skeletons than any other Morrison Formation quarry. Between 1909 and 1924, the DQ was actively quarried and over 700,000 lbs. of fossils were collected. In 1958 the National Park Service enclosed the unexcavated area of the DQ within a building with both exhibits and research facilities. Since that time over 2,000 bones have been uncovered and left in situ, just as they were deposited. The concept of an enclosed quarry with an in situ exhibit of fossils has been successfully followed at a number of parks both within the U.S. and abroad.

scholarly journals Semionotiform fish from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)

Fossil Record ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arratia ◽  
H.-P. Schultze
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Neue Art ◽  
A New Species

Abstract. The late Late Jurassic fishes collected by the Tendaguru expeditions (1909–1913) are represented only by a shark tooth and various specimens of the neopterygian Lepidotes. The Lepidotes is a new species characterized by a combination of features such as the presence of scattered tubercles in cranial bones of adults, smooth ganoid scales, two suborbital bones, one row of infraorbital bones, non-tritoral teeth, hyomandibula with an anteriorly expanded membranous outgrowth, two extrascapular bones, two postcleithra, and the absence of fringing fulcra on all fins. Die spätoberjurassischen Fische, die die Tendaguru-Expedition zwischen 1909 und 1913 gesammelt hat, sind durch einen Haizahn und mehrere Exemplare des Neopterygiers Lepidotes repräsentiert. Eine neue Art der Gattung Lepidotes ist beschrieben, sie ist durch eine Kombination von Merkmalen (vereinzelte Tuberkel auf den Schädelknochen adulter Tiere, glatte Ganoidschuppen, zwei Suborbitalia, eine Reihe von Infraorbitalia, nichttritoriale Zähne, Hyomandibulare mit einer membranösen nach vorne gerichteten Verbreiterung, zwei Extrascapularia, zwei Postcleithra und ohne sich gabelnde Fulkren auf dem Vorderrand der Flossen) gekennzeichnet. doi:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020110

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