THE URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS AND PREGNANEDIOL AT THE END OF PREGNANCY, DURING LABOUR AND DURING THE EARLY PUERPERIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. T. BRADSHAW ◽  
W. J. E. JESSOP
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After

1. The excretion levels of oestrogen and pregnanediol have been followed in fourteen women during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, during labour and during the first few days of the puerperium. Particular attention was paid to the period immediately before and after the onset of labour. 2. The amounts excreted during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy were high in all cases, but considerable variations were observed from day to day. During labour the values were usually lower, but there were frequent variations here also. The excretion fell to a low level within a few days following delivery. 3. There was a general tendency for the output of oestriol and total oestrogen to fall during the last 2 days before the onset of labour, and this fall was shown statistically to be highly significant on the day before onset and less significant on the previous day. However, in almost every case similar changes had been observed at earlier stages of pregnancy. In one woman the output was actually rising slightly when labour began. 4. The excretion of pregnanediol during the last 2 days of pregnancy was extremely variable, and no relationship between it and the onset of labour could be demonstrated. 5. The results obtained by other workers are discussed.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Evaluation of Facial Thermographic Changes Before and After Low-Level Laser Irradiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Makihara ◽  
Masato Makihara ◽  
Shin-Ichi Masumi ◽  
Eiji Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Level Laser Irradiation

ACIDIC URINARY METABOLITES OF PROGESTERONE: STUDIES ON THE PREGNANT RABBIT

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. ALLEN ◽  
G. H. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY Indirect evidence is presented which suggests that the same acidic metabolites are obtained from the hydrolysed urine of the pregnant rabbit as from the non-pregnant animal injected with labelled progesterone. The acidic urinary metabolites were characterized by conversion with borohydridebismuthate to neutral aldehydes, which were then chromatographed on SE-30 and QF-1. In four rabbits the urinary excretion of the aldehydogenic metabolites and of pregnanediol, before and after mating, was parallel; the highest values were obtained in the 24 hr. after the coital stimulus.

Triggering of transient LES relaxations in ferrets: role of sympathetic pathways and effects of baclofen

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. G157-G162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Staunton ◽  
Scott D. Smid ◽  
John Dent ◽  
L. Ashley Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Splanchnic Mechanoreceptors ◽  
High Level

Activation of gastric vagal mechanoreceptors by distention is thought to be the trigger for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR), which lead to gastroesophageal reflux. The contribution of higher-threshold gastric splanchnic mechanoreceptors is uninvestigated. GABABreceptor agonists, including baclofen, potently reduce triggering of TLESR by low-level gastric distention. We aimed to determine first whether this effect of baclofen is maintained at high-level distention and second the role of splanchnic pathways in triggering TLESR. Micromanometric/pH studies in conscious ferrets showed that intragastric glucose infusion (25 ml) increased triggering of TLESR and reflux. Both were significantly reduced by baclofen (7 μmol/kg ip) ( P < 0.05). When 40 ml of air was added to the glucose infusion, more TLESR occurred than with glucose alone ( P < 0.01). These were also reduced by baclofen ( P < 0.001). TLESR after glucose/air infusion were assessed before and after splanchnectomy (2–4, 9–11, and 23–25 days), which revealed no change. Baclofen inhibits TLESR after both low- and high-level gastric distention. Splanchnic pathways do not contribute to increased triggering of TLESR by high-level gastric distention.

scholarly journals Contribuições do cuidado de enfermagem na redução da dor em clientes com dermatoses imunobolhosas: avaliação pela lógica fuzzi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euzeli Da Silva Brandão ◽  
Iraci Dos Santos ◽  
Regina Serrão Lanzillotti
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
High Level

Aim: to evaluate the intensity of the client’s pain with autoimmune bullous  dermatoses,  before  and  after the  protocol  of  nursing  care  is  applied to  a  client with autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Method: the data were treated using fuzzy logic. Results: when associating the implementation of the protocol with pain reduction in the 14 study subjects the following stand out: in T0, seven subjects presented high levels of pain, with a pertinence of 1.0; in T1, 24 hours after intervention, eight presented a low level of pain, with pertinences ranging from 1.0 and 0.75, and only one with high level of pain;  in  T2,  only  one  remained  with  a  high  level  of  pain.  Discussion:  the  use  of analgesics prior to application of the protocol demonstrates that change in pain intensity was  not  influenced  by  use  of  medication,  but  rather  by  the  implemented  care. Conclusion: based on the classifications of fuzzy logic, there was a significant reduction of pain levels, especially in the first 24 hours.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY WITH ALANYL-GLUTAMINE IN HIV PATIENTS:

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robério Dias LEITE ◽  
Noélia Leal LIMA ◽  
Christiane Araujo Chaves LEITE ◽  
Calil Kairalla FARHAT ◽  
Richard Littleton GUERRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Hiv Aids

ContextGlutamine is the main source of energy of the enterocyte and diarrhea and weight loss are frequent in HIV infected patients.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on intestinal permeability and absorption in these patients.MethodsRandomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study using isonitrogenous doses of alanyl-glutamine (24 g/day) and placebo (glycine, 25 g/day) during 10 days. Before and after this nutritional supplementation lactulose and mannitol urinary excretion were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.ResultsForty six patients with HIV/AIDS, 36 of whom were male, with 37.28 ± 3 (mean ± standard error) years were enrolled. Twenty two and 24 subjects were treated with alanyl-glutamine and with glycine respectively. In nine patients among all in the study protocol that reported diarrhea in the 14 days preceding the beginning of the study, mannitol urinary excretion was significantly lower than patients who did not report this symptom [median (range): 10.51 (3.01–19.75) vs. 15.37 (3.93–46.73); P = 0.0281] and lactulose/mannitol ratio was significantly higher [median (range): 0.04 (0.00–2.89) vs. 0.02 (0.00–0.19); P = 0.0317]. There was also a significant increase in mannitol urinary excretion in the group treated with alanyl-glutamine [median (range): 14.38 (8.25–23.98) before vs 21.24 (6.27–32.99) after treatment; n = 14, P = 0.0382].ConclusionOur results suggest that the integrity and intestinal absorption are more intensely affected in patients with HIV/AIDS who recently have had diarrhea. Additionally, nutritional supplementation with alanyl-glutamine was associated with an improvement in intestinal absorption.

The frequency of alternate muscle activity is associated with the attenuation in muscle fatigue

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Kouzaki ◽  
Minoru Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Sustained Contraction ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After

Alternate muscle activity between synergist muscles has been demonstrated during low-level sustained contractions [≤5% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force]. To determine the functional significance of the alternate muscle activity, the association between the frequency of alternate muscle activity during a low-level sustained knee extension and the reduction in knee extension MVC force was studied. Forty-one healthy subjects performed a sustained knee extension at 2.5% MVC force for 1 h. Before and after the sustained knee extension, MVC force was measured. The surface electromyogram was recorded from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. The frequency of alternate muscle activity for RF-VL, RF-VM, and VL-VM pairs was determined during the sustained contraction. The frequency of alternate muscle activity ranged from 4 to 11 times/h for RF-VL (7.0 ± 2.0 times/h) and RF-VM (7.0 ± 1.9 times/h) pairs, but it was only 0 to 2 times/h for the VL-VM pair (0.5 ± 0.7 times/h). MVC force after the sustained contraction decreased by 14% ( P < 0.01) from 573.6 ± 145.2 N to 483.3 ± 130.5 N. The amount of reduction in MVC force was negatively correlated with the frequency of alternate muscle activity for the RF-VL and RF-VM pairs ( P < 0.001 and r = 0.65 for both) but not for the VL-VM pair. The results demonstrate that subjects with more frequent alternate muscle activity experience less muscle fatigue. We conclude that the alternate muscle activity between synergist muscles attenuates muscle fatigue.

CORTISOL BINDING IN THE SERUM IN KWASHIORKOR

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. LEONARD ◽  
K. M. MacWILLIAM
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hourly Output ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Free Steroid

SUMMARY The binding by serum and the urinary excretion of cortisol was investigated before and after treatment in eleven children with kwashiorkor. The 24-hourly output of cortisol in the urine was unaltered but after treatment the percentage of free cortisol in the serum fell to one half of the pretreatment value. Changes in the concentration of free steroid were inversely related to the serum albumin level. It was concluded that changes in the binding of adrenal steroids of the magnitude observed may account for the sodium retention and oedema of kwashiorkor.

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