scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY WITH ALANYL-GLUTAMINE IN HIV PATIENTS:

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robério Dias LEITE ◽  
Noélia Leal LIMA ◽  
Christiane Araujo Chaves LEITE ◽  
Calil Kairalla FARHAT ◽  
Richard Littleton GUERRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Hiv Aids

ContextGlutamine is the main source of energy of the enterocyte and diarrhea and weight loss are frequent in HIV infected patients.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on intestinal permeability and absorption in these patients.MethodsRandomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study using isonitrogenous doses of alanyl-glutamine (24 g/day) and placebo (glycine, 25 g/day) during 10 days. Before and after this nutritional supplementation lactulose and mannitol urinary excretion were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.ResultsForty six patients with HIV/AIDS, 36 of whom were male, with 37.28 ± 3 (mean ± standard error) years were enrolled. Twenty two and 24 subjects were treated with alanyl-glutamine and with glycine respectively. In nine patients among all in the study protocol that reported diarrhea in the 14 days preceding the beginning of the study, mannitol urinary excretion was significantly lower than patients who did not report this symptom [median (range): 10.51 (3.01–19.75) vs. 15.37 (3.93–46.73); P = 0.0281] and lactulose/mannitol ratio was significantly higher [median (range): 0.04 (0.00–2.89) vs. 0.02 (0.00–0.19); P = 0.0317]. There was also a significant increase in mannitol urinary excretion in the group treated with alanyl-glutamine [median (range): 14.38 (8.25–23.98) before vs 21.24 (6.27–32.99) after treatment; n = 14, P = 0.0382].ConclusionOur results suggest that the integrity and intestinal absorption are more intensely affected in patients with HIV/AIDS who recently have had diarrhea. Additionally, nutritional supplementation with alanyl-glutamine was associated with an improvement in intestinal absorption.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) polyphenols in rats: impact of colonic inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Felgines ◽  
Didier Fraisse ◽  
Catherine Besson ◽  
Marie-Paule Vasson ◽  
Odile Texier
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides ◽  
Aloysia Triphylla ◽  
Lemon Verbena

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) infusion, a widely consumed herbal tea, contains significant amounts of polyphenols such as flavone diglucuronides and phenylpropanoid glycosides (mainly verbascoside). We have recently shown that lemon verbena infusion offers beneficial effects against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation in rats. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of polyphenols derived from lemon verbena infusion in both healthy and colitic rats. For this purpose, lemon verbena infusion was given to rats ad libitum for 14 d, and then 4 % DSS was added to the infusion for 7 d. Before and after DSS administration, 24 h urinary excretion of polyphenols was determined. Flavones were excreted in the urine as conjugated aglycones, and their excretion was not significantly altered by colonic inflammation. Only trace amounts of verbascoside were excreted in the urine, but various metabolites (hydroxycinnamic acids) were detected. The urinary excretion of hydroxycinnamic acids, particularly that of caffeic acid, increased after DSS administration (P< 0·05). Only flavone aglycones (luteolin and diosmetin) were excreted in the faeces in small proportions (3·2 % of ingested flavones). Intestinal absorption of lemon verbena polyphenols was examined using an in situ intestinal perfusion model. Intestinal absorption of verbascoside and flavone diglucuronides did not significantly differ between the healthy and colitic rats. Collectively, these results show that intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of lemon verbena flavone diglucuronides were not altered by colonic inflammation, but that urinary excretion of hydroxycinnamic acids derived from verbascoside was affected in a colitic situation.

scholarly journals HIV and AIDS knowledge of Pharmacy students at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus)/Tshwane University of Technology before and after a teaching intervention

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selente Bezuidenhout ◽  
Richard Summers
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Teaching Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Gains ◽  
Hiv Aids

Healthcare workers need to be qualified to deal with the specific requirements of the HIV/AIDS syndrome, which demands technical and scientific knowledge and understanding of the disease. Adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS is an important means to reduce stress and could result in better care and improve information to the general public. Because of the community service nature of pharmacies, pharmacists are in the front line when it comes to treating minor illnesses, as patients will often approach a pharmacist with a health query before they see a medical practitioner. Hence, pharmacists have opportunities to recognise potential opportunistic infections or other HIV-associated complications and to refer patients for evaluation and management.The objective of this study was to assess the level of scientific knowledge of HIV/AIDS of undergraduate pharmacy students before and after a teaching intervention aimed to improve students’ scientific knowledge of the subject. A controlled study was carried out by administering pre- and post-intervention questionnaires to control and study groups. The study group was taken from the various BPharm student groups during 2004 and 2005. Although each group acted as its own control, an additional control group of first year dentistry students was included in 2005. The mean HIV/AIDS knowledge scores and the knowledge gains of the control and study groups were compared before and after the intervention. The knowledge gains from the interventions were statistically significant. The increases indicate the positive effect of the teaching intervention. The teaching intervention can therefore be recommended to be part of the undergraduate BPharm curriculum.

scholarly journals Effect of running intensity on intestinal permeability

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay L. Pals ◽  
Ray-Tai Chang ◽  
Alan J. Ryan ◽  
Carl V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Gastric Permeability

Pals, Kay L., Ray-Tai Chang, Alan J. Ryan, and Carl V. Gisolfi. Effect of running intensity on intestinal permeability. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 571–576, 1997.—Enhanced intestinal permeability has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders in long-distance runners. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running intensity on small intestinal permeability by using the lactulose and rhamnose differential urinary excretion test. Secondary purposes included assessing the relationship between small intestinal permeability and gastrointestinal symptoms and evaluating gastric damage by using sucrose as a probe. Six healthy volunteers [5 men, 1 woman; age = 30 ± 2 yr; peak O2 uptake (V˙o 2 peak) = 57.7 ± 2.1 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1] rested or performed treadmill exercise at 40, 60, or 80%V˙o 2 peakfor 60 min in a moderate environment (22°C, 50% relative humidity). At 30 min into rest or exercise, the permeability test solution (5 g sucrose, 5 g lactulose, 2 g rhamnose in 50 ml water; ∼800 mosM) was ingested. Urinary excretion rates (6 h) of the lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio were used to assess small intestinal permeability, and concentrations of each probe were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Running at 80%V˙o 2 peakincreased ( P < 0.05) small intestinal permeability compared with rest, 40, and 60%V˙o 2 peakwith mean values expressed as percent recovery of ingested dose of 0.107 ± 0.021 (SE), 0.048 ± 0.009, 0.056 ± 0.005, and 0.064 ± 0.010%, respectively. Increases in small intestinal permeability did not result in a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and urinary recovery of sucrose did not reflect increased gastric permeability. The significance and mechanisms involved in increased small intestinal permeability after high-intensity running merit further investigation.

scholarly journals Improvement of Urinary Tract Symptoms and Quality of Life in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Patients, Associated with Consumption of a Newly Developed whole Tomato Based Food Supplement. A phase II prospective, Randomized Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cormio ◽  
Beppe Calò ◽  
Manuela Iezzi ◽  
Alessia Lamolinara ◽  
Paola Vitaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common urologic disease among elderly men. The diagnosis of BPH is usually in response to the appearance of lower urinary tract obstructive, and post-micturition symptoms (LUTS) that can significantly affect the quality of life. In Aim of this study was to evaluate in a phase II prospective, randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy and safety of a novel whole tomato-based food supplement on LUTS of patients affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients with histologically proved BPH were included in a phase II prospective, randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized to receive daily for two months a sachet (5 grams) of the tomato-based food supplement Lycoprozen® or an identical sachet containing placebo. Patients were asked to fill the “International Prostatic Symptom Score” questionnaire before and after treatment. Results: All patients successfully completed the scheduled regimen. No side effects were recorded. Lycoprozen® significantly reduced the LUTS severity. Particularly, the IPSS mean values before and after the treatment were 7.5+1.1 SE (range 16-2) and 5.1+1.0 SD (range 14-2), respectively (paired t-test, two-tailed p value <0.0002). A trend toward a reduction of total PSA levels was observed in Lycoprozen® treated patients (9.346 ng/ml+1.839 SE vs.7.906+0.928 SE, P = 0.096) (Fig 1, left). This trend was sustained by the significant reduction of PSA levels seen in 5 patients, (2 obese, 2 over-weight and 1 normal-weight) with basal levels >10 ng/ml (18.520ng/ml+2.747 SE vs. 10.323ng/ml+2.073 SE, P = 0.009)

scholarly journals RFA Lowers IDO Activity and Slows Non-Ablated Lesion Growth in Multifocal Hepatic Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailin Wang ◽  
Jun Mao ◽  
Siyue Mao ◽  
Xicheng Wang ◽  
Wanlin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) could activate immunity and slow non-ablated lesion growth in multifocal hepatic carcinoma.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on patients with multifocal hepatic carcinoma and assessed the non-ablated lesion growth rate between patients who received RFA and those who did not. In self-controlled study, before and three weeks after RFA, blood samples were collected from patients who received RFA to allow for comparisons of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) concentration as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IDO activity as assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: A total of 66 patients were included in the retrospective analysis: there were 46 (69.7%) patients in the treatment group and 20 (30.3%) patients in the control group. The mean growth rate of non-ablated tumors was 0.0291 ± 0.0965 mm/d in the treatment group and 0.0947 ± 0.0754 mm/d in the control group (P = 0.001). The mean concentrations of IDO before and after RFA were 15.57±4.06 ng/ml and 7.53±1.56 ng/ml in 45 eligible patients, and this difference was significant (P = 0.034). The mean IDO activity values were 29.7±22.03 and 25.25±1.75 before and after RFA, respectively (P = 0.031). AFP decreased significantly after RFA, but there was no significant correlation between the decrease in AFP and the decrease in IDO concentration and activity.Conclusions: RFA may induce abscopal effects in hepatic carcinoma patients, manifested by a decrease in IDO concentration and activity and a slowed growth rate in non-ablated lesions.

Oral Alpha Lipoic Acid Treatment for Symptomatic Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1531-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh R. El-Nahas ◽  
Ghada Elkannishy ◽  
Hala Abdelhafez ◽  
Enas T. Elkhamisy ◽  
Amr A. El-Sehrawy
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Outcome Parameters ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was used in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) using different routes, doses and treatment durations. The aim of this work is to assess the efficacy of oral 600mg ALA twice daily over 6 months in the treatment of patients with DPN. Methods: This is a prospective, single-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Mansoura Specialized Hospital, Mansoura University. A total of 200 patients with DPN were randomly assigned to add on treatment with either oral 600mg twice daily ALA (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 6 months. Treatment outcome was assessed using vibration perception threshold (VPT), neurological symptom score (NSS), neurological disability score (NDS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at baseline and at each visit (1, 3 and 6 months) after the start of treatment. Results: Comparison between the study groups regarding the baseline data revealed no statistically significant differences. with respect to the outcome parameters, no significant differences were found between the studied groups at baseline. However, in subsequent visits, ALA-treated patients had significantly better results regarding almost all the outcome parameters (NSS, NDS, VAS, VPT). Mild nausea was reported in 6 patients. None of the studied patients discontinued treatment. Conclusions: Oral 600mg ALA twice-daily treatment for DPN over 6 months is effective, safe and tolerable.

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS in PSP: a Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study Using Mobile Health Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pilotto ◽  
Maria Cristina Rizzetti ◽  
Alberto Lombardi ◽  
Clint Hansen ◽  
Michele Biggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractThere are no effective treatments in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on postural instability in PSP. Twenty PSP patients underwent a session of sham or real cerebellar rTMS in a crossover design. Before and after stimulation, static balance was evaluated with instrumented (lower back accelerometer, Rehagait®, Hasomed, Germany) 30-s trials in semitandem and tandem positions. In tandem and semitandem tasks, active stimulation was associated with increase in time without falls (both p=0.04). In the same tasks, device-extracted parameters revealed significant improvement in area (p=0.007), velocity (p=0.005), acceleration and jerkiness of sway (p=0.008) in real versus sham stimulation. Cerebellar rTMS showed a significant effect on stability in PSP patients, when assessed with mobile digital technology, in a double-blind design. These results should motivate larger and longer trials using non-invasive brain stimulation for PSP patients.

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